Please advice. I am a divorced father of 5 children. My take home salary is R16000 a month and my ex wife’s take home is R26000 a month. I am paying the following: kids medical aid R5000 whilst she’s only alone in her medical aid Car installment R4600 a month Continue Reading
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Factors to consider when searching for child custody, divorce or child maintenance lawyers?
[caption id="attachment_8801" align="alignleft" width="260"]
Child Custody Lawyer, Divorce Lawyer, Cape Town[/caption] Not all lawyers are the same. Just as not all doctors are the same. You won’t go to a medical doctor who is a foot specialist (podiatrist) if you have a skin problem. For that, you will see a Dermatologist. This you would do, even if the podiatrist knows a bit about skin illnesses and diseases and is, nonetheless, a medical doctor. The same principles apply to the law and to lawyers. Various lawyers specialise in various fields of law. Some know more, and some know less. You won’t meet with a property lawyer if you have been accused of medical malpractice; or would you? You get the point we are trying to bring across. 
Factors to consider when enlisting legal service from a legal practitioner
There are Important factors to consider when employing, or enlisting the services of a lawyer (attorney, advocate, legal consultant, etc.) A few of these factors as follows:Location of the lawyer
This is not always an issue as the advice can be provided via a video call or telephonically. If it comes to litigation, it may be an issue. If you live in Cape Town and the lawyer in Johannesburg, there would be additional traveling costs to consider.The Cost or Fee of the Lawyer
Not all legal practitioners charge the same for their services. Depending on the years of experience of the lawyer, he or she would charge a higher or lower fee. The same applies to his or her expertise. If he or she is an expert in a certain field of law, the fee may be higher than a generalist attorney. Therefore, if you do not need expert advice, consult with an advocate or attorney with enough experience to be able to assist you. [caption id="attachment_8800" align="alignleft" width="269"]
Child Custody Lawyer, Divorce Lawyer, Cape Town[/caption]Gender of the Attorney or Advocate
There is not much that can be said about this factor. Some people prefer one gender over the other. The bottom line is to be comfortable with the person you are consulting with. Many times, especially in litigation, you may see your lawyer a few times a month for up to two (2) years.Availability of your lawyer
Some lawyers are extremely busy and in demand. Ensure that the lawyer you are making use of has the time to attend to your matter expeditiously.Experience of the lawyer
There is no substitute for experience. If your matter is simple, then experience may not be a big issue. If your matter is complicated, more experience is required. Obviously, as outlined above, with experience, there comes a higher price tag.The language which is spoken by the lawyer
It may be a good idea to make use of a lawyer who speaks your first language. If there is a language barrier, the lawyer may assume certain facts. The same applies to the client.Don’t speak to me, speak to my lawyer
You often hear the phrase, “do not speak to me, speak to my lawyer.” This phrase although popular may only be useful in certain circumstances. Unless you have many lawyers at your disposal or one that knows it all an is an expert in all areas of law, it won’t always be a good referral. Chanting that phrase may not be a good idea.Professional services come at a fee
Not everyone can afford the services of a lawyer (attorney or advocate). Legal practitioners are trained professionals, who would charge a fee for their time and services. The same as any professional or business would charge. Luckily the law does not force one to make use of an attorney or advocate when appearing in court or dealing with legal matters. You can represent yourself in a legal matter or conduct your own defense. But please, at no point do we say you should not seek legal advice or assistance. If you can afford it, or have access to it, obtaining sound legal advice and assistance in a matter is invaluable. Now let us move on to apply the aforementioned principles to sourcing a lawyer in relation to children matters. Here we are referring to matters regarding child custody, guardianship, maintenance and so on.Matters regarding children
When it comes to matters regarding minor children, the same principles as above apply. Maybe more so, as children are represented by adults in litigation. Most of the time it’s their parents, and sometimes, their caregivers. Sound legal advice is therefore paramount. If you have access to or can afford the services of a lawyer, it is important that you make use of an experienced and knowledgeable family law practitioner. There are many subbranches of family law. For example, a divorce lawyer may not deal with issues regarding relocation or passport application consent. Some legal practitioners practice commercial law, criminal law, and others, property law. Although one can always learn the law, making use of a legal practitioner with limited experience in a family law matter could cost you your case.Where to find a family law practitioner?
The internet is always a good place to start. Many law firms and consultancies have websites showcasing their experience and services. Sometimes you will hear of a law firm on the radio, or on social media. Word of mouth is also a good source. Notwithstanding where you find the details of a legal practitioner, you would like to find out if he or she is the right person for your case.Questions to ask a lawyer at your first meeting
The most important thing to determine from your lawyer is whether not he or she is capable of handling the matter at hand. If the matter is simple, then an expert in litigation would not be appropriate. However, if your matter calls for a court of law to make a decision on the matter, then a legal practitioner who has sufficient experience in litigation would be appropriate. This would be especially so when dealing with an urgent child custody matter. Therefore, you need to ensure that the lawyer you are consulting with is the type of lawyer you will require.Practical example on which lawyer to source
Let’s say you are involved in a custody dispute. You and the other parent of the child just separated. The other parent now decides to leave the country with a minor child without your consent. Let’s say, in this case, it is the mother. Only the mother’s name is on the birth certificate. She books the ticket for her and the child and tells the authorities she does not know who the father is. She is therefore set to leave the country the next day. The father hears about this and does not want the child to leave the Republic of South Africa. He has full parental responsibilities and rights as he was actively involved in the child’s life since her birth. In this case, an urgent court application should be made. Here an experienced attorney and advocate should be approached to stop the mother from leaving the country with the minor child. After the lawyers stopped the mother from leaving the country, a few days later, she applies for child maintenance. Both parents are salary earners, and the child’s’ expenses are basic. Under these circumstances, a reasonably experienced legal practitioner would be appropriate. They are many other factors to consider when employing the services of a lawyer. This would depend on the nature of your case. We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws
Factors to consider when searching for child custody, divorce or child maintenance lawyers? Not all lawyers are the same. Just as not all doctors are the same. You won’t go to a medical doctor who is a foot specialist (podiatrist) if you have a skin problem. For that, you will Continue Reading
The plight and fight of unmarried fathers in obtaining primary care (custody) of their children in South Africa. Can the battle be won, and what are their rights?
By Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf (LL.B LL.M) There is a common misconception that if a child was born out of wedlock, only the mother can be the primary caregiver of the child concerned. This may however generally be the case. However, it is presumed by some that if a mother cared for the child since his or her birth, the father would not be able to be the child’s primary caregiver. In other words, the child would no longer live with the mother, but with the father. We do not blame our clients for thinking so. That is the stereotype. However, as the world changes, so does the law. We are often approached by fathers who have a child that was born out of wedlock. He and the mother most probably lived together when the child was born. But things did not work out between them. The mother moved out and lived with her parents or on her own. The father would then regularly have contact with the child. The type of contact would be decided by the mother. Now the question is, even if the child is 10 years old, is it theoretically possible for the child to be cared for by the father and live with him primarily? The answer to that is yes. This is so, as the law looks at what is best for the child concerned.What is the best interests of the child principle when it comes to parenting?
Both the South African Constitution and the Children’s Act, says that the child’s best interests are given priority. In other words, a child’s best interests are of paramount importance in matters relating to it. Therefore, for one to assume at the outset, that only mothers are the best primary caregivers, it is not only incorrect but potentially dangerous when dealing in children matters. The law expects us to look at all factors, not only who historically looked after the child, but also, the possibility of whether the father can better care for the child go forward. Also, as the child’s best interests are of paramount importance, deciding as to whether or not to move a child from the primary care of a mother to that of the father should not be done lightly. Therefore, even if the father 10 years later, can on the face of it care better for the child than the mother, this should not be the deciding factor. One would need to look at the emotional and psychological impact it would have on the child as well. What would be an ideal situation where moving the child from the mother to the father would be warranted?
In our view, material comforts are not reason enough to move a child from the primary care of a mother to that of a father. If the father is a wealthy person, and the mother not, he can be ordered to pay more child support towards the child’s expenses. However, if the child is of a certain age, and he needs to have certain living conditions, and the father has it, then that would be a possible factor. For example, if the child is a gifted swimmer, 17 years old and in matric, a need to train consistently, then it makes sense that the father’s living amenities may be an important factor to justify the movement of the child.Drug Abuse, Alcohol Abuse, and Mental Illness. Are these factors?
Then there is the obvious reason to move the child from the primary care of the mother to that of the father. This would be because the mother is incapable of caring for the minor child. She may have developed a mental illness, become an uncontrollable alcoholic, or addicted to illegal drugs. However, this alone does not automatically call for the father to be the minor child’s primary caregiver. It must first be determined that he can in fact care for the child. If the father only had supervised contact with the minor child and has his own issues, then in such a case, it may be better if the child is placed in foster care.So it all depends on the facts and circumstances of the child and parents?
What we are attempting to demonstrate above is that depending on the facts and circumstances, it may be best that a child is moved from the care of a mother who cared for the child since birth, and be placed in the care of the father. The circumstances do not necessarily have to be serious like alcoholism a drug abuse on the part of the mother. Other reasons could be the academic needs, or the preference of the child, depending on his or her age. What can a father do if he wants to have primary care of his 10-year-old child? As stated above, the law looks at what is best for the child when it comes to who is to be the primary caregiver. It is just not there for the taking. If the parents can agree to a change of primary care, then the law would in most instances respect such a decision. However, if they cannot agree, the father would have to approach the competent court. But before doing so, he should attempt to mediate the matter.What about the Child Care expert’s recommendations (Social worker, psychologist, Office of the Family Advocate)?
If mediation fails, and the matter proceeds to court, the court may decide to call on child care experts to assist the court in the matter. A social worker, psychologist, or the office of the family advocate may be appointed to provide a report and recommendations to the court. The court would only be guided by this document. In other words, the court would not be bound by the recommendations of the experts. If the court determines based on all the facts of the matter, that it would be in the minor child’s best interests for the father to have primary care; the court would then so order it. Therefore, in answering the question posed above; yes, an unmarried father in South Africa can obtain full custody of a 10-year-old child. This depends on the facts of the matter of course. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, Advocate of the High Court of South Africa Member of the Legal Practice Council We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws
The plight and fight of unmarried fathers in obtaining primary care (custody) of their children in South Africa. Can the battle be won, and what are their rights? By Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf (LL.B LL.M) There is a common misconception that if a child was born out of wedlock, only the Continue Reading
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Springs.
Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty to pay child maintenance and support their children. Once the child is self-supporting (being able to care for him or herself), the obligation falls away. This can happen when the child is 18, 20, or even 30. It all depends on the circumstances of the case.
Claiming child maintenance for your child in Springs
Whether you claim child maintenance in Springs, or any other city in South Africa, the procedures would be the same. There are however two (2) courts that can deal with child maintenance matters. That is a divorce court, in a divorce matter, and a Child Maintenance Court. For this article, we will focus on claiming maintenance in a Maintenance Court matter in Springs.
The maintenance scenario – Springs South Africa
In this article, we will deal with the following fictitious scenario, in a child maintenance matter:
- The Child is seven years old and attends school in Springs
- The child is cared for by the mother who works in Springs
- The mother works and earns a Salary of R 10 000
- The father sees the child every second weekend. He also lives and works in Springs
- The child’s monthly expenses are R 6000 – 00 which includes food, clothing, accommodation, education, travel etc.
- The father earns a reasonable salary and can afford the R 20 000 – 00 per month
- The mother claims R 4 000 – 00 maintenance as the father earns double her salary
What is the first step the mother must take in claiming child maintenance?
The first thing the mother must do is work out exactly what the child costs by item. She breaks down the minor child’s living expenses, starting from rent or accommodation to groceries to school fees etc. Once she has done that, she would need to determine what exactly does the minor child cost per month, seeing that she will be asking the father to contribute towards that. As best as possible, she needs to collect proof of expenses. This can be in the form of receipts.
How does she start the legal process?
The mother now needs to approach the maintenance court in the area where she lives or works to lodge a complaint for child maintenance. If she lives or works in Springs, it would be the maintenance court in Springs. She will complete a Form A wherein she will provide all the expenses for her and the minor child. She would also have to stipulate her income. Once she completed the form and submitted it to the maintenance court, she must then follow the next step.
What do you do while waiting for the maintenance court date?
While you wait to be informed of the court date by the Maintenance Court of Springs, and up until the actual first court date, you need to ensure that you keep a record of all income and expenses for you and the child. This is very important as the court allocates maintenance based on recent income and expenses.
What happens at the first court appearance at the Springs Maintenance Court?
Once you have been notified of the maintenance court date by the Springs Maintenance Court, you need to ensure that you attend it. On that day, both you and the father of the child would appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer would go through both your income and expenses as well as that of the father. If all the relevant information is not before the maintenance court, then the matter may be postponed in order for the parties to submit it.
The maintenance officer will try to settle the matter and have the parents come to an agreement regarding the amount of child maintenance to be paid. If they cannot come to an agreement regarding the child maintenance to be paid, the matter would have to proceed to a formal hearing or trial before a Magistrate.
How does the Maintenance Court hearing or trial work in Springs?
Essentially, the maintenance court is called upon to make a fair ruling regarding what is a fair amount of child support that needs to be paid. For that to happen, the parents would have to give evidence in that regard. The mother would present to the court what the child costs, what she contributes and what she requires the other parent to pay. The Father would have a right to question the mother and to present evidence as to why he cannot afford the amount requested or why he feels it is an unfair amount. The mother can they also question him.
At the end of the day, the Springs Maintenance Court would be able to properly determine what is a fair and adequate amount of child maintenance to pay after being presented will all relevant information. The Springs Maintenance Court should play an active role in determining what is a fair amount of child maintenance the father should pay.
The above child maintenance application principles should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom
Gauteng:
Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging
KwaZulu-Natal:
Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi
Limpopo:
Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi
Mpumalanga:
Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth
Western Cape:
Bellville, Springs, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Springs. Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty Continue Reading
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Ulundi.
Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty to pay child maintenance and support their children. Once the child is self-supporting (being able to care for him or herself), the obligation falls away. This can happen when the child is 18, 20, or even 30. It all depends on the circumstances of the case.
Claiming child maintenance for your child in Ulundi
Whether you claim child maintenance in Ulundi, or any other city in South Africa, the procedures would be the same. There are however two (2) courts that can deal with child maintenance matters. That is a divorce court, in a divorce matter, and a Child Maintenance Court. For this article, we will focus on claiming maintenance in a Maintenance Court matter in Ulundi.
The maintenance scenario – Ulundi South Africa
In this article, we will deal with the following fictitious scenario, in a child maintenance matter:
- The Child is seven years old and attends school in Ulundi
- The child is cared for by the mother who works in Ulundi
- The mother works and earns a Salary of R 10 000
- The father sees the child every second weekend. He also lives and works in Ulundi
- The child’s monthly expenses are R 6000 – 00 which includes food, clothing, accommodation, education, travel etc.
- The father earns a reasonable salary and can afford the R 20 000 – 00 per month
- The mother claims R 4 000 – 00 maintenance as the father earns double her salary
What is the first step the mother must take in claiming child maintenance?
The first thing the mother must do is work out exactly what the child costs by item. She breaks down the minor child’s living expenses, starting from rent or accommodation to groceries to school fees etc. Once she has done that, she would need to determine what exactly does the minor child cost per month, seeing that she will be asking the father to contribute towards that. As best as possible, she needs to collect proof of expenses. This can be in the form of receipts.
How does she start the legal process?
The mother now needs to approach the maintenance court in the area where she lives or works to lodge a complaint for child maintenance. If she lives or works in Ulundi, it would be the maintenance court in Ulundi. She will complete a Form A wherein she will provide all the expenses for her and the minor child. She would also have to stipulate her income. Once she completed the form and submitted it to the maintenance court, she must then follow the next step.
What do you do while waiting for the maintenance court date?
While you wait to be informed of the court date by the Maintenance Court of Ulundi, and up until the actual first court date, you need to ensure that you keep a record of all income and expenses for you and the child. This is very important as the court allocates maintenance based on recent income and expenses.
What happens at the first court appearance at the Ulundi Maintenance Court?
Once you have been notified of the maintenance court date by the Ulundi Maintenance Court, you need to ensure that you attend it. On that day, both you and the father of the child would appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer would go through both your income and expenses as well as that of the father. If all the relevant information is not before the maintenance court, then the matter may be postponed in order for the parties to submit it.
The maintenance officer will try to settle the matter and have the parents come to an agreement regarding the amount of child maintenance to be paid. If they cannot come to an agreement regarding the child maintenance to be paid, the matter would have to proceed to a formal hearing or trial before a Magistrate.
How does the Maintenance Court hearing or trial work in Ulundi?
Essentially, the maintenance court is called upon to make a fair ruling regarding what is a fair amount of child support that needs to be paid. For that to happen, the parents would have to give evidence in that regard. The mother would present to the court what the child costs, what she contributes and what she requires the other parent to pay. The Father would have a right to question the mother and to present evidence as to why he cannot afford the amount requested or why he feels it is an unfair amount. The mother can they also question him.
At the end of the day, the Ulundi Maintenance Court would be able to properly determine what is a fair and adequate amount of child maintenance to pay after being presented will all relevant information. The Ulundi Maintenance Court should play an active role in determining what is a fair amount of child maintenance the father should pay.
The above child maintenance application principles should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom
Gauteng:
Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging
KwaZulu-Natal:
Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi
Limpopo:
Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi
Mpumalanga:
Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth
Western Cape:
Bellville, Ulundi, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester
Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Ulundi. Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty Continue Reading
Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Ulundi Children’s Court
Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Ulundi or any other city in South Africa. Especially so if you have no idea how the legal processes work. It is one thing to know that you are entitled to child support, but it is a totally different matter to know the law and procedure on how to claim child support. Luckily in child maintenance matters, the maintenance court is there to assist you in completing the application form. However, many times that is not enough. Especially so if the other parent has a lawyer and knows how to present the case for his or her client.
This article, however, deals with some top tips in care and contact or custody matters in the Children’s Court in Ulundi. It would explain the processes involved and advise on how to be best prepared for your matter. This advice is applicable whether you live in Ulundi or any other city in South Africa.
What to do before visiting the Ulundi Children’s Court
Before you approach the Children’s Court in Ulundi, first try to resolve the issues with the other parent. Therefore, if you want more contact with your child and the other parent is refusing, try to resolve the matter first with that parent. If that does not work, try mediation. The mediator can be anyone, from a trusted mutual friend, priest, or other religious leaders, or a professional like an attorney, psychologist, or the office of the Family Advocate. Ulundi has many professionals that can assist you in this regard. If resolving the matter by yourselves is not possible, or mediation fails, then we suggest you approach the Ulundi Children’s Court for assistance.
TIP: Focus on getting someone neutral to assist in mediating your matter. Organisations like FAMSA and FAMAC can be of assistance. Google them.
Approaching the Ulundi Children’s Court
The Ulundi Children’s Court should be approached if it is the closest Children’s Court to you. You need to verify with the Ulundi Children’s Court that you fall under their area of jurisdiction. If not, they would direct you to which Children’s Court is applicable to you.
Once you arrive at the Ulundi Children’s Court, they will provide you with a form headed “Bringing Matter to Court in Terms of Section 53 Children’s Act, 2005 (Act no. 38 of 2005) Regulation Relating to Children’s Court and International Child Abduction, 2008 [Regulation 6]. This form is also called Form 2.
In this form, you will provide all your particulars and that of the child or children and the other parent. The sections in the form are as follows:
- PART A: PARTICULARS OF CHILD(REN)
- PART B: PARTICULARS OF *CHILD WHO IS AFFECTED BY OR INVOLVED IN THE MATTER/PERSON *ACTING IN THE INTEREST OF THE CHILD/*ON BEHALF OF THE CHILD WHO CANNOT ACT IN HIS/HER OWN NAME/ *MEMBER OF A GROUP OF CLASS OF CHILDREN/*IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST (SECTION 53(2)
- PART C: PARTICULARS OF PERSONS HAVING AN INTEREST IN THE MATTER
- PART D: PARTICULARS OF MATTER
In part D, the following is stated which you need to provide in the form:
- Nature of matter brought to Court: (Please give full details of the matter e.g., registration/amendment of parenting plans, removal of child to safe care, children in need of care and protection, placement in youth care centers, adoption etc.
- Documents: Are there any documents relating to the matter? (If so please attach)
Once you have completed the form and attached the relevant documents to it, you must take it to a commissioner of Oaths to have it commissioned. It does not have to be in Ulundi.
TIP: Draft a separate affidavit explaining your case. Outline some background information and reasons why the Court should give you what you request. Attach it to Form 2.
Processing your Application at the Ulundi Children’s Court
Once you complete the Form A and submit it to the Clerk of the Ulundi Children’s Court, they will process it and allocate it a case number or reference number. The Clerk of the Court would then allocate a date to the matter and advise the parties accordingly when the court date is. Please note that some courts follow a different process for processing the application and informing the parties of the court date. Please enquire from the Court when making the application what process they follow.
TIP: Obtain the contact details of the Court for you to contact them to obtain the Court date or other information. Ask for their contact number and email address.
Appearing in the Ulundi Children’s Court
When notified of the Court date, both you and the other parent should attend. If you are making use of a lawyer (Advocate or Attorney), inform them timeously of the date. Depending on the Court, you may first see the Clerk or go directly to the Magistrate. The Children’s Court would do its best to try to resolve the matter. If the parents cannot come to an agreement, the Children’s Court may postpone the matter for either of the following:
- Get a social worker involved in the matter;
- Appoint a legal representative for the minor child;
- Implement interim care and contact arrangements;
- Having the parties attempt to agree on a parenting plan;
-
In serious matters, the Court may remove the minor child from both parents and place the child in foster care. The powers of the Children’s Court are extensive. It will, however, focus on what is in the child’s best interests.
TIP: Be as vocal as possible. Do not expect the Court to be understanding of your case or be on your side. It is your duty to explain your case and provide the Court with all the relevant information they require for them to make a fair decision.
Finalising the matter in the Ulundi Children’s Court
Once the Ulundi Children’s Court has enough information to make a final decision, it will do so. Depending on the facts of the matter, that could either be making a Parenting Plan, an Order of the Court or a final care and contact Order. The Court may even make further interim orders, where the parties are to return to Court after a few months, or a year later.
TIP: Do not agree to something just because the social worker, a lawyer, or the Court suggest it. You need to be happy with what is decided.
The above Ulundi Children’s Court Application tips should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom
Gauteng:
Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging
KwaZulu-Natal:
Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi
Limpopo:
Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi
Mpumalanga:
Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth
Western Cape:
Bellville, Ulundi, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester
Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Ulundi Children’s Court Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Ulundi or any other city in South Africa. Especially so if you Continue Reading
I have a maintenance order for my children – but the father of my children does not pay. Is this allowed? What can I do?
Non-compliance with Maintenance Orders — Civil and Criminal Remedies
[Updated on 12 October 2020] Many mothers (and sometimes fathers) go through great lengths to obtain a maintenance order against the other parent. This the mother found necessary as the father either did not want to pay child support at all or not an adequate amount. The mother then had to approach the maintenance court, for assistance. The process could have taken many months and sometimes, over a year to finalise. But now that she has the Order, he still does not pay. Can she do anything? Or does she only have in her possession a useless piece of paper with the word “Order” written on it? Before we tackle the above scenario, this blog post does not only deal with non-compliance with maintenance orders originating in the maintenance court. Most divorce orders made, where there were minor children involved have in it child maintenance provisions. The divorce court (High Court or Family Court) would not divorce the couple unless it is satisfied that the child’s best interests are taken care of after a decree is granted. And in many cases, the divorce could have taken months, if not years to finalised. And in those very cases, the amount of child maintenance to be paid was the stumbling block. Moving forward, this blog post would then be useful to anyone that has a maintenance order in place, and which is not being complied with. The provisions that are not being complied with may either relate to the cash component, school fees, medical aid and so on. Some maintenance orders are vague which causes problems when it comes to its enforcement. Therefore, ensure that your maintenance order is simple, and to the point.What can the mother do if the father does not pay maintenance?
There are a few routes a parent can follow when a maintenance order is not complied with. For the purpose of this article, we will presume that the Maintenance Order was granted in the Maintenance Court. If it was granted in the High Court, for example, there are other options which may, or may not be as effective as that afforded by the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998 which we deal with below. It all depends on the facts of the case. When it comes to the Maintenance Act, there are two routes. The one is the civil route, and the other, the criminal route. Let us next unpack the law.Civil Route in the Maintenance Court
The Maintenance Act
Chapter 5 of the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998 deals with the civil execution of maintenance orders. We pasted sections 26 to 30 of the Act below for your convenience. You therefore do not have to search the web and read through endless documents and sections to get to the right place. It is all here. The sections are quite long but provides useful information for someone searching the web for answers. Below that, we provide the regulations. It is always advisable to read any Act with its accompanying regulations. “26 Enforcement of maintenance or other orders (1) Whenever any person- (a) against whom any maintenance order has been made has failed to make any particular payment in accordance with that maintenance order; or (b) against whom any order for the payment of a specified sum of money has been made under section 16 (1) (a) (ii), 20 or 21 (4) has failed to make such a payment, such order shall be enforceable in respect of any amount which that person has so failed to pay, together with any interest thereon- (i) by execution against property as contemplated in section 27; (ii) by the attachment of emoluments as contemplated in section 28; or (iii) by the attachment of any debt as contemplated in section 30. (2) (a) If any maintenance order or any order made under section 16 (1) (a) (ii), 20 or 21 (4) has remained unsatisfied for a period of ten days from the day on which the relevant amount became payable or any such order was made, as the case may be, the person in whose favour any such order was made may apply to the maintenance court where that person is resident- (i) for the authorisation of the issue of a warrant of execution referred to in section 27 (1); (ii) for an order for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1); or (iii) for an order for the attachment of any debt referred to in section 30 (1). (b) The application shall be made in the prescribed manner and shall be accompanied by- (i) a copy of the maintenance or other order in question; and (ii) a statement under oath or affirmation setting forth the amount which the person against whom such order was made has failed to pay. (3) A maintenance court shall not authorise the issue of a warrant of execution or make any order for the attachment of emoluments or any debt in order to satisfy a maintenance order- (a) if the payment of maintenance in accordance with that maintenance order has been suspended by an appeal against the order under section 25; or (b) if that maintenance court has made an order referred to in section 16 (2). (4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, any pension, annuity, gratuity or compassionate allowance or other similar benefit shall be liable to be attached or subjected to execution under any warrant of execution or any order issued or made under this Chapter in order to satisfy a maintenance order. 27 Warrants of execution (1) The maintenance court may, on the application of a person referred to in section 26 (2) (a), authorise the issue of a warrant of execution against the movable property of the person against whom the maintenance or other order in question was made and, if the movable property is insufficient to satisfy such order, then against the immovable property of the latter person to the amount necessary to cover the amount which the latter person has failed to pay, together with any interest thereon, as well as the costs of the execution. (2) (a) A warrant of execution authorised under this section shall be- (i) prepared in the prescribed manner by the person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made; (ii) issued in the prescribed manner by the clerk of the maintenance court; and (iii) executed in the prescribed manner by the sheriff or maintenance investigator. (b) The person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made shall be assisted by the maintenance investigator or, in the absence of a maintenance investigator, by the maintenance officer in taking the prescribed steps to facilitate the execution of the warrant. (3) A maintenance court may, on application in the prescribed manner by a person against whom a warrant of execution has been issued under this section, set aside the warrant of execution if the maintenance court is satisfied that he or she has complied with the maintenance or other order in question. (4) A maintenance court may, on application in the prescribed manner by a person against whom a warrant of execution has been issued under this section- (a) in summary manner enquire into the circumstances mentioned in subsection (5); and (b) if the maintenance court so decides, suspend the warrant of execution and make an order- (i) for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1); or (ii) for the attachment of any debt referred to in section 30 (1). (5) At the enquiry the maintenance court shall take into consideration- (a) the existing and prospective means of the person against whom the warrant of execution has been issued; (b) the financial needs and obligations of, or in respect of, the person maintained by the person against whom the warrant of execution has been issued; (c) the conduct of the person against whom the warrant of execution has been issued in so far as it may be relevant concerning his or her failure to satisfy the maintenance or other order in question; and (d) the other circumstances which should, in the opinion of the court, be taken into consideration. (6) (a) Any person who wishes to make an application under subsection (3) or (4) shall give notice in the prescribed manner of his or her intention to make the application to the person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made, which notice shall be served at least 14 days before the day on which the application is to be heard. (b) The maintenance court may call upon- (i) the person who has made the application to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in support of his or her application as the maintenance court may consider necessary; or (ii) the person in whose favour the maintenance or other order in question was made to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in rebuttal of the application as the maintenance court may consider necessary. 28 Attachment of emoluments (1) A maintenance court may- (a) on the application of a person referred in section 26 (2) (a); or (b) when such court suspends the warrant of execution under section 27 (4) (b), make an order for the attachment of any emoluments at present or in future owing or accruing to the person against whom the maintenance or other order in question was made to the amount necessary to cover the amount which the latter person has failed to pay, together with any interest thereon, as well as the costs of the attachment or execution, which order shall authorise any employer of the latter person to make on behalf of the latter person such payments as may be specified in the order from the emoluments of the latter person until such amount, interest and costs have been paid in full. (2) (a) An order under this section may at any time, on good cause shown, be suspended, amended or rescinded by the maintenance court. (b) Any person who wishes to make an application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order under this section shall give notice in the prescribed manner of his or her intention to make the application to the person in whose favour that order was made, which notice shall be served at least 14 days before the day on which the application is to be heard. (c) The maintenance court may call upon- (i) the person who has made the application to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in support of his or her application as the maintenance court may consider necessary; or (ii) the person in whose favour an order under this section was made to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in rebuttal of the application as the maintenance court may consider necessary. 29 Notice relating to attachment of emoluments (1) In order to give effect to an order for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1), the maintenance officer shall, within seven days after the day on which such order was made by the maintenance court or whenever it is afterwards required, in the prescribed manner cause a notice, together with a copy of such order, to be served on the employer concerned directing that employer to make the payments specified in the notice at the times and in the manner so specified. (2) Whenever any person to whom the notice relates leaves the service of the employer, that employer shall, within seven days after the day on which he or she so leaves the service, give notice thereof in the prescribed manner to the maintenance officer of the court where the order in question was made. (3) Any employer on whom a notice has been served for the purposes of satisfying a maintenance order shall give priority to the payments specified in that notice over any order of court requiring payments to be made from the emoluments due to the person against whom that maintenance order was made. (4) If any employer on whom a notice has been served for the purposes of satisfying a maintenance order has failed to make any particular payment in accordance with that notice, that maintenance order may be enforced against that employer in respect of any amount which that employer has so failed to pay, and the provisions of this Chapter shall, with the necessary changes, apply in respect of that employer, subject to that employer’s right or the right of the person against whom that maintenance order was made to dispute the validity of the order for the attachment of emoluments referred to in section 28 (1). 30 Attachment of debts (1) A maintenance court may- (a) on the application of a person referred to in section 26 (2) (a); or (b) when such court suspends the warrant of execution under section 27 (4) (b), make an order for the attachment of any debt at present or in future owing or accruing to the person against whom the maintenance or other order in question was made to the amount necessary to cover the amount which the latter person has failed to pay, together with any interest thereon, as well as the costs of the attachment or execution, which order shall direct the person who has incurred the obligation to pay the debt to make such payment as may be specified in that order within the time and in the manner so specified. (2) (a) An order under this section may at any time, on good cause shown, be suspended, amended or rescinded by the maintenance court. (b) Any person who wishes to make an application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order under this section shall give notice of his or her intention to make the application to the person in whose favour that order was made, which notice shall be served at least 14 days before the day on which the application is to be heard. (c) The maintenance court may call upon- (i) the person who has made the application to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in support of his or her application as the maintenance court may consider necessary; or (ii) the person in whose favour an order under this section was made to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in rebuttal of the application as the maintenance court may consider necessary. (3) An order made under subsection (1) may be enforced as if it were a civil judgment of the court.” The Regulations to the Maintenance Act
Chapter 3 of the Regulations to the Maintenance Act, deals with civil executions. Again, we provide it below. “Application for enforcement of maintenance or other orders- An application for –
(a) the authorisation of the issue of a warrant of execution; (b) an order for the attachment of emoluments; or (c) an order for the attachment of any debt, contemplated in section 26(2)(a) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Form K of the Annexure. Warrant of execution- (1) A warrant of execution, contemplated in section 27 of the Act, shall –
(a) substantially correspond with Form L of the Annexure; and (b) be prepared in triplicate. (2) The person in whose favour the order was made shall prepare Part A of Form L of the Annexure and thereafter lodge the said form with the clerk of the maintenance court concerned. (3) On receipt of the warrant of execution referred to in subregulation (2) the clerk of the maintenance court shall issue the warrant of execution if he or she is satisfied that (a) authorisation for the issuing of a warrant of execution was granted; and (b) the warrant of execution has been properly prepared, by preparing Part B of Form L of the Annexure. (4) The clerk of the maintenance court shall after the warrant of execution has been issued (a) return the original warrant of execution and one copy thereof to the person in whose favour the order was made; and (b) file the second copy of the warrant of execution in the relevant file. (5) Any change on the warrant of execution shall be initialled by the clerk of the maintenance court. (6) The person authorised to execute a warrant of execution shall complete Part C and, if applicable, Part D of Form L of the Annexure and return the form to the clerk of the maintenance court. Particulars of persons authorised to execute warrant of execution- A maintenance investigator or maintenance officer shall submit to the person in whose
favour the order was made particulars of the person authorised to execute the warrant of execution. Application for the setting aside of a warrant of execution- (1) An application for the setting aside of a warrant of execution by a person against
whom such warrant has been issued, contemplated in section 27(3) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form M of the Annexure. (2)(a) A notice of an application for the setting aside of a warrant of execution, contemplated in section 27(6)(a) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form M of the Annexure. (b) A person who applied for the setting aside of a warrant of execution shall submit the notice referred to in paragraph (a) to the person in whose favour the warrant of execution was issued in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted. Attachment of emoluments- (1) An application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order for the
attachment of emoluments, contemplated in section 28(2) (a) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form N of the Annexure. (2) (a) A notice of an application for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of emoluments, contemplated in section 28(2)(b) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form N of the Annexure. (b) A person who applied for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of emoluments shall submit the notice referred to in paragraph (a) to the person in whose favour the order for the attachment of emoluments was made in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted. (3)(a) A notice, contemplated in section 29(1) of the Act, to an employer shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form O of the Annexure. (b) The service of a notice referred to in paragraph (a) shall be in accordance with the provisions of regulation 26(1) or (2), as the case may be. (c) The return of service of a notice referred to in paragraph (a), if the notice is served in accordance with the provisions of regulation 26(1), shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form O of the Annexure. (4) (a) A notice, contemplated in section 29(2) of the Act, by the employer that the person against whom the order for the attachment of emoluments was made has left his or her service, shall substantially correspond with Part C of Form O of the Annexure. (b) The notice referred to in paragraph (a) shall be submitted to the maintenance officer of the court where the order was made in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted. Attachment of debts- (1) An application for the suspension, amendment or rescission of an order for the
attachment of debts, contemplated in section 30(2) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part A of Form P of the Annexure. (2) (a) A notice of an application for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of debts, contemplated in section 30(2) of the Act, shall substantially correspond with Part B of Form P of the Annexure. (b) A person who applied for the suspension, amendment or recission of an order for the attachment of debts shall submit a notice referred to in paragraph (a) to the person in whose favour the order for the attachment of debts was made in any manner convenient to him or her, subject thereto that the person who submits the notice shall keep record of the manner in which the notice was submitted.Summary on civil execution
From the above, it is clear that when it comes to the civil route, there are three (3) options to follow in order to obtain unpaid maintenance. They are: (1) by execution against property; (2) by the attachment of emoluments (Garnishee Order); and (3) by the attachment of any debt.How do you go about making use of the civil route?
The complainant must approach the maintenance court and make the necessary application. He or she would fill in a “Form K” which is headed “APPLICATION FOR ENFORCEMENT OF MAINTENANCE OR OTHER ORDER IN TERMS OF SECTION 26 OF THE MAINTENANCE ACT, 1998 (ACT No. 99 OF 1998)”. On the application, you should write down all relevant information, including how the amount owed is calculated and the whereabouts of the defaulting party. It is advised that you go to court with proof that the monies were not paid. Therefore, if maintenance had to be paid into your bank account, take a printout of your bank statements with to show that monies were not paid. You must also state what relief you want as outlined above. Once your application is in order, and by way of example you asked for attachment of emoluments, an order may be made against the defaulter’s employer to the effect that he or she makes payment directly to you by deducting it from the defaulting party’s salary. If the defaulter is unemployed and has property, then the route to follow is to ask for the execution of property. This means that the property would be sold and what is owing to you would be paid to you. Now let us move on to the criminal route.Criminal procedure
It is a criminal offence not to adhere to a maintenance order. Furthermore, one can be convicted for that. You can be liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year or to such imprisonment without the option of a fine. This is serious. Now let us unpack the law.The Maintenance Act 99 of 1998
Chapter 4 of the Maintenance Act deals with Offences and Orders relating to prosecutions when it comes to non-compliance with maintenance orders. We copied it below for your convenience. “CHAPTER 6 OFFENCES AND PENALTIES (ss 31-39) 31 Offences relating to maintenance orders (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), any person who fails to make any particular payment in accordance with a maintenance order shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three years or to such imprisonment without the option of a fine. (2) If the defence is raised in any prosecution for an offence under this section that any failure to pay maintenance in accordance with a maintenance order was due to lack of means on the part of the person charged, he or she shall not merely on the grounds of such defence be entitled to an acquittal if it is proved that the failure was due to his or her unwillingness to work or misconduct. (3) If the name of a person stated in a maintenance order as the person against whom the maintenance order has been made corresponds substantially to the name of the particular person prosecuted for an offence under this section, any copy of the maintenance order certified as a true copy by a person who purports to be the registrar or clerk of the court or other officer having the custody of the records of the court in the Republic where the maintenance order was made, shall on its production be prima facie proof of the fact that the maintenance order was made against the person so prosecuted. (4) If a person has been convicted of an offence under this section, the maintenance officer may, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, furnish that person’s personal particulars to any business which has as its object the granting of credit or is involved in the credit rating of persons. 32 Offences relating to examination of persons by maintenance officer (1) The provisions of sections 164 (2), 188 and 189 of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977 (Act 51 of 1977), shall, with the necessary changes, apply in respect of a person required to appear before a magistrate under section 8, and the magistrate may, subject to subsection (2), exercise in respect of that person all the powers conferred by section 170 (2) of the said Act and the said section 189 on the court referred to in those sections. (2) A person who is required to appear before a magistrate and who refuses or fails to furnish the information in question shall not be sentenced to imprisonment as contemplated in section 189 of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977, unless the magistrate is also of the opinion that the furnishing of such information is necessary for the administration of justice. CHAPTER 7 ORDERS RELATING TO PROSECUTIONS (ss 40-41)
40 Recovery of arrear maintenance (1) A court with civil jurisdiction convicting any person of an offence under section 31 (1) may, on the application of the public prosecutor and in addition to or in lieu of any penalty which the court may impose in respect of that offence, grant an order for the recovery from the convicted person of any amount he or she has failed to pay in accordance with the maintenance order, together with any interest thereon, whereupon the order so granted shall have the effect of a civil judgment of the court and shall, subject to subsection (2), be executed in the prescribed manner. (2) A court granting an order against a convicted person may- (a) in a summary manner enquire into the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3); and (b) if the court so decides, authorise the issue of a warrant of execution against the movable or immovable property of the convicted person in order to satisfy such order. (3) At the enquiry, the court shall take into consideration- (a) the existing and prospective means of the convicted person; (b) the financial needs and obligations of, or in respect of, the person maintained by the convicted person; (c) the conduct of the convicted person in so far as it may be relevant concerning his or her failure to pay in accordance with the maintenance order; and (d) the other circumstances which should, in the opinion of the court, be taken into consideration. (4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, any pension, annuity, gratuity or compassionate allowance or other similar benefit shall be liable to be attached or subjected to execution under an order granted under this section. 41 Conversion of criminal proceedings into maintenance enquiry If during the course of any proceedings in a magistrate’s court in respect of- (a) an offence referred to in section 31 (1); or (b) the enforcement of any sentence suspended on condition that the convicted person make periodical payments of sums of money towards the maintenance of any other person, it appears to the court that it is desirable that a maintenance enquiry be held, or when the public prosecutor so requests, the court shall convert the proceedings into such enquiry.” Now let us move on to the regulationsRegulations to the Maintenance Act dealing with the Criminal Route
“OFFENCES AND ORDERS RELATING TO PROSECUTIONS Complaints of failure to comply with orders- A complaint regarding a failure to make a payment in accordance with a maintenance
order shall substantially correspond with Form Q of the Annexure. Recovery of arrear maintenance- (1) The clerk of the court shall submit a certified copy of an order made by the court in
terms of section 40 of the Act to the clerk of the civil court for registration of such order. (2) The clerk of the civil court shall – (a) register the order referred to in subregulation (1) by numbering it with the following consecutive case number for the year during which it is registered; and (b) inform the maintenance officer of the maintenance court where the maintenance order was made and the person in whose favour the order was made of the registration and the number of the case. (3) The provisions of the Act relating to civil execution shall, with the necessary changes, apply in respect of the execution of an order referred to in subregulation (1).”Summary of the Criminal Route
Should the person against whom a maintenance order was made, not comply with it, the party who should receive maintenance may approach the maintenance court and lay a criminal complaint. The complainant would fill in a “Form Q” headed “COMPLAINT OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH A MAINTENANCE ORDER FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 31(1) OF THE MAINTENANCE ACT, 1998 (ACT No. 99 OF 1998)”. On the form, you should state how the defaulter failed to comply with the order and also what amount is outstanding. Once you successfully laid your complaint, the maintenance court would subpoena the defaulter to the criminal courts. The defaulter has the right to legal representation prior to a trial date being arranged. Once a date has been arranged for trial you would be subpoenaed as a witness and give evidence as to the maintenance order, the outstanding amount that the defaulter failed to pay and anything else that is relevant. As the proceedings are criminal, the State would prosecute the defaulter and you would be their witness. Therefore, the public prosecutor would ask you questions and then the defaulter or his attorney or advocate will cross-examine you. If a foundation has been laid by the State, then the defaulter would get a chance to outline his defense to the court and the public prosecutor would then cross-examine him or her. Should the court find the defaulter guilty, then on the request of the “public prosecutor and in addition to or in lieu of any penalty which the court may have imposed grant an order for the recovery from the convicted person of any amount he or she has failed to pay in accordance with the maintenance order together with any interest thereon. Whereupon the order so granted shall have the effect of a civil judgment of the court…” This means that the order may be used to sell the convicted person’s property.Sharing is Caring
This and other articles and posts found on this website are written by Adv. Muhammad Abduroaf to assist people with various family law related issues they may have. If you find any of our articles, free resources and posts interesting, or possibly useful to others, please like and share it on Social Media by clicking on the icons below. For more interesting articles and information on Family Law, view our articles and Q&A page. If you have a family law related legal issue and you want someone to answer or reply to it, feel free to post it on our Family Law Blog. Therefore, kindly like and share. Should you require any other legal services and advice, not related to family law, visit Private Legal.
Summary on civil executionRegulations to the Maintenance Act dealing with the Criminal RouteI have a maintenance order for my children – but the father of my children does not pay. Is this allowed? What can I do? Non-compliance with Maintenance Orders — Civil and Criminal Remedies [Updated on 12 October 2020] Many mothers (and sometimes fathers) go through great lengths to obtain Continue Reading
Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Bloemfontein Children’s Court
Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Bloemfontein or any other city in South Africa. Especially so if you have no idea how the legal processes work. It is one thing to know that you are entitled to child support, but it is a totally different matter to know the law and procedure on how to claim child support. Luckily in child maintenance matters, the maintenance court is there to assist you in completing the application form. However, many times that is not enough. Especially so if the other parent has a lawyer and knows how to present the case for his or her client.
This article, however, deals with some top tips in care and contact or custody matters in the Children’s Court in Bloemfontein. It would explain the processes involved and advise on how to be best prepared for your matter. This advice is applicable whether you live in Bloemfontein or any other city in South Africa.
What to do before visiting the Bloemfontein Children’s Court
Before you approach the Children’s Court in Bloemfontein, first try to resolve the issues with the other parent. Therefore, if you want more contact with your child and the other parent is refusing, try to resolve the matter first with that parent. If that does not work, try mediation. The mediator can be anyone, from a trusted mutual friend, priest, or other religious leaders, or a professional like an attorney, psychologist, or the office of the Family Advocate. Bloemfontein has many professionals that can assist you in this regard. If resolving the matter by yourselves is not possible, or mediation fails, then we suggest you approach the Bloemfontein Children’s Court for assistance.
TIP: Focus on getting someone neutral to assist in mediating your matter. Organisations like FAMSA and FAMAC can be of assistance. Google them.
Approaching the Bloemfontein Children’s Court
The Bloemfontein Children’s Court should be approached if it is the closest Children’s Court to you. You need to verify with the Bloemfontein Children’s Court that you fall under their area of jurisdiction. If not, they would direct you to which Children’s Court is applicable to you.
Once you arrive at the Bloemfontein Children’s Court, they will provide you with a form headed “Bringing Matter to Court in Terms of Section 53 Children’s Act, 2005 (Act no. 38 of 2005) Regulation Relating to Children’s Court and International Child Abduction, 2008 [Regulation 6]. This form is also called Form 2.
In this form, you will provide all your particulars and that of the child or children and the other parent. The sections in the form are as follows:
- PART A: PARTICULARS OF CHILD(REN)
- PART B: PARTICULARS OF *CHILD WHO IS AFFECTED BY OR INVOLVED IN THE MATTER/PERSON *ACTING IN THE INTEREST OF THE CHILD/*ON BEHALF OF THE CHILD WHO CANNOT ACT IN HIS/HER OWN NAME/ *MEMBER OF A GROUP OF CLASS OF CHILDREN/*IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST (SECTION 53(2)
- PART C: PARTICULARS OF PERSONS HAVING AN INTEREST IN THE MATTER
- PART D: PARTICULARS OF MATTER
In part D, the following is stated which you need to provide in the form:
- Nature of matter brought to Court: (Please give full details of the matter e.g., registration/amendment of parenting plans, removal of child to safe care, children in need of care and protection, placement in youth care centers, adoption etc.
- Documents: Are there any documents relating to the matter? (If so please attach)
Once you have completed the form and attached the relevant documents to it, you must take it to a commissioner of Oaths to have it commissioned. It does not have to be in Bloemfontein.
TIP: Draft a separate affidavit explaining your case. Outline some background information and reasons why the Court should give you what you request. Attach it to Form 2.
Processing your Application at the Bloemfontein Children’s Court
Once you complete the Form A and submit it to the Clerk of the Bloemfontein Children’s Court, they will process it and allocate it a case number or reference number. The Clerk of the Court would then allocate a date to the matter and advise the parties accordingly when the court date is. Please note that some courts follow a different process for processing the application and informing the parties of the court date. Please enquire from the Court when making the application what process they follow.
TIP: Obtain the contact details of the Court for you to contact them to obtain the Court date or other information. Ask for their contact number and email address.
Appearing in the Bloemfontein Children’s Court
When notified of the Court date, both you and the other parent should attend. If you are making use of a lawyer (Advocate or Attorney), inform them timeously of the date. Depending on the Court, you may first see the Clerk or go directly to the Magistrate. The Children’s Court would do its best to try to resolve the matter. If the parents cannot come to an agreement, the Children’s Court may postpone the matter for either of the following:
- Get a social worker involved in the matter;
- Appoint a legal representative for the minor child;
- Implement interim care and contact arrangements;
- Having the parties attempt to agree on a parenting plan;
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In serious matters, the Court may remove the minor child from both parents and place the child in foster care. The powers of the Children’s Court are extensive. It will, however, focus on what is in the child’s best interests.
TIP: Be as vocal as possible. Do not expect the Court to be understanding of your case or be on your side. It is your duty to explain your case and provide the Court with all the relevant information they require for them to make a fair decision.
Finalising the matter in the Bloemfontein Children’s Court
Once the Bloemfontein Children’s Court has enough information to make a final decision, it will do so. Depending on the facts of the matter, that could either be making a Parenting Plan, an Order of the Court or a final care and contact Order. The Court may even make further interim orders, where the parties are to return to Court after a few months, or a year later.
TIP: Do not agree to something just because the social worker, a lawyer, or the Court suggest it. You need to be happy with what is decided.
The above Bloemfontein Children’s Court Application tips should apply to the following provinces and cities:
Eastern Cape:
Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha
Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha
Free State:
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Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Bloemfontein Children’s Court Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Bloemfontein or any other city in South Africa. Especially so if you Continue Reading
Uncontested divorces – Notice of Set Down for undefended and uncontested divorce matters – The document used to place your divorce on the divorce court roll
Undefended, unopposed or uncontested divorce cases are what all divorcing couples should strive towards. If the marriage broke down completely and there is no possibility of saving it, then why fight any longer? If both parties act fairly, there is no need to spend thousands of Rands on legal fees. That money can be used on starting a new life. If there are minor children involved, then the money saved in avoiding litigation can be used on them. At the end of the day, no one really benefits from a long drawn out or protracted contested divorce process.What is the simplest divorce?
The simplest divorce is when the parties are married out of community of property and profit and loss, with the exclusion of the accrual regime. What this means, it that whatever property a spouse owns during the marriage, still belongs to him or her after the marriage. There is also no need to pay the other spouse any amount after the divorce as an accrual. The simplest divorce would also require there to be no minor children born from the marriage. In other words, all the children are adults or there were none. Lastly, neither party claims personal maintenance or alimony from the other spouse. If the above scenario applies, then all that the divorce court would have to do is ascertain whether or not the marriage has irretrievably broken down, and grant a decree of divorce. There is no issue regarding child maintenance, custody issues, or proprietary rights. It’s a simple divorce and easily finalised.What do couples usually fight over in the divorce process?
As can be seen from the above, if a couple has children, things may turn out to be complicated. The parents may dispute who should have primary care or custody over the minor children. Then there is the issue of child maintenance, and the amount thereof. This latter issue is usually a stumbling block when it comes to the finalisation of a divorce. Some parents are unreasonable in their request, and others again don’t want to pay or contribute what is fair and reasonable.The matrimonial property regime
If the parties are married in community of property, there should be an equal division of the joint estate. However, parties still find a way to argue on this aspect which makes the divorce a contested one. The same applies should the spouse be married out of community of property with the inclusion of the accrual regime. Most of the time, the divorce gets settled just days before the divorce date, after both parties spent thousands of Rands on legal fees.The notice of set down in divorce matters
After the divorce, summons has been issued and served, and the divorce is uncontested, a notice of set down must be filed at the divorce court. Usually, it’s 10 days after the divorce summons was served on the other party. Basically, the notice of set down advises the court and the other party that the divorce is going to be heard on a certain date. Once the notice of set down is filed, the divorce matter would be placed on the court roll for the divorce to be finalised.What happens on the unopposed divorce court date?
Once the notice of set down has been filed and the divorce date has arrived, one of the parties, usually the plaintiff would have to appear at court to give evidence. Basically, he or she needs to confirm that the marriage has broken down, the court has jurisdiction and that all aspects have been resolved. This is usually done with a consent paper. If the parties were married out of community of property without the accrual regime and there are no minor children, then there is no need for any other documents to be filed.What happens after the divorce has been granted?
Once the divorce has been granted, the parties can move on with their lives. They may remarry incur debt in their own name and so on. A few days after the divorce, and depending on the specific court, the parties would be able to collect a document called a final decree of divorce. This document would confirm to the world that they are divorced.Free Online Divorce Form and Guide
If you want to attend to your own uncontested divorce, we can to help you kick start it at no charge. Fill in the form below, and then our system will send you an email with the details you provided, which you should include in the divorce documents. [ninja_form id=35] Have a family Law appointment with us We have an online appointments system which enables you to save valuable time and cut straight to the chase. There is, therefore, no need for you to visit our offices (unless it is best for you to do so, or is your most preferred option).
You may set up telephonic or video consultations should you wish to do so. You can, therefore, stay in the office or on the couch in the comfort of your own home when dealing with us. We are therefore physical, online, set-up and ready to meet with you. Make your appointment online for a consultation today. If you find any of our articles, free resources and posts interesting, or possibly useful to others, please like IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
(WESTERN CAPE DIVISION, CAPE TOWN)
Case no.: JOHN WILLIAMS PLAINTIFF
(Identity Number: 0000000000000) And JANE WILLIAMS DEFENDANT
(Identity Number: 1111111111111 NOTICE OF SET – DOWN
KINDLY BE ADVISED that Plaintiff hereby sets the above matter down for hearing for 2015 at 10:00 or so soon thereafter.
Kindly enrol the matter accordingly.
DATED AT SIGNED AT CAPE TOWN THIS___DAY OF __________________2017. ______________________
Per: JOHN WILLIAMS
(Plaintiff in Person)
4 Green Street,
Greenland,
WESTERN CAPE TO: THE REGISTRAR
HIGH COURT
CAPE TOWN AND TO: JANE WILLIAMS
1 Apple Street,
Apple Town,
WESTERN CAPE
_________________o0o_________________
Uncontested divorces – Notice of Set Down for undefended and uncontested divorce matters – The document used to place your divorce on the divorce court roll Undefended, unopposed or uncontested divorce cases are what all divorcing couples should strive towards. If the marriage broke down completely and there is no Continue Reading
Finding the right lawyer (Attorney or Advocate) to fight for you in your contractual dispute in Port Elizabeth. Read further below about a “Bulldog Lawyer”)
Contract law is the bedrock of business and day-to-day transactions, providing a framework for parties to define their rights, obligations, and expectations. However, disputes can arise when one or more parties feel that the terms of the contract have been violated. This can apply to an employment contract, lease agreement, marriage contract, or one where you lent someone money. Even buying groceries at your local grocery is a contractual transaction. You pay, and he provides you with the goods. The list is endless.
All is good until someone violates the terms of the contract. This is where you may want to use an attorney or advocate in Port Elizabeth. Read further below about what is referred to as a “bulldog lawyer”. If the other side is playing hardball or has a bulldog lawyer, then having a tough lawyer who takes no-nonsense is something that you must consider. Please note that the law on contractual disputes would be the same whether you live in Port Elizabeth or any other city in South Africa.
Let us get into the theory. Navigating the complexities of contract law disputes requires a clear understanding of the legal principles and practical strategies for resolution.
Critical Elements of Contract Law are as follows:
Formation of Contract:
Before delving into disputes, it’s essential to understand how contracts are formed. A valid contract typically requires an offer, acceptance, consideration, legal capacity, and legality of purpose. Disputes may arise if any of these elements are in question. If you are entering into a high value contact, it may be best to consult with an advocate or attorney beforehand.
Types of Contracts:
Contracts can take various forms, such as express, implied, unilateral, and bilateral. Understanding the nature of the contract is crucial in determining the rights and obligations of the parties involved.
Common Contract Disputes:
Breach of Contract:
The most prevalent type of contract dispute arises from a breach. This occurs when one party fails to fulfil its obligations outlined in the contract. It could involve non-payment, incomplete performance, or failure to deliver goods or services.
Misrepresentation:
If one party makes false statements that induce another to enter a contract, it may lead to a dispute. Misrepresentation can be innocent, negligent, or fraudulent, each carrying different legal consequences.
Duress and Undue Influence:
Contracts entered under duress or undue influence may be deemed voidable. If one party was coerced or pressured into an agreement, it could lead to a dispute over the contract’s validity.
What follows are resolution strategies when it comes to contract disputes.
Negotiation:
Often, disputes can be resolved through negotiation. Parties can discuss the issues, explore compromises, and reach a mutually acceptable resolution without legal action. You should use a tough lawyer to represent you if the other side is unreasonable.
Mediation:
Mediation involves a neutral third-party facilitating discussions between the parties to help them resolve. It is a voluntary and confidential process that can be less adversarial than litigation.
Arbitration:
Arbitration is a more formal process where an arbitrator or a panel makes a binding decision after hearing both sides. It provides a faster and more private resolution compared to traditional court proceedings.
Litigation:
If all else fails, parties may resort to litigation. This involves taking the dispute to court, presenting evidence, and having a judge decide. Litigation can be time-consuming and costly, but it provides a definitive resolution.
Conclusion:
Contract law disputes are an inherent risk in business transactions, but understanding the principles and available resolution strategies can mitigate potential damage. Whether through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or litigation, the goal is to find a fair and just resolution that upholds the integrity of the contractual relationship. As businesses continue to engage in complex transactions, a comprehensive understanding of contract law and dispute resolution mechanisms is essential for navigating the legal landscape successfully. When meeting with an advocate or attorney to assist you in your contractual dispute, discuss the above issues or factors with him or her to find out if they know what they are talking about.
What is a bulldog lawyer?
A “bulldog lawyer” is a colloquial term used to describe a lawyer (attorney or advocate) known for their aggressive and tenacious approach to legal representation. The term draws an analogy between the lawyer’s characteristics and those of a bulldog, known for its solid and determined demeanour. Bulldog lawyers are often associated with being assertive, persistent, and unwavering in pursuing their client’s interests.
Key characteristics of a bulldog lawyer may include:
Aggressiveness: Bulldog lawyers are known for their assertive and forceful advocacy on behalf of their clients. They are unafraid to challenge opponents and vigorously pursue their client’s objectives.
Tenacity:
Bulldog lawyers are persistent and determined in their legal pursuits. They may be willing to go to great lengths to achieve their client’s goals and are known for not easily giving up in the face of challenges.
Fearlessness:
Bulldog lawyers are often unafraid to take on tough cases or confront powerful adversaries. They may be known for their willingness to face complex legal battles head-on.
Advocacy Skills: Bulldog lawyers possess strong advocacy skills, including effective communication, negotiation, and litigation abilities. They can passionately argue their client’s case in court or during negotiations.
Strategic Thinking:
While aggressive, bulldog lawyers are also strategic in their approach. They carefully plan their legal strategies and tactics to achieve the best possible outcome for their clients.
It’s important to note that “bulldog lawyer” can have positive and negative connotations. On the positive side, it highlights an attorney’s dedication and commitment to their clients. On the negative side, it may suggest an overly aggressive or abrasive style that may not be suitable for all legal matters or personalities.
Finding the right lawyer (Attorney or Advocate) to fight for you in your contractual dispute in Port Elizabeth. Read further below about a “Bulldog Lawyer”) Contract law is the bedrock of business and day-to-day transactions, providing a framework for parties to define their rights, obligations, and expectations. However, disputes can Continue Reading