What is the Status of Muslim Marriage in South Africa?

Women’s Legal Centre Trust v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (CCT 24/21) [2022] ZACC 23; 2022 (5) SA 323 (CC); 2023 (1) BCLR 80 (CC) (28 June 2022)

WOMEN’S LEGAL CENTRE TRUST                                              Applicant

and

PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA                First Respondent

MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND CONSTITUTIONAL

DEVELOPMENT                                                                            Second Respondent

MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS                                                    Third Respondent

SPEAKER OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY                                 Fourth Respondent

CHAIRPERSON OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL

OF PROVINCES                                                                             Fifth Respondent

SOUTH AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION                     Sixth Respondent

COMMISSION FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION

OF THE RIGHTS OF CULTURAL, RELIGIOUS

AND LINGUISTIC COMMUNITIES                                                Seventh Respondent

LAJNATUN NISAA-IL MUSLIMAAT (ASSOCIATION

OF MUSLIM WOMEN OF SOUTH AFRICA)                                 Eighth Respondent

and

COMMISSION FOR GENDER EQUALITY                                   Intervening Party

and

MUSLIM ASSEMBLY CAPE                                                         First Amicus Curiae

UNITED ULAMA COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA                        Second Amicus Curiae

The Constitutional Court gave the following ruling:

Status of Muslim Marriages in South Africa

1. The Applicant’s non-compliance with the requirements of forms, service, manner of service and time periods provided in the Uniform Rules of this Honorable Court be condoned insofar as necessary;
2. Prior to any proceeds of the sale of portion 19,346, Koppersfontein, Western Cape (the property), being paid to the Respondent:
   • the Transferring Attorneys shall retain the sum equal to the outstanding debt of the former joint estate of the parties referred to in clause 3.1.3 of the Consent Paper (the debt), which was made an Order of the Regional Court for the Regional Division of the Western Cape, held in Cape Town, on 24 October 2023, under case number 165/2023 (the divorce Order) and utilise it to settle the debt;
   • The Transferring Attorneys shall retain an amount equal to the sum of all payments made by the Applicant and/or debited from his Standard Bank Account calculated from 01 November 2023, which was used to pay the Respondent’s half of the debt, and reimburse the Applicant therewith on behalf of the Respondent;
3. The motor vehicle referred to in clause 4.1.2 of the Divorce Order, being a 2011 Hyundai Ix35 2.0 Gls/Executive, with registration number CAA 412805, shall be retained by the Applicant as his sole and exclusive property for which right the Applicant shall forthwith pay the Respondent the sum of R 3 661 (three thousand six hundred and sixty-one rand); and
4. Costs of this Application; and
5. Further and/or alternative relief.

• inform the Applicant’s Legal Practitioner within 10 (ten) days of receipt hereof of your intention to do so; and
• fifteen days after you have so given notice of your intention to oppose the Application, to file your answering affidavit, if any; and further;
• that you are required to appoint in such notification an address referred to in rule 6 (5) (b) at which you will accept notice and service of all documents in these proceedings.

Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Bloemfontein.

Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty to pay child maintenance and support their children. Once the child is self-supporting (being able to care for him or herself), the obligation falls away. This can happen when the child is 18, 20, or even 30. It all depends on the circumstances of the case.

Claiming child maintenance for your child in Bloemfontein

Whether you claim child maintenance in Bloemfontein, or any other city in South Africa, the procedures would be the same. There are however two (2) courts that can deal with child maintenance matters. That is a divorce court, in a divorce matter, and a Child Maintenance Court. For this article, we will focus on claiming maintenance in a Maintenance Court matter in Bloemfontein.

The maintenance scenario – Bloemfontein South Africa

In this article, we will deal with the following fictitious scenario, in a child maintenance matter:

1. The Child is seven years old and attends school in Bloemfontein
2. The child is cared for by the mother who works in Bloemfontein
3. The mother works and earns a Salary of R 10 000
4. The father sees the child every second weekend. He also lives and works in Bloemfontein
5. The child’s monthly expenses are R 6000 – 00 which includes food, clothing, accommodation, education, travel etc.
6. The father earns a reasonable salary and can afford the R 20 000 – 00 per month
7. The mother claims R 4 000 – 00 maintenance as the father earns double her salary

What is the first step the mother must take in claiming child maintenance?

The first thing the mother must do is work out exactly what the child costs by item. She breaks down the minor child’s living expenses, starting from rent or accommodation to groceries to school fees etc. Once she has done that, she would need to determine what exactly does the minor child cost per month, seeing that she will be asking the father to contribute towards that. As best as possible, she needs to collect proof of expenses. This can be in the form of receipts.

How does she start the legal process?

The mother now needs to approach the maintenance court in the area where she lives or works to lodge a complaint for child maintenance. If she lives or works in Bloemfontein, it would be the maintenance court in Bloemfontein. She will complete a Form A wherein she will provide all the expenses for her and the minor child. She would also have to stipulate her income. Once she completed the form and submitted it to the maintenance court, she must then follow the next step.

What do you do while waiting for the maintenance court date?

While you wait to be informed of the court date by the Maintenance Court of Bloemfontein, and up until the actual first court date, you need to ensure that you keep a record of all income and expenses for you and the child. This is very important as the court allocates maintenance based on recent income and expenses.

What happens at the first court appearance at the Bloemfontein Maintenance Court?

Once you have been notified of the maintenance court date by the Bloemfontein Maintenance Court, you need to ensure that you attend it. On that day, both you and the father of the child would appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer would go through both your income and expenses as well as that of the father. If all the relevant information is not before the maintenance court, then the matter may be postponed in order for the parties to submit it.

The maintenance officer will try to settle the matter and have the parents come to an agreement regarding the amount of child maintenance to be paid. If they cannot come to an agreement regarding the child maintenance to be paid, the matter would have to proceed to a formal hearing or trial before a Magistrate.

How does the Maintenance Court hearing or trial work in Bloemfontein?

Essentially, the maintenance court is called upon to make a fair ruling regarding what is a fair amount of child support that needs to be paid. For that to happen, the parents would have to give evidence in that regard. The mother would present to the court what the child costs, what she contributes and what she requires the other parent to pay. The Father would have a right to question the mother and to present evidence as to why he cannot afford the amount requested or why he feels it is an unfair amount. The mother can they also question him.

At the end of the day, the Bloemfontein Maintenance Court would be able to properly determine what is a fair and adequate amount of child maintenance to pay after being presented will all relevant information. The Bloemfontein Maintenance Court should play an active role in determining what is a fair amount of child maintenance the father should pay.

The above child maintenance application principles should apply to the following provinces and cities:

Eastern Cape:

Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha

Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha

Free State:

Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom

Gauteng:

Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging

KwaZulu-Natal:

Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi

Limpopo:

Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi

Mpumalanga:

Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth

Western Cape:

Bellville, Bloemfontein, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester