Are you intending to purchase property? Do you have a property registration related question? If so, feel free to post it below. What are the documents required for land registration? What is registration of property? Are property deeds public record? How long does it take for a bond to be Continue Reading
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Rule 43 Application – Maintenance Pendente Lite – High Court – Cape Town
Whilst you are in the process of divorcing your spouse, you may require the Western Cape High Court to assist you with regard to maintenance, or contact with your child. You may want the Court to Order t your spouse pays a portion of your legal fees, as well. This can all be done while the divorce is still pending. In the High Court, the court procedure to follow is outlined in its Uniform Rule 43. That is where the term “Rule 43 Applications” come from.Family Law Questions and Answers
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Divorces – Questions and Answers
Child Custody – Questions and Answers
Child Maintenance – Question and Answers
Domestic Violence – Questions and Answers
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Below was provide you with the entire rule 43, as well with an example of the Notice when making use of the rule.The entire rule 43 is as follows:
43 Matrimonial Matters (1) This rule shall apply whenever a spouse seeks relief from the court in respect of one or more of the following matters: (a) Maintenance pendente lite; (b) a contribution towards the cost s of a pending matrimonial action; (c) interim custody of any child; (d) interim access to any child. (2) The applicant shall deliver a sworn statement in the nature of a declaration, setting out the relief claimed and the grounds therefor, together with a notice to the respondent as near as may be in accordance with Form 17 of the First Schedule. The statement and notice shall be signed by the applicant or his attorney and shall give an address for service within eight kilometres of the office of the registrar, and shall be served by the sheriff. (3) The respondent shall within ten days after receiving the statement deliver a sworn reply in the nature of a plea, signed and giving an address as aforesaid, in default of which he shall be ipso facto barred. (4) As soon as possible thereafter the registrar shall bring the matter before the court for summary hearing, on ten days’ notice to the parties, unless the respondent is in default. (5) The court may hear such evidence as it considers necessary and may dismiss the application or make such order as it thinks fit to ensure a just and expeditious decision. (6) The court may, on the same procedure, vary its decision in the event of a material change taking place in the circumstances of either party or a child, or the contribution towards costs proving inadequate. How does it work
In short, you or your attorney would file an Affidavit with a Notice outlining in concise form, what you require. Then the other party would respond. The documents should be simple and straight to the point. The idea is to provide enough information for the court to make a quick decision. Now let’s look at an example of a rule 43 Notice used in the High Court.An Example of a Rule 43 Notice
Below is an example of a Rule 43 Notice dealing with contact rights.IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
(WESTERN CAPE DIVISION, CAPE TOWN) CASE NO: In the matter between: JOHN SMITH Applicant and JANE SMITH Respondent NOTICE OF APPLICATION IN TERMS OF RULE 43
TO THE ABOVE MENTIONED RESPONDENT MADAM TAKE NOTICE that the abovementioned Applicant claims from the Respondent the following, pendente lite:- The minor child shall reside primarily with the Applicant who shall be her primary caregiver; and
- The Respondent shall have reasonable contact with the minor child as follows:
- Every alternative weekend, commencing from the Friday until the Sunday. The collecting and drop-off times shall be agreed to by the Parties in advance, which may vary from time to time;
- Equal sharing of long and short school holidays, in that the minor child shall reside one half with the Applicant and the other with the Respondent which shall alternate each year;
- The Applicant and/or the Respondent, as the case may be, shall further have contact with the minor child on the following days for 3 (three) hours notwithstanding in whose care the minor child is in on those days:
- Christmas Day;
- The minor child’s birthday;
- Father’s day and Mother’s Day; and
- The Parties’ birthday.
- The Parties shall have telephonic contact with the minor child on a regular basis whilst the minor child is in the other’s care;
- Notwithstanding the above, the Parties shall have reasonable contact with the minor child at all times, provided that any additional contact shall be arranged telephonically and shall only take place by prior arrangement and consensus between the Parties; and
- The Parties shall respect each other’s privacy and shall not enter each other’s homes at any time without prior invitation, whether for the purpose of fetching or returning the minor child or any other reason whatsoever.
- JOINT DECISION MAKING
- The Parties shall make joint decisions about the following aspects of the minor child’s life:
- Major decisions about the minor child’s schooling and tertiary education;
- Major decisions about the minor child’s physical care, mental health care and medical care;
- Major decisions about the minor child’s religious and spiritual upbringing;
- Decisions about the minor child’s residence both within and outside the Cape Peninsula;
- Decisions which are likely to significantly change the minor child’s living conditions or to have an adverse effect on her well-being; and
- Decisions which affect the minor child’s everyday care and daily routine shall be made by the party in whose care the minor child is in at the relevant time.
- Costs of this Application if opposed; and
- Further and/or alternative relief.
TAKE NOTICE FURTHER that if you intend to defend this claim you must, within in 10 (ten) days, file a reply with the Registrar of this Honourable Court, Keerom Street, Cape Town, giving an address for service as referred to in rule 6(5)(b), and serve a copy on the Applicant’s attorneys. If you do not do these things, you will automatically be barred from defending and judgment may be given against you as claimed. Your reply must indicate what allegations in the Applicant’s statement you admit or deny and must concisely set out your defence. TAKE NOTICE FURTHER that the affidavit of JOHN SMITH (the Applicant) annexed hereto with confirmatory affidavits shall be used in support of this application. DATED AT SIGNED AT CAPE TOWN THIS___DAY OF __________________2018. —————————————— ABC Attorneys _____________________ Per.: TO: THE REGISTRAR HIGH COURT CAPE TOWN AND TO: JANE SMITH (RESPONDENT) Working at: XX WESTERN CAPE c/o AND TO: THE OFFICE OF THE FAMILY ADVOCATE CAPE TOWN ______________________o0o____________________ Do you need a lawyer or attorney?
It is always advisable to make use of a lawyer or an attorney when litigating in the High Court, or any court for that matter. However, sometimes the issue of costs comes into play. If however, you cannot afford the services of an attorney, we advise that you still proceed with the application.
- Every alternative weekend, commencing from the Friday until the Sunday. The collecting and drop-off times shall be agreed to by the Parties in advance, which may vary from time to time;
- Equal sharing of long and short school holidays, in that the minor child shall reside one half with the Applicant and the other with the Respondent which shall alternate each year;
- The Applicant and/or the Respondent, as the case may be, shall further have contact with the minor child on the following days for 3 (three) hours notwithstanding in whose care the minor child is in on those days:
- Christmas Day;
- The minor child’s birthday;
- Father’s day and Mother’s Day; and
- The Parties’ birthday.
- The Parties shall make joint decisions about the following aspects of the minor child’s life:
- Major decisions about the minor child’s schooling and tertiary education;
- Major decisions about the minor child’s physical care, mental health care and medical care;
- Major decisions about the minor child’s religious and spiritual upbringing;
- Decisions about the minor child’s residence both within and outside the Cape Peninsula;
- Decisions which are likely to significantly change the minor child’s living conditions or to have an adverse effect on her well-being; and
- Decisions which affect the minor child’s everyday care and daily routine shall be made by the party in whose care the minor child is in at the relevant time.
Rule 43 Application – Maintenance Pendente Lite – High Court – Cape Town Whilst you are in the process of divorcing your spouse, you may require the Western Cape High Court to assist you with regard to maintenance, or contact with your child. You may want the Court to Order Continue Reading
Child custody, guardianship and visitation (parental responsibilities and rights) – What do I need to know should I be going through a divorce or separation?
Although it is not ideal, it often happens that parents divorce or break up. Their romantic or spousal relationship may have come to an end, but their co-parenting relationship continues if they have a child together. They need to be the best co-parents possible for their child. This should be the case despite their failed marriage or relationship. [caption id="attachment_8203" align="alignleft" width="300"]
The child in the middle. Child Custody disputes between parents, involving the child.[/caption] 
Sadly, sometimes the civility the parents had for each other does not transcend beyond their divorce or separation. Some parents in this situation have unresolved issues. It then often happens that the child becomes a victim of the conflict that ensures. They often use the child as a pawn to settle unresolved differences. This situation is not in the child’s best interest. What follows are five things that parents should know when it comes to a divorce or separation. This is especially important if there are young children involved. [caption id="attachment_8198" align="alignleft" width="300"]
It is often the child who gets hurt the most in child custody disputes.[/caption]Number 1: The Child’s best interests are of paramount importance.
In all matters concerning a child, his or her best interests are of paramount importance. Therefore, the law does not focus on what is best for the parents. However, the court would have to be reasonable and fair. All relevant facts must be looked at. A parent, therefore, cannot demand that he or she has custody over the child notwithstanding the fact, that the child would be prejudiced if that happens. For example, the child would have to leave his or her current school and enrol in a new school in the middle of the academic year. The same applies to child maintenance. It does not mean that because you are paying for all the child’s expenses that you can demand when and how you wish to spend time with the child. [caption id="attachment_8201" align="alignleft" width="300"]
It is always best to speak to a professional lawyer or childcare expert in custody matters.[/caption] The sad reality is that when parents are embroiled in conflict, they are blinded from what is in the child’s best interests. They focus on what is seemingly best for them. Often, it is to win. Or get more than the other party. Therefore, the parent with the most money would employ the best of lawyers, just to show the other parent. Most times, the child loses out.Number 2: Know your parental responsibilities and rights – Well
This one is mostly for fathers. Long gone are the days where it is assumed that only a mother can care for a child. Often the courts’ award custody or primary care to the father. The bottom line is; what is best for the child. Therefore, in a given scenario, if the mother is the one who worked from morning to dusk and the father was the one who took the child to school, collected her and attended to her homework, then in such a case, he may be awarded primary care or custody. If, however, the mother was the one who works but cared for the child since birth, she may be awarded custody.Number 3: Don’t rush to the courts of law – This should be your last option
[caption id="attachment_8199" align="alignleft" width="300"]
The High Court and Children’s Court should be the last place you should find yourself in when dealing with child custody issues.[/caption] At the first sign of trouble, do not rush to the court. Here we refer to the Children’s Court or the High Court, concerning parental responsibilities and rights. First, try to mediate the issue. Both parents should try to meet with a social worker or family counsellor in trying to resolve issues. It is better for the parents to come up with a workable parenting plan than for the court to enforce one on them.Number 4: Understand that there are now two households – The child cannot be divided into two.
When parents live together with a child, there is only one household. Therefore, parents will see the child every day. They would share in the child’s care, as well as his or her expenses. Spending the same time with the child after separation would be impossible. The child would have to live primarily in one home, and occasionally in the other. The focus must be in what is in the child’s best interest and not the parents. This is a reality the parents must accept and which the courts would impose. [caption id="attachment_8200" align="alignleft" width="300"]
For the sake of the minor child, try hard to resolve child custody disputes when it comes to divorce or separation.[/caption] Therefore, when divorcing or separating, try to work out together a workable parenting plan. As both parents have different work schedules and commitments, it is possible to come to a workable agreement. The parents can rotate who takes and collects the child from school. They may want to do the same when it comes to extramural activities over the weekend as well. Regular telephonic and video (Skype, WhatsApp or FaceTime) contact are encouraged. This would ensure regular contact.Number 5: Make use of a facilitator – A third party can assist the parties to see clearly for the sake of the child.
Parents don’t need to rush to court every time there is a dispute regarding the child. This practice can become very exhausting and expensive. They should appoint a facilitator to assist them in resolving the dispute. For example, should there be a wedding in the father’s family during the weekend of the mother, then if the parties cannot resolve the issue, they need to first see a professional third party [caption id="attachment_8202" align="alignleft" width="300"]
Consider the child before considering yourself in child custody disputes.[/caption] The facilitator would usually be a social worker, psychologist or even a lawyer. However, the facilitator would have to be experienced in family law and related matters to be of much worth. Either way, having a third party assist the parents in resolving the issue is always useful. It would also help them save a lot of money by avoiding litigation. We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. [caption id="attachment_8204" align="alignleft" width="300"]
Speak to a child custody lawyer, or legal professional to assist you in resolving your parental legal matters.[/caption] Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws
Child custody, guardianship and visitation (parental responsibilities and rights) – What do I need to know should I be going through a divorce or separation? Although it is not ideal, it often happens that parents divorce or break up. Their romantic or spousal relationship may have come to an end, Continue Reading
I cannot afford to pay child maintenance during the Lockdown. What can I do? The other parent of my child has not paid any maintenance since before the lockdown. What should I do?
We are now on day 19 of the National Lockdown. Many expected the lockdown to endure for only 21 days. However, it is now set for 35 days. Unless you are an essential worker, or a business providing essential services, you may not go out to work or earn a living. You may, however, work from home making use of email, telephone calls, and video calls. However, the vast majority of workers in South Africa do not work from a computer or have the ability to earn money from being online. This applies to restaurants, retail stores and suppliers, the building and maintenance industry, and so on. The list is extensive. For those who are lucky to be employed, some will only receive half their salary and some none. No work, no pay. This is a sad reality of the national lockdown. Many people will be left without jobs and unable to pay their expenses. We can only hope and pray that the COVID-19, coronavirus pandemic comes to an end as soon as possible. South Africans can then work together in building our nation back to where it was and beyond.Regulations regarding the movement of children during the lockdown
Concerning the issue of a parent’s inability to pay child maintenance during the lockdown, let us first outline the current regulations regarding the movement of children during this period. This would place this article in perspective. Children may only be moved between homes under the following circumstances:- There are arrangements in place for the children to move for one parent to another in terms of a court order; or
- A parental responsibilities and rights agreement or parenting plan registered with the office of the Family Advocate; and
- In the household to which the child is to move, there is no person who is known to have come into contact with, or is reasonably suspected to have come into contact with, a person known to have contracted, or reasonably suspected to have contracted, COVID-19;
- The parent or caregiver transporting the child concerned must have in his or her possession, the court order or the latter agreement, or a certified copy thereof.
To view the regulations, click here. TAKE NOTE! There is NO Child Maintenance Payment Holiday during the National Lockdown Period!
On 07 April 2020, an article was published entitled: TAKE NOTE! There is NO Child Maintenance Payment Holiday during the National Lockdown Period! This article still stands. We received many queries and comments from parents who cannot afford to pay child maintenance during the lockdown, and parents who have not received any child maintenance prior. Let us deal with this issue.A parent’s duty to pay child maintenance
Whether or not there is a maintenance order in place, a parent has the duty to maintain his or her child. This duty does not stem from a court order, but by operation of law. A parent, therefore, cannot opt-out from paying child support. The only exception could be if the child, although he or she is a minor, is very wealthy, and does not require any form of child maintenance. This latter scenario is however rare.What are the social welfare consequences of not paying child support?
The very basic purpose of paying child support is to feed, clothe and give the child shelter. If a child has two (2) parents, then both of them have a legal obligation to maintain that child. If one parent pays child support, the other parent would use that money to supplement the expenses of the child. Therefore, the money would be used to pay for any of the following basic needs during the lockdown period:- Food (breakfast, lunch and supper)
- Accommodation (rent)
- Electricity, water and gas
- Basic clothing
- Basic educational expenses
- Personal hygiene and medical expenses
Now let’s say both parents are not earning any money during the lockdown period. The parent caring for the child is trying his or her utmost best to feed the child with what little money there is. If the parent who is supposed to pay child support does not pay his or her portion, what would happen? It would mean that the child would not have food to eat during the lockdown period. This is not in the child’s best interest. A parent should, therefore, try his or her utmost to avoid this situation from happening by paying child support. What if a parent really cannot afford to pay child maintenance during the lockdown period?
It is theoretically possible that a parent, who receives no income during the lockdown period, cannot afford to pay all the child maintenance he or she is obliged to pay. This category of parent would be one who owns no assets of value to sell, is not eligible to take out a loan from someone, and himself or herself is destitute. In other words, there is no money or assets at all. Should the mother lay a complaint for non-compliance with the Maintenance order, or for paying child support, he or she should prove that he or she was truly destitute and could not pay any child support, albeit a small amount.For what may a parent approach the maintenance court during the lockdown?
In terms of direction 8(b)(i) and (ii)issued in the Regulations (No. R418) issued on 28 March 2029 in the Government Gazette (No.43167), the Maintenance Court may deal with maintenance matters during the lockdown as follows: – First time applications for maintenance will only be dealt with if complete information is supplied in respect of required names, surname, telephone or cellular phone number, employment or business address, banking details of the Respondent; and – Application in respect of enforcement of maintenance orders Therefore, if a parent is not paying child support in terms of a court order, approach the maintenance court to enforce it, even during the lockdown. If you do not have a maintenance order, and not receiving maintenance, approach the maintenance court during the lockdown and ensure you have all the information mentioned in the regulations above. We, therefore, urge parents to pay their child support during the lockdown period. This is so even though you never saw your child during the entire lockdown period. Make a loan, sell some goods, or do whatever you can to ensure your child has food to eat during the lockdown and beyond. We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws
I cannot afford to pay child maintenance during the Lockdown. What can I do? The other parent of my child has not paid any maintenance since before the lockdown. What should I do? We are now on day 19 of the National Lockdown. Many expected the lockdown to endure Continue Reading
I want to relocate from South Africa to Japan with my minor child. The other parent does not want my child to relocate to Japan. What can I do?
Japan is a popular destination to emigrate to. People emigrate from South Africa for many reasons. It ranges from better employment opportunities, family relations, or for a better standard of living. Whatever the reason a parent wants to relocate to Japan, if a minor child will be joining that parent and also relocating to Japan, then the parent remaining in South Africa’s consent would usually be required. Let us unpack the legal issues a parent may encounter when wanting to emigrate to Japan. Before we do so, let us list the various cities and towns in Japan to which you may want to relocate: Aichi, Anjō, Atsuta, Gamagōri, Handa, Hekinan, Ichinomiya, Inazawa, Kariya, Kasugai, Komaki, Kōnan, Nagoya, Nishio, Okazaki, Seto, Tokoname, Toyohashi, Toyokawa, Toyota, Akita, Noshiro, Ōdate, Aomori, Aomori, Hachinohe, Hirosaki, Chiba, Chiba, Chōshi, Funabashi, Ichihara, Ichikawa, Kashiwa, Kisarazu, Matsudo, Narashino, Narita, Noda, Sawara, Urayasu, Ehime, Imabari, Matsuyama, Niihama, Saijō, Uwajima, Yawatahama, Fukui, Sabae, Takefu, Tsuruga, Fukuoka, Iizuka, Kitakyūshū, Kurume, Nōgata, Ōkawa, Ōmuta, Tagawa, Fukushima, Aizu-wakamatsu, Iwaki, Kōriyama, Gifu, Gifu, Kakamigahara, Ōgaki, Tajimi, Takayama, Toki, Gumma, Isesaki, Kiryū, Maebashi, Ōta, Takasaki, Tatebayashi, Tomioka, Hiroshima, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Innoshima, Kure, Mihara, Onomichi, Hokkaido, Asahikawa, Bibai, Chitose, Ebetsu, Hakodate, Iwamizawa, Kitami, Kushiro, Muroran, Nemuro, Noboribetsu, Obihiro, Otaru, Rumoi, Sapporo, Tomakomai, Wakkanai, Yūbari, Hyōgo, Akashi, Akō, Amagasaki, Ashiya, Himeji, Itami, Kakogawa, Kawanishi, Kōbe, Miki, Nishinomiya, Takarazuka, Takasago, Ibaraki, Hitachi, Hitachinaka, Kitaibaraki, Koga, Mito, Shimodate, Tsuchiura, Tsukuba Science City, Ishikawa, Kaga, Kanazawa, Komatsu, Nanao, Iwate, Kamaishi, Miyako, Mizusawa, Morioka, Kagawa, Marugame, Sakaide, Takamatsu, Kagoshima, Kanoya, Sendai, Kanagawa, Atsugi, Chigasaki, Fujisawa, Hadano, Hakone, Hiratsuka, Kamakura, Kawasaki, Miura, Odawara, Sagamihara, Yamato, Yokohama, Yokosuka, Kōchi, Kumamoto, Arao, Kumamoto, Minamata, Yatsushiro, Kyōto, Kyōto, Maizuru, Uji, Mie, Ise, Kuwana, Matsuzaka, Suzuka, Tsu, Ueno, Yokkaichi, Miyagi, Ishinomaki, Kesennuma, Sendai, Shiogama, Miyazaki, Miyakonojō, Miyazaki, Nichinan, Nobeoka, Nagano, Matsumoto, Nagano, Okaya, Suwa, Ueda, Nagasaki, Hirado, Isahaya, Nagasaki, Ōmura, Sasebo, Shimabara, Nara, Kashihara, Nara, Tenri, Yamato-Kōriyama, Niigata, Jōetsu, Kashiwazaki, Nagaoka, Niigata, Niitsu, Sanjō, Ōita, Beppu, Hita, Nakatsu, Ōita, Saiki, Usa, Usuki, Okayama, Kasaoka, Kurashiki, Okayama, Tamano, Tsuyama, Okinawa, Naha, Okinawa, Ōsaka, Daitō, Higashiōsaka, Hirakata, Ikeda, Izumiōtsu, Izumisano, Kadoma, Kishiwada, Matsubara, Moriguchi, Neyagawa, Ōsaka, Sakai, Suita, Takatsuki, Toyonaka, Yao, Saga, Imari, Karatsu, Saga, Tosu, Saitama, Ageo, Asaka, Chichibu, Fukaya, Gyōda, Iruma, Kawagoe, Kawaguchi, Koshigaya, Kumagaya, Saitama, Sōka, Toda, Warabi, Shiga, Hikone, Ōtsu, Shigaraki, Shimane, Izumo, Masuda, Matsue, Shizuoka, Atami, Fuji, Fujieda, Fujinomiya, Gotemba, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Itō, Mishima, Numazu, Shimada, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Yaizu, Tochigi, Ashikaga, Kanuma, Nikkō, Oyama, Sano, Utsunomiya, Tokushima, Anan, Komatsushima, Naruto, Tokushima, Tokyo, Chōfu, Fuchū, Ginza, Hachiōji, Higashimurayama, Hino, Kodaira, Koganei, Kokubunji, Machida, Mitaka, Musashino, Ōme, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Tottori, Kurayoshi, Yonago, Toyama, Takaoka, Wakayama, Kainan, Nachi-katsuura, Sakata, Tsuruoka, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Hagi, Hōfu, Iwakuni, Kudamatsu, Shimonoseki, Tokuyama, Ube, Yamanashi, Kōfu. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-cities-and-towns-in-Japan-2039519) Why do I require the other parent’s Consent to relocate to Japan?
According to South African law, if you are a co-holder of parental responsibilities and rights over your minor child, you must consent to your child leaving South Africa. In this case, relocating to Japan. Here we refer to section 18 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. The entire provision is as follows: 18 Parental responsibilities and rights (1) A person may have either full or specific parental responsibilities and rights in respect of a child. (2) The parental responsibilities and rights that a person may have in respect of a child, include the responsibility and the right- (a) to care for the child; (b) to maintain contact with the child; (c) to act as guardian of the child; and (d) to contribute to the maintenance of the child. (3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), a parent or other person who acts as guardian of a child must- (a) administer and safeguard the child’s property and property interests; (b) assist or represent the child in administrative, contractual and other legal matters; or (c) give or refuse any consent required by law in respect of the child, including- (i) consent to the child’s marriage; (ii) consent to the child’s adoption; (iii) consent to the child’s departure or removal from the Republic; (iv) consent to the child’s application for a passport; and (v) consent to the alienation or encumbrance of any immovable property of the child. (4) Whenever more than one person has guardianship of a child, each one of them is competent, subject to subsection (5), any other law or any order of a competent court to the contrary, to exercise independently and without the Consent of the other any right or responsibility arising from such guardianship. (5) Unless a competent court orders otherwise, the Consent of all the persons that have guardianship of a child is necessary in respect of matters set out in subsection (3)(c). Now let us explain what Parental Responsibilities and Rights are.What are Parental Responsibilities and Rights of a parent in relation to a child?
As can be seen from section 18(2) of the Children’s Act, when we refer to Parental Responsibilities and Rights, we refer to the following: (a) to care for the child; (b) to maintain contact with the child; (c) to act as guardian of the child; and (d) to contribute to the maintenance of the child. Therefore, if a parent has parental responsibilities and rights over a minor child, and accordingly, rights of guardianship, their Consent is required when it comes to issues of guardianship. As seen from section 18(3)(c) of the Children’s Act above, both parents’ Consent is required should a minor child depart from the Republic of South Africa. In this case, to emigrate to Japan. Even if the minor child only wants to go for a short holiday to Japan, both guardians’ Consent would be required.When would the other parent be seen as a guardian in the case of a relocation matter to Japan?
It must be noted that not all parents are legal guardians over their minor children. We should therefore distinguish between married or divorced parents and parents who were never married. As you would see below, usually married, or divorced parents’ Consent would be required for a minor child to relocate or emigrate to Japan. However, that does not automatically apply to parents who were never married. This could be because the child could have been born from a brief encounter and never met his or her father. It would not make sense that a parent who never met his or her 15-year-old child, should give Consent for relocation to Japan.Mother’s Consent for relocation of the minor child to Japan
Section 19 of the Children’s Act deals with the Parental responsibilities and rights of mothers. It states the following: 19 Parental responsibilities and rights of mothers (1) The biological mother of a child, whether married or unmarried, has full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child. (2) If- (a) the biological mother of a child is an unmarried child who does not have guardianship in respect of the child; and (b) the biological father of the child does not have guardianship in respect of the child, the guardian of the child’s biological mother is also the guardian of the child. (3) This section does not apply in respect of a child who is the subject of a surrogacy agreement. As seen from section 19(1) of the Children’s Act, in most cases involving the relocation of a minor child to Japan, the mother’s Consent is required as she has full parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child.Married father’s Consent for the relocation of the minor child to Japan
Section 20 of the Children’s Act deals with Parental responsibilities and rights of married fathers. It states the following: 20 Parental responsibilities and rights of married fathers The biological father of a child has full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child- (a) if he is married to the child’s mother; or (b) if he was married to the child’s mother at (i) the time of the child’s conception; (ii) the time of the child’s birth; or (iii) any time between the child’s conception and birth. As can be seen from sections 20 (a) and (b) of the Children’s Act, if the father and the mother were married, or are married, then his Consent is required for the minor child to relocate to Japan. Of course, an exception to this would be should a court of law order otherwise. This would be the case should the parents be divorced and the divorce court ordered that only the mother may act as guardian. Next, we deal with the issue of an unmarried father’s Consent to relocate a minor child to Japan.Consent of unmarried fathers for the relocation of their minor children to Japan.
Section 21 of the Children’s Act deals with parental responsibilities and rights of unmarried fathers. The section states the following: 21 Parental responsibilities and rights of unmarried fathers (1) The biological father of a child who does not have parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child in terms of section 20, acquires full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child- (a) if at the time of the child’s birth he is living with the mother in a permanent life-partnership; or (b) if he, regardless of whether he has lived or is living with the mother- (i) consents to be identified or successfully applies in terms of section 26 to be identified as the child’s father or pays damages in terms of customary law; (ii) contributes or has attempted in good faith to contribute to the child’s upbringing for a reasonable period; and (iii) contributes or has attempted in good faith to contribute towards expenses in connection with the maintenance of the child for a reasonable period. (2) This section does not affect the duty of a father to contribute towards the maintenance of the child. (3) (a) If there is a dispute between the biological father referred to in subsection (1) and the biological mother of a child with regard to the fulfilment by that father of the conditions set out in subsection (1) (a) or (b), the matter must be referred for mediation to a family advocate, social worker, social service professional or other suitably qualified person. (b) Any party to the mediation may have the outcome of the mediation reviewed by a court. (4) This section applies regardless of whether the child was born before or after the commencement of this Act. As can be seen from the latter sections, a father of a child born out of wedlock does not automatically have parental responsibilities and rights over his minor child. He may however acquire those parental responsibilities and rights over his minor child if he is materially involved in the child’s life. That would be where the father and the mother were in a permanent life partnership when the child was born or he is meaningfully involved in the child’s life, as outlined above. We shall not go into much detail regarding that. However, in most cases, if the father had regular contact with the child and paid child support, he would have acquired parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child.What do you do if the other parent does not want to consent to the minor child relocating to Japan?
Suppose the other parent also has parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child, and he or she does not want to consent to the relocation of the minor child to Japan, then in such a case, the Court needs to be approached. Here I refer you back to section 18(5) of the Children’s Act referred to above where it states: (5) Unless a competent court orders otherwise, the Consent of all the persons that have guardianship of a child is necessary in respect of matters set out in subsection (3)(c). Therefore, after your Court Application has been launched an both sides have been heard, the Court would make the necessary Order. If you are successful in your application for the relocation of your minor children to Japan, then the Court will make an Order similar to that which is shown below. [caption id="attachment_10829" align="alignnone" width="662"]
Relocation consent Court Order for minor child to Japan – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf[/caption]
I want to relocate from South Africa to Japan with my minor child. The other parent does not want my child to relocate to Japan. What can I do? Japan is a popular destination to emigrate to. People emigrate from South Africa for many reasons. It ranges from better employment Continue Reading
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Simon’s Town.
Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty to pay child maintenance and support their children. Once the child is self-supporting (being able to care for him or herself), the obligation falls away. This can happen when the child is 18, 20, or even 30. It all depends on the circumstances of the case.
Claiming child maintenance for your child in Simon’s Town
Whether you claim child maintenance in Simon’s Town, or any other city in South Africa, the procedures would be the same. There are however two (2) courts that can deal with child maintenance matters. That is a divorce court, in a divorce matter, and a Child Maintenance Court. For this article, we will focus on claiming maintenance in a Maintenance Court matter in Simon’s Town.
The maintenance scenario – Simon’s Town South Africa
In this article, we will deal with the following fictitious scenario, in a child maintenance matter:
- The Child is seven years old and attends school in Simon’s Town
- The child is cared for by the mother who works in Simon’s Town
- The mother works and earns a Salary of R 10 000
- The father sees the child every second weekend. He also lives and works in Simon’s Town
- The child’s monthly expenses are R 6000 – 00 which includes food, clothing, accommodation, education, travel etc.
- The father earns a reasonable salary and can afford the R 20 000 – 00 per month
- The mother claims R 4 000 – 00 maintenance as the father earns double her salary
What is the first step the mother must take in claiming child maintenance?
The first thing the mother must do is work out exactly what the child costs by item. She breaks down the minor child’s living expenses, starting from rent or accommodation to groceries to school fees etc. Once she has done that, she would need to determine what exactly does the minor child cost per month, seeing that she will be asking the father to contribute towards that. As best as possible, she needs to collect proof of expenses. This can be in the form of receipts.
How does she start the legal process?
The mother now needs to approach the maintenance court in the area where she lives or works to lodge a complaint for child maintenance. If she lives or works in Simon’s Town, it would be the maintenance court in Simon’s Town. She will complete a Form A wherein she will provide all the expenses for her and the minor child. She would also have to stipulate her income. Once she completed the form and submitted it to the maintenance court, she must then follow the next step.
What do you do while waiting for the maintenance court date?
While you wait to be informed of the court date by the Maintenance Court of Simon’s Town, and up until the actual first court date, you need to ensure that you keep a record of all income and expenses for you and the child. This is very important as the court allocates maintenance based on recent income and expenses.
What happens at the first court appearance at the Simon’s Town Maintenance Court?
Once you have been notified of the maintenance court date by the Simon’s Town Maintenance Court, you need to ensure that you attend it. On that day, both you and the father of the child would appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer would go through both your income and expenses as well as that of the father. If all the relevant information is not before the maintenance court, then the matter may be postponed in order for the parties to submit it.
The maintenance officer will try to settle the matter and have the parents come to an agreement regarding the amount of child maintenance to be paid. If they cannot come to an agreement regarding the child maintenance to be paid, the matter would have to proceed to a formal hearing or trial before a Magistrate.
How does the Maintenance Court hearing or trial work in Simon’s Town?
Essentially, the maintenance court is called upon to make a fair ruling regarding what is a fair amount of child support that needs to be paid. For that to happen, the parents would have to give evidence in that regard. The mother would present to the court what the child costs, what she contributes and what she requires the other parent to pay. The Father would have a right to question the mother and to present evidence as to why he cannot afford the amount requested or why he feels it is an unfair amount. The mother can they also question him.
At the end of the day, the Simon’s Town Maintenance Court would be able to properly determine what is a fair and adequate amount of child maintenance to pay after being presented will all relevant information. The Simon’s Town Maintenance Court should play an active role in determining what is a fair amount of child maintenance the father should pay.
The above child maintenance application principles should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom
Gauteng:
Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging
KwaZulu-Natal:
Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi
Limpopo:
Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi
Mpumalanga:
Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth
Western Cape:
Bellville, Simon’s Town, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Simon’s Town. Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their Continue Reading
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Phalaborwa.
Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty to pay child maintenance and support their children. Once the child is self-supporting (being able to care for him or herself), the obligation falls away. This can happen when the child is 18, 20, or even 30. It all depends on the circumstances of the case.
Claiming child maintenance for your child in Phalaborwa
Whether you claim child maintenance in Phalaborwa, or any other city in South Africa, the procedures would be the same. There are however two (2) courts that can deal with child maintenance matters. That is a divorce court, in a divorce matter, and a Child Maintenance Court. For this article, we will focus on claiming maintenance in a Maintenance Court matter in Phalaborwa.
The maintenance scenario – Phalaborwa South Africa
In this article, we will deal with the following fictitious scenario, in a child maintenance matter:
- The Child is seven years old and attends school in Phalaborwa
- The child is cared for by the mother who works in Phalaborwa
- The mother works and earns a Salary of R 10 000
- The father sees the child every second weekend. He also lives and works in Phalaborwa
- The child’s monthly expenses are R 6000 – 00 which includes food, clothing, accommodation, education, travel etc.
- The father earns a reasonable salary and can afford the R 20 000 – 00 per month
- The mother claims R 4 000 – 00 maintenance as the father earns double her salary
What is the first step the mother must take in claiming child maintenance?
The first thing the mother must do is work out exactly what the child costs by item. She breaks down the minor child’s living expenses, starting from rent or accommodation to groceries to school fees etc. Once she has done that, she would need to determine what exactly does the minor child cost per month, seeing that she will be asking the father to contribute towards that. As best as possible, she needs to collect proof of expenses. This can be in the form of receipts.
How does she start the legal process?
The mother now needs to approach the maintenance court in the area where she lives or works to lodge a complaint for child maintenance. If she lives or works in Phalaborwa, it would be the maintenance court in Phalaborwa. She will complete a Form A wherein she will provide all the expenses for her and the minor child. She would also have to stipulate her income. Once she completed the form and submitted it to the maintenance court, she must then follow the next step.
What do you do while waiting for the maintenance court date?
While you wait to be informed of the court date by the Maintenance Court of Phalaborwa, and up until the actual first court date, you need to ensure that you keep a record of all income and expenses for you and the child. This is very important as the court allocates maintenance based on recent income and expenses.
What happens at the first court appearance at the Phalaborwa Maintenance Court?
Once you have been notified of the maintenance court date by the Phalaborwa Maintenance Court, you need to ensure that you attend it. On that day, both you and the father of the child would appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer would go through both your income and expenses as well as that of the father. If all the relevant information is not before the maintenance court, then the matter may be postponed in order for the parties to submit it.
The maintenance officer will try to settle the matter and have the parents come to an agreement regarding the amount of child maintenance to be paid. If they cannot come to an agreement regarding the child maintenance to be paid, the matter would have to proceed to a formal hearing or trial before a Magistrate.
How does the Maintenance Court hearing or trial work in Phalaborwa?
Essentially, the maintenance court is called upon to make a fair ruling regarding what is a fair amount of child support that needs to be paid. For that to happen, the parents would have to give evidence in that regard. The mother would present to the court what the child costs, what she contributes and what she requires the other parent to pay. The Father would have a right to question the mother and to present evidence as to why he cannot afford the amount requested or why he feels it is an unfair amount. The mother can they also question him.
At the end of the day, the Phalaborwa Maintenance Court would be able to properly determine what is a fair and adequate amount of child maintenance to pay after being presented will all relevant information. The Phalaborwa Maintenance Court should play an active role in determining what is a fair amount of child maintenance the father should pay.
The above child maintenance application principles should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom
Gauteng:
Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging
KwaZulu-Natal:
Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi
Limpopo:
Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi
Mpumalanga:
Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth
Western Cape:
Bellville, Phalaborwa, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Phalaborwa. Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty Continue Reading
Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Simon’s Town Children’s Court
Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Simon’s Town or any other city in South Africa. Especially so if you have no idea how the legal processes work. It is one thing to know that you are entitled to child support, but it is a totally different matter to know the law and procedure on how to claim child support. Luckily in child maintenance matters, the maintenance court is there to assist you in completing the application form. However, many times that is not enough. Especially so if the other parent has a lawyer and knows how to present the case for his or her client.
This article, however, deals with some top tips in care and contact or custody matters in the Children’s Court in Simon’s Town. It would explain the processes involved and advise on how to be best prepared for your matter. This advice is applicable whether you live in Simon’s Town or any other city in South Africa.
What to do before visiting the Simon’s Town Children’s Court
Before you approach the Children’s Court in Simon’s Town, first try to resolve the issues with the other parent. Therefore, if you want more contact with your child and the other parent is refusing, try to resolve the matter first with that parent. If that does not work, try mediation. The mediator can be anyone, from a trusted mutual friend, priest, or other religious leaders, or a professional like an attorney, psychologist, or the office of the Family Advocate. Simon’s Town has many professionals that can assist you in this regard. If resolving the matter by yourselves is not possible, or mediation fails, then we suggest you approach the Simon’s Town Children’s Court for assistance.
TIP: Focus on getting someone neutral to assist in mediating your matter. Organisations like FAMSA and FAMAC can be of assistance. Google them.
Approaching the Simon’s Town Children’s Court
The Simon’s Town Children’s Court should be approached if it is the closest Children’s Court to you. You need to verify with the Simon’s Town Children’s Court that you fall under their area of jurisdiction. If not, they would direct you to which Children’s Court is applicable to you.
Once you arrive at the Simon’s Town Children’s Court, they will provide you with a form headed “Bringing Matter to Court in Terms of Section 53 Children’s Act, 2005 (Act no. 38 of 2005) Regulation Relating to Children’s Court and International Child Abduction, 2008 [Regulation 6]. This form is also called Form 2.
In this form, you will provide all your particulars and that of the child or children and the other parent. The sections in the form are as follows:
- PART A: PARTICULARS OF CHILD(REN)
- PART B: PARTICULARS OF *CHILD WHO IS AFFECTED BY OR INVOLVED IN THE MATTER/PERSON *ACTING IN THE INTEREST OF THE CHILD/*ON BEHALF OF THE CHILD WHO CANNOT ACT IN HIS/HER OWN NAME/ *MEMBER OF A GROUP OF CLASS OF CHILDREN/*IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST (SECTION 53(2)
- PART C: PARTICULARS OF PERSONS HAVING AN INTEREST IN THE MATTER
- PART D: PARTICULARS OF MATTER
In part D, the following is stated which you need to provide in the form:
- Nature of matter brought to Court: (Please give full details of the matter e.g., registration/amendment of parenting plans, removal of child to safe care, children in need of care and protection, placement in youth care centers, adoption etc.
- Documents: Are there any documents relating to the matter? (If so please attach)
Once you have completed the form and attached the relevant documents to it, you must take it to a commissioner of Oaths to have it commissioned. It does not have to be in Simon’s Town.
TIP: Draft a separate affidavit explaining your case. Outline some background information and reasons why the Court should give you what you request. Attach it to Form 2.
Processing your Application at the Simon’s Town Children’s Court
Once you complete the Form A and submit it to the Clerk of the Simon’s Town Children’s Court, they will process it and allocate it a case number or reference number. The Clerk of the Court would then allocate a date to the matter and advise the parties accordingly when the court date is. Please note that some courts follow a different process for processing the application and informing the parties of the court date. Please enquire from the Court when making the application what process they follow.
TIP: Obtain the contact details of the Court for you to contact them to obtain the Court date or other information. Ask for their contact number and email address.
Appearing in the Simon’s Town Children’s Court
When notified of the Court date, both you and the other parent should attend. If you are making use of a lawyer (Advocate or Attorney), inform them timeously of the date. Depending on the Court, you may first see the Clerk or go directly to the Magistrate. The Children’s Court would do its best to try to resolve the matter. If the parents cannot come to an agreement, the Children’s Court may postpone the matter for either of the following:
- Get a social worker involved in the matter;
- Appoint a legal representative for the minor child;
- Implement interim care and contact arrangements;
- Having the parties attempt to agree on a parenting plan;
-
In serious matters, the Court may remove the minor child from both parents and place the child in foster care. The powers of the Children’s Court are extensive. It will, however, focus on what is in the child’s best interests.
TIP: Be as vocal as possible. Do not expect the Court to be understanding of your case or be on your side. It is your duty to explain your case and provide the Court with all the relevant information they require for them to make a fair decision.
Finalising the matter in the Simon’s Town Children’s Court
Once the Simon’s Town Children’s Court has enough information to make a final decision, it will do so. Depending on the facts of the matter, that could either be making a Parenting Plan, an Order of the Court or a final care and contact Order. The Court may even make further interim orders, where the parties are to return to Court after a few months, or a year later.
TIP: Do not agree to something just because the social worker, a lawyer, or the Court suggest it. You need to be happy with what is decided.
The above Simon’s Town Children’s Court Application tips should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom
Gauteng:
Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging
KwaZulu-Natal:
Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi
Limpopo:
Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi
Mpumalanga:
Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth
Western Cape:
Bellville, Simon’s Town, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester
Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Simon’s Town Children’s Court Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Simon’s Town or any other city in South Africa. Especially so Continue Reading
Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Ulundi Children’s Court
Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Ulundi or any other city in South Africa. Especially so if you have no idea how the legal processes work. It is one thing to know that you are entitled to child support, but it is a totally different matter to know the law and procedure on how to claim child support. Luckily in child maintenance matters, the maintenance court is there to assist you in completing the application form. However, many times that is not enough. Especially so if the other parent has a lawyer and knows how to present the case for his or her client.
This article, however, deals with some top tips in care and contact or custody matters in the Children’s Court in Ulundi. It would explain the processes involved and advise on how to be best prepared for your matter. This advice is applicable whether you live in Ulundi or any other city in South Africa.
What to do before visiting the Ulundi Children’s Court
Before you approach the Children’s Court in Ulundi, first try to resolve the issues with the other parent. Therefore, if you want more contact with your child and the other parent is refusing, try to resolve the matter first with that parent. If that does not work, try mediation. The mediator can be anyone, from a trusted mutual friend, priest, or other religious leaders, or a professional like an attorney, psychologist, or the office of the Family Advocate. Ulundi has many professionals that can assist you in this regard. If resolving the matter by yourselves is not possible, or mediation fails, then we suggest you approach the Ulundi Children’s Court for assistance.
TIP: Focus on getting someone neutral to assist in mediating your matter. Organisations like FAMSA and FAMAC can be of assistance. Google them.
Approaching the Ulundi Children’s Court
The Ulundi Children’s Court should be approached if it is the closest Children’s Court to you. You need to verify with the Ulundi Children’s Court that you fall under their area of jurisdiction. If not, they would direct you to which Children’s Court is applicable to you.
Once you arrive at the Ulundi Children’s Court, they will provide you with a form headed “Bringing Matter to Court in Terms of Section 53 Children’s Act, 2005 (Act no. 38 of 2005) Regulation Relating to Children’s Court and International Child Abduction, 2008 [Regulation 6]. This form is also called Form 2.
In this form, you will provide all your particulars and that of the child or children and the other parent. The sections in the form are as follows:
- PART A: PARTICULARS OF CHILD(REN)
- PART B: PARTICULARS OF *CHILD WHO IS AFFECTED BY OR INVOLVED IN THE MATTER/PERSON *ACTING IN THE INTEREST OF THE CHILD/*ON BEHALF OF THE CHILD WHO CANNOT ACT IN HIS/HER OWN NAME/ *MEMBER OF A GROUP OF CLASS OF CHILDREN/*IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST (SECTION 53(2)
- PART C: PARTICULARS OF PERSONS HAVING AN INTEREST IN THE MATTER
- PART D: PARTICULARS OF MATTER
In part D, the following is stated which you need to provide in the form:
- Nature of matter brought to Court: (Please give full details of the matter e.g., registration/amendment of parenting plans, removal of child to safe care, children in need of care and protection, placement in youth care centers, adoption etc.
- Documents: Are there any documents relating to the matter? (If so please attach)
Once you have completed the form and attached the relevant documents to it, you must take it to a commissioner of Oaths to have it commissioned. It does not have to be in Ulundi.
TIP: Draft a separate affidavit explaining your case. Outline some background information and reasons why the Court should give you what you request. Attach it to Form 2.
Processing your Application at the Ulundi Children’s Court
Once you complete the Form A and submit it to the Clerk of the Ulundi Children’s Court, they will process it and allocate it a case number or reference number. The Clerk of the Court would then allocate a date to the matter and advise the parties accordingly when the court date is. Please note that some courts follow a different process for processing the application and informing the parties of the court date. Please enquire from the Court when making the application what process they follow.
TIP: Obtain the contact details of the Court for you to contact them to obtain the Court date or other information. Ask for their contact number and email address.
Appearing in the Ulundi Children’s Court
When notified of the Court date, both you and the other parent should attend. If you are making use of a lawyer (Advocate or Attorney), inform them timeously of the date. Depending on the Court, you may first see the Clerk or go directly to the Magistrate. The Children’s Court would do its best to try to resolve the matter. If the parents cannot come to an agreement, the Children’s Court may postpone the matter for either of the following:
- Get a social worker involved in the matter;
- Appoint a legal representative for the minor child;
- Implement interim care and contact arrangements;
- Having the parties attempt to agree on a parenting plan;
-
In serious matters, the Court may remove the minor child from both parents and place the child in foster care. The powers of the Children’s Court are extensive. It will, however, focus on what is in the child’s best interests.
TIP: Be as vocal as possible. Do not expect the Court to be understanding of your case or be on your side. It is your duty to explain your case and provide the Court with all the relevant information they require for them to make a fair decision.
Finalising the matter in the Ulundi Children’s Court
Once the Ulundi Children’s Court has enough information to make a final decision, it will do so. Depending on the facts of the matter, that could either be making a Parenting Plan, an Order of the Court or a final care and contact Order. The Court may even make further interim orders, where the parties are to return to Court after a few months, or a year later.
TIP: Do not agree to something just because the social worker, a lawyer, or the Court suggest it. You need to be happy with what is decided.
The above Ulundi Children’s Court Application tips should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom
Gauteng:
Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging
KwaZulu-Natal:
Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi
Limpopo:
Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi
Mpumalanga:
Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth
Western Cape:
Bellville, Ulundi, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester
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I have a maintenance order for my children – but the father of my children does not pay. Is this allowed? What can I do?
Non-compliance with Maintenance Orders — Civil and Criminal Remedies
[Updated on 12 October 2020] Many mothers (and sometimes fathers) go through great lengths to obtain a maintenance order against the other parent. This the mother found necessary as the father either did not want to pay child support at all or not an adequate amount. The mother then had to approach the maintenance court, for assistance. The process could have taken many months and sometimes, over a year to finalise. But now that she has the Order, he still does not pay. Can she do anything? Or does she only have in her possession a useless piece of paper with the word “Order” written on it? Before we tackle the above scenario, this blog post does not only deal with non-compliance with maintenance orders originating in the maintenance court. Most divorce orders made, where there were minor children involved have in it child maintenance provisions. The divorce court (High Court or Family Court) would not divorce the couple unless it is satisfied that the child’s best interests are taken care of after a decree is granted. And in many cases, the divorce could have taken months, if not years to finalised. And in those very cases, the amount of child maintenance to be paid was the stumbling block. Moving forward, this blog post would then be useful to anyone that has a maintenance order in place, and which is not being complied with. The provisions that are not being complied with may either relate to the cash component, school fees, medical aid and so on. Some maintenance orders are vague which causes problems when it comes to its enforcement. Therefore, ensure that your maintenance order is simple, and to the point.What can the mother do if the father does not pay maintenance?
There are a few routes a parent can follow when a maintenance order is not complied with. For the purpose of this article, we will presume that the Maintenance Order was granted in the Maintenance Court. If it was granted in the High Court, for example, there are other options which may, or may not be as effective as that afforded by the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998 which we deal with below. It all depends on the facts of the case. When it comes to the Maintenance Act, there are two routes. The one is the civil route, and the other, the criminal route. Let us next unpack the law.Civil Route in the Maintenance Court
The Maintenance Act
Chapter 5 of the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998 deals with the civil execution of maintenance orders. We pasted sections 26 to 30 of the Act below for your convenience. You therefore do not have to search the web and read through endless documents and sections to get to the right place. It is all here. The sections are quite long but provides useful information for someone searching the web for answers. Below that, we provide the regulations. It is always advisable to read any Act with its accompanying regulations. “26 Enforcement of maintenance or other orders (1) Whenever any person- (a) against whom any maintenance order has been made has failed to make any particular payment in accordance with that maintenance order; or (b) against whom any order for the payment of a specified sum of money has been made under section 16 (1) (a) (ii), 20 or 21 (4) has failed to make such a payment, such order shall be enforceable in respect of any amount which that person has so failed to pay, together with any interest thereon- (i) by execution against property as contemplated in section 27; (ii) by the attachment of emoluments as contemplated in section 28; or (iii) by the attachment of any debt as contemplated in section 30. (2) (a) If any maintenance order or any order made under section 16 (1) (a) (ii), 20 or 21 (4) has remained unsatisfied for a period of ten days from the day on which the relevant amount became payable or any such order was made, as the case may be, the person in whose favour any such order was made may apply to the maintenance court where that person is resident- (i) for the authorisation of the issue of a warrant of execution referred to in section 27 (1); (ii) for an order for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1); or (iii) for an order for the attachment of any debt referred to in section 30 (1). (b) The application shall be made in the prescribed manner and shall be accompanied by- (i) a copy of the maintenance or other order in question; and (ii) a statement under oath or affirmation setting forth the amount which the person against whom such order was made has failed to pay. (3) A maintenance court shall not authorise the issue of a warrant of execution or make any order for the attachment of emoluments or any debt in order to satisfy a maintenance order- (a) if the payment of maintenance in accordance with that maintenance order has been suspended by an appeal against the order under section 25; or (b) if that maintenance court has made an order referred to in section 16 (2). (4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, any pension, annuity, gratuity or compassionate allowance or other similar benefit shall be liable to be attached or subjected to execution under any warrant of execution or any order issued or made under this Chapter in order to satisfy a maintenance order. 27 Warrants of execution (1) The maintenance court may, on the application of a person referred to in section 26 (2) (a), authorise the issue of a warrant of execution against the movable property of the person against whom the maintenance or other order in question was made and, if the movable property is insufficient to satisfy such order, then against the immovable property of the latter person to the amount necessary to cover the amount which the latter person has failed to pay, together with any interest thereon, as well as the costs of the execution. (2) (a) A warrant of execution authorised under this section shall be- (i) prepared in the prescribed manner by the person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made; (ii) issued in the prescribed manner by the clerk of the maintenance court; and (iii) executed in the prescribed manner by the sheriff or maintenance investigator. (b) The person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made shall be assisted by the maintenance investigator or, in the absence of a maintenance investigator, by the maintenance officer in taking the prescribed steps to facilitate the execution of the warrant. (3) A maintenance court may, on application in the prescribed manner by a person against whom a warrant of execution has been issued under this section, set aside the warrant of execution if the maintenance court is satisfied that he or she has complied with the maintenance or other order in question. (4) A maintenance court may, on application in the prescribed manner by a person against whom a warrant of execution has been issued under this section- (a) in summary manner enquire into the circumstances mentioned in subsection (5); and (b) if the maintenance court so decides, suspend the warrant of execution and make an order- (i) for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1); or (ii) for the attachment of any debt referred to in section 30 (1). (5) At the enquiry the maintenance court shall take into consideration- (a) the existing and prospective means of the person against whom the warrant of execution has been issued; (b) the financial needs and obligations of, or in respect of, the person maintained by the person against whom the warrant of execution has been issued; (c) the conduct of the person against whom the warrant of execution has been issued in so far as it may be relevant concerning his or her failure to satisfy the maintenance or other order in question; and (d) the other circumstances which should, in the opinion of the court, be taken into consideration. (6) (a) Any person who wishes to make an application under subsection (3) or (4) shall give notice in the prescribed manner of his or her intention to make the application to the person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made, which notice shall be served at least 14 days before the day on which the application is to be heard. (b) The maintenance court may call upon- (i) the person who has made the application to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in support of his or her application as the maintenance court may consider necessary; or (ii) the person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in rebuttal of the application as the maintenance court may consider necessary. 28 Attachment of emoluments (1) A maintenance court may- (a) on the application of a person referred in section 26 (2) (a); or (b) when such court suspends the warrant of execution under section 27 (4) (b), make an order for the attachment of any emoluments at present or in future owing or accruing to the person against whom the maintenance or other order in question was made to the amount necessary to cover the amount which the latter person has failed to pay, together with any interest thereon, as well as the costs of the attachment or execution, which order shall authorise any employer of the latter person to make on behalf of the latter person such payments as may be specified in the order from the emoluments of the latter person until such amount, interest and costs have been paid in full. (2) (a) An order under this section may at any time, on good cause shown, be suspended, amended or rescinded by the maintenance court. (b) Any person who wishes to make an application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order under this section shall give notice in the prescribed manner of his or her intention to make the application to the person in whose favour that order was made, which notice shall be served at least 14 days before the day on which the application is to be heard. (c) The maintenance court may call upon- (i) the person who has made the application to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in support of his or her application as the maintenance court may consider necessary; or (ii) the person in whose favour an order under this section was made to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in rebuttal of the application as the maintenance court may consider necessary. 29 Notice relating to attachment of emoluments (1) In order to give effect to an order for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1), the maintenance officer shall, within seven days after the day on which such order was made by the maintenance court or whenever it is afterwards required, in the prescribed manner cause a notice, together with a copy of such order, to be served on the employer concerned directing that employer to make the payments specified in the notice at the times and in the manner so specified. (2) Whenever any person to whom the notice relates leaves the service of the employer, that employer shall, within seven days after the day on which he or she so leaves the service, give notice thereof in the prescribed manner to the maintenance officer of the court where the order in question was made. (3) Any employer on whom a notice has been served for the purposes of satisfying a maintenance order shall give priority to the payments specified in that notice over any order of court requiring payments to be made from the emoluments due to the person against whom that maintenance order was made. (4) If any employer on whom a notice has been served for the purposes of satisfying a maintenance order has failed to make any particular payment in accordance with that notice, that maintenance order may be enforced against that employer in respect of any amount which that employer has so failed to pay, and the provisions of this Chapter shall, with the necessary changes, apply in respect of that employer, subject to that employer’s right or the right of the person against whom that maintenance order was made to dispute the validity of the order for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1). 30 Attachment of debts (1) A maintenance court may- (a) on the application of a person referred to in section 26 (2) (a); or (b) when such court suspends the warrant of execution under section 27 (4) (b), make an order for the attachment of any debt at present or in future owing or accruing to the person against whom the maintenance or other order in question was made to the amount necessary to cover the amount which the latter person has failed to pay, together with any interest thereon, as well as the costs of the attachment or execution, which order shall direct the person who has incurred the obligation to pay the debt to make such payment as may be specified in that order within the time and in the manner so specified. (2) (a) An order under this section may at any time, on good cause shown, be suspended, amended or rescinded by the maintenance court. (b) Any person who wishes to make an application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order under this section shall give notice of his or her intention to make the application to the person in whose favour that order was made, which notice shall be served at least 14 days before the day on which the application is to be heard. (c) The maintenance court may call upon- (i) the person who has made the application to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in support of his or her application as the maintenance court may consider necessary; or (ii) the person in whose favour an order under this section was made to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in rebuttal of the application as the maintenance court may consider necessary. (3) An order made under subsection (1) may be enforced as if it were a civil judgment of the court.” The Regulations to the Maintenance Act
Chapter 3 of the Regulations to the Maintenance Act, deals with civil executions. Again, we provide it below. “Application for enforcement of maintenance or other orders- An application for –
(a) the authorisation of the issue of a warrant of execution; (b) an order for the attachment of emoluments; or (c) an order for the attachment of any debt, contemplated in section 26(2)(a) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Form K of the Annexure. Warrant of execution- (1) A warrant of execution, contemplated in section 27 of the Act, shall –
(a) substantially correspond with Form L of the Annexure; and (b) be prepared in triplicate. (2) The person in whose favour the order was made shall prepare Part A of Form L of the Annexure and thereafter lodge the said form with the clerk of the maintenance court concerned. (3) On receipt of the warrant of execution referred to in subregulation (2) the clerk of the maintenance court shall issue the warrant of execution if he or she is satisfied that (a) authorisation for the issuing of a warrant of execution was granted; and (b) the warrant of execution has been properly prepared, by preparing Part B of Form L of the Annexure. (4) The clerk of the maintenance court shall after the warrant of execution has been issued (a) return the original warrant of execution and one copy thereof to the person in whose favour the order was made; and (b) file the second copy of the warrant of execution in the relevant file. (5) Any change on the warrant of execution shall be initialled by the clerk of the maintenance court. (6) The person authorised to execute a warrant of execution shall complete Part C and, if applicable, Part D of Form L of the Annexure and return the form to the clerk of the maintenance court. Particulars of persons authorised to execute warrant of execution- A maintenance investigator or maintenance officer shall submit to the person in whose
favour the order was made particulars of the person authorised to execute the warrant of execution. Application for the setting aside of a warrant of execution- (1) An application for the setting aside of a warrant of execution by a person against
whom such warrant has been issued, contemplated in section 27(3) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form M of the Annexure. (2)(a) A notice of an application for the setting aside of a warrant of execution, contemplated in section 27(6)(a) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form M of the Annexure. (b) A person who applied for the setting aside of a warrant of execution shall submit the notice referred to in paragraph (a) to the person in whose favour the warrant of execution was issued in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted. Attachment of emoluments- (1) An application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order for the
attachment of emoluments, contemplated in section 28(2) (a) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form N of the Annexure. (2) (a) A notice of an application for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of emoluments, contemplated in section 28(2)(b) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form N of the Annexure. (b) A person who applied for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of emoluments shall submit the notice referred to in paragraph (a) to the person in whose favour the order for the attachment of emoluments was made in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted. (3)(a) A notice, contemplated in section 29(1) of the Act, to an employer shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form O of the Annexure. (b) The service of a notice referred to in paragraph (a) shall be in accordance with the provisions of regulation 26(1) or (2), as the case may be. (c) The return of service of a notice referred to in paragraph (a), if the notice is served in accordance with the provisions of regulation 26(1), shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form O of the Annexure. (4) (a) A notice, contemplated in section 29(2) of the Act, by the employer that the person against whom the order for the attachment of emoluments was made has left his or her service, shall substantially correspond with Part C of Form O of the Annexure. (b) The notice referred to in paragraph (a) shall be submitted to the maintenance officer of the court where the order was made in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted. Attachment of debts- (1) An application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order for the
attachment of debts, contemplated in section 30(2) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form P of the Annexure. (2) (a) A notice of an application for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of debts, contemplated in section 30(2) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form P of the Annexure. (b) A person who applied for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of debts shall submit a notice referred to in paragraph (a) to the person in whose favour the order for the attachment of debts was made in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted.Summary on civil execution
From the above, it is clear that when it comes to the civil route, there are three (3) options to follow in order to obtain unpaid maintenance. They are: (1) by execution against property; (2) by the attachment of emoluments (Garnishee Order); and (3) by the attachment of any debt.How do you go about making use of the civil route?
The complainant must approach the maintenance court and make the necessary application. He or she would fill in a “Form K” which is headed “APPLICATION FOR ENFORCEMENT OF MAINTENANCE OR OTHER ORDER IN TERMS OF SECTION 26 OF THE MAINTENANCE ACT, 1998 (ACT No. 99 OF 1998)”. On the application, you should write down all relevant information, including how the amount owed is calculated and the whereabouts of the defaulting party. It is advised that you go to court with proof that the monies were not paid. Therefore, if maintenance had to be paid into your bank account, take a printout of your bank statements with to show that monies were not paid. You must also state what relief you want as outlined above. Once your application is in order, and by way of example you asked for attachment of emoluments, an order may be made against the defaulter’s employer to the effect that he or she makes payment directly to you by deducting it from the defaulting party’s salary. If the defaulter is unemployed and has property, then the route to follow is to ask for the execution of property. This means that the property would be sold and what is owing to you would be paid to you. Now let us move on to the criminal route.Criminal procedure
It is a criminal offence not to adhere to a maintenance order. Furthermore, one can be convicted for that. You can be liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year or to such imprisonment without the option of a fine. This is serious. Now let us unpack the law.The Maintenance Act 99 of 1998
Chapter 4 of the Maintenance Act deals with Offences and Orders relating to prosecutions when it comes to non-compliance with maintenance orders. We copied it below for your convenience. “CHAPTER 6 OFFENCES AND PENALTIES (ss 31-39) 31 Offences relating to maintenance orders (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), any person who fails to make any particular payment in accordance with a maintenance order shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three years or to such imprisonment without the option of a fine. (2) If the defence is raised in any prosecution for an offence under this section that any failure to pay maintenance in accordance with a maintenance order was due to lack of means on the part of the person charged, he or she shall not merely on the grounds of such defence be entitled to an acquittal if it is proved that the failure was due to his or her unwillingness to work or misconduct. (3) If the name of a person stated in a maintenance order as the person against whom the maintenance order has been made corresponds substantially to the name of the particular person prosecuted for an offence under this section, any copy of the maintenance order certified as a true copy by a person who purports to be the registrar or clerk of the court or other officer having the custody of the records of the court in the Republic where the maintenance order was made, shall on its production be prima facie proof of the fact that the maintenance order was made against the person so prosecuted. (4) If a person has been convicted of an offence under this section, the maintenance officer may, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, furnish that person’s personal particulars to any business which has as its object the granting of credit or is involved in the credit rating of persons. 32 Offences relating to examination of persons by maintenance officer (1) The provisions of sections 164 (2), 188 and 189 of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977 (Act 51 of 1977), shall, with the necessary changes, apply in respect of a person required to appear before a magistrate under section 8, and the magistrate may, subject to subsection (2), exercise in respect of that person all the powers conferred by section 170 (2) of the said Act and the said section 189 on the court referred to in those sections. (2) A person who is required to appear before a magistrate and who refuses or fails to furnish the information in question shall not be sentenced to imprisonment as contemplated in section 189 of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977, unless the magistrate is also of the opinion that the furnishing of such information is necessary for the administration of justice. CHAPTER 7 ORDERS RELATING TO PROSECUTIONS (ss 40-41)
40 Recovery of arrear maintenance (1) A court with civil jurisdiction convicting any person of an offence under section 31 (1) may, on the application of the public prosecutor and in addition to or in lieu of any penalty which the court may impose in respect of that offence, grant an order for the recovery from the convicted person of any amount he or she has failed to pay in accordance with the maintenance order, together with any interest thereon, whereupon the order so granted shall have the effect of a civil judgment of the court and shall, subject to subsection (2), be executed in the prescribed manner. (2) A court granting an order against a convicted person may- (a) in a summary manner enquire into the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3); and (b) if the court so decides, authorise the issue of a warrant of execution against the movable or immovable property of the convicted person in order to satisfy such order. (3) At the enquiry, the court shall take into consideration- (a) the existing and prospective means of the convicted person; (b) the financial needs and obligations of, or in respect of, the person maintained by the convicted person; (c) the conduct of the convicted person in so far as it may be relevant concerning his or her failure to pay in accordance with the maintenance order; and (d) the other circumstances which should, in the opinion of the court, be taken into consideration. (4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, any pension, annuity, gratuity or compassionate allowance or other similar benefit shall be liable to be attached or subjected to execution under an order granted under this section. 41 Conversion of criminal proceedings into maintenance enquiry If during the course of any proceedings in a magistrate’s court in respect of- (a) an offence referred to in section 31 (1); or (b) the enforcement of any sentence suspended on condition that the convicted person make periodical payments of sums of money towards the maintenance of any other person, it appears to the court that it is desirable that a maintenance enquiry be held, or when the public prosecutor so requests, the court shall convert the proceedings into such enquiry.” Now let us move on to the regulationsRegulations to the Maintenance Act dealing with the Criminal Route
“OFFENCES AND ORDERS RELATING TO PROSECUTIONS Complaints of failure to comply with orders- A complaint regarding a failure to make a payment in accordance with a maintenance
order shall substantially correspond with Form Q of the Annexure. Recovery of arrear maintenance- (1) The clerk of the court shall submit a certified copy of an order made by the court in
terms of section 40 of the Act to the clerk of the civil court for registration of such order. (2) The clerk of the civil court shall – (a) register the order referred to in subregulation (1) by numbering it with the following consecutive case number for the year during which it is registered; and (b) inform the maintenance officer of the maintenance court where the maintenance order was made and the person in whose favour the order was made of the registration and the number of the case. (3) The provisions of the Act relating to civil execution shall, with the necessary changes, apply in respect of the execution of an order referred to in subregulation (1).”Summary of the Criminal Route
Should the person against whom a maintenance order was made, not comply with it, the party who should receive maintenance may approach the maintenance court and lay a criminal complaint. The complainant would fill in a “Form Q” headed “COMPLAINT OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH A MAINTENANCE ORDER FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 31(1) OF THE MAINTENANCE ACT, 1998 (ACT No. 99 OF 1998)”. On the form, you should state how the defaulter failed to comply with the order and also what amount is outstanding. Once you successfully laid your complaint, the maintenance court would subpoena the defaulter to the criminal courts. The defaulter has the right to legal representation prior to a trial date being arranged. Once a date has been arranged for trial you would be subpoenaed as a witness and give evidence as to the maintenance order, the outstanding amount that the defaulter failed to pay and anything else that is relevant. As the proceedings are criminal, the State would prosecute the defaulter and you would be their witness. Therefore, the public prosecutor would ask you questions and then the defaulter or his attorney or advocate will cross-examine you. If a foundation has been laid by the State, then the defaulter would get a chance to outline his defense to the court and the public prosecutor would then cross-examine him or her. Should the court find the defaulter guilty, then on the request of the “public prosecutor and in addition to or in lieu of any penalty which the court may have imposed grant an order for the recovery from the convicted person of any amount he or she has failed to pay in accordance with the maintenance order together with any interest thereon. Whereupon the order so granted shall have the effect of a civil judgment of the court…” This means that the order may be used to sell the convicted person’s property.Sharing is Caring
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Summary on civil executionRegulations to the Maintenance Act dealing with the Criminal RouteI have a maintenance order for my children – but the father of my children does not pay. Is this allowed? What can I do? Non-compliance with Maintenance Orders — Civil and Criminal Remedies [Updated on 12 October 2020] Many mothers (and sometimes fathers) go through great lengths to obtain Continue Reading