Finding the best attorney or advocate for your matter in Cape Town is important. This is whether or not you are seeking a pro-bono lawyer or one that charges fees.

What follows are some frequently asked questions on lawyer and fees in family law matters.

How much does it cost to hire a lawyer in South Africa?

The cost of hiring a lawyer depends on several factors, including the lawyer’s experience and the complexity of the matter. For simple issues, you can seek assistance from a less experienced lawyer, while complex matters may require a more professional (and thus more expensive) lawyer. Therefore, the cost of hiring a lawyer varies depending on the specific circumstances of your case and the lawyer you choose.

What does a family lawyer do in South Africa?

A family lawyer in South Africa typically handles legal matters related to family relationships, such as divorce, child custody, and adoption. They provide legal advice, represent clients in court, and help negotiate settlements.

Is it possible to find a pro bono lawyer in South Africa?

A pro bono lawyer is one who would not charge you for legal services. In South Africa, most lawyers charge for their legal services. It is possible to find organizations that may assist you with your legal matter free of charge, such as legal clinics or pro bono organizations. You may also approach the legal aid board for legal assistance.

What is the difference between a lawyer and an attorney in South Africa?

In South Africa, the terms “lawyer” and “attorney” are often used interchangeably, but there are distinctions in the legal profession:
  1. Attorney: An attorney is a legal professional who has completed the necessary education, training, and practical experience to represent clients in legal matters. Attorneys can provide legal advice, draft documents, and represent clients in lower courts. They typically work in private practice or within firms.
  2. Advocate: In South Africa, an advocate is a specialist lawyer who represents clients in higher courts. Advocates are usually instructed by attorneys and focus on litigation and courtroom representation. They are similar to barristers in other legal systems.
  3. Lawyer: This is a broader term that encompasses both attorneys and advocates, as well as other legal professionals. It refers to anyone qualified to practice law.
In summary, all attorneys are lawyers, but not all lawyers are attorneys. Advocates represent a separate branch of legal professionals within the South African legal system

How much does an advocate charge per hour in South Africa?

In South Africa, the hourly rates charged by advocates can vary widely based on factors such as experience, expertise, the complexity of the case, and the geographical location. On average, advocates may charge anywhere from R1,000 to R5000 per hour or more. For junior advocates, the rates may be lower, while senior or highly specialized advocates may charge significantly more. It’s also common for advocates to offer fixed fees for specific services or cases, rather than hourly rates. If you need an advocate, it’s best to discuss fees upfront and ensure you understand the billing structure before proceeding.

What is the cost of a suit in law?

In South Africa, the cost of a suit in law, often referred to as legal fees for representation, can vary widely based on several factors:
  1. Type of Case: Legal fees differ depending on whether it’s a civil, criminal, family, or corporate matter.
  2. Experience of the Lawyer: More experienced attorneys or advocates may charge higher fees.
  3. Billing Structure: Some lawyers charge hourly rates, while others may offer fixed fees or contingency arrangements (especially in personal injury cases).
  4. Geographical Location: Fees may be higher in urban areas like Johannesburg or Cape Town compared to smaller towns.
On average, you might expect:
  • Hourly Rates: R1,000 to R5,000 for an advocate; R1,000 to R2,500 for an attorney.
  • Fixed Fees: These can range from a few thousand rand for straightforward matters to significantly more for complex cases.
It’s important to discuss costs and payment structures upfront with your legal representative.

Is the Family Advocate accessible?

Yes, the Family Advocate in South Africa is generally accessible to the public, particularly for matters related to family law, such as divorce, child custody, and maintenance issues. The Family Advocate’s office aims to assist with the resolution of disputes involving children, focusing on their best interests. How to Access the Family Advocate:
  1. Application: You can apply to the Family Advocate’s office directly. This often involves submitting specific forms related to your case.
  2. Court Referral: In some cases, the court may refer you to the Family Advocate for assistance in mediation or investigation.
  3. Contact Information: Each province has a Family Advocate’s office, and you can find contact details online or through local court offices.
  4. Free Services: The services provided by the Family Advocate are typically free, which makes them accessible for individuals who may not be able to afford private legal representation.
It’s advisable to check the specific requirements and processes for your region, as they may vary.

Finding the best attorney or advocate for your matter in Cape Town is important. This is whether or not you are seeking a pro-bono lawyer or one that charges fees.

What follows are some frequently asked questions on lawyer and fees in family law matters.

How much does it cost to hire a lawyer in South Africa?

The cost of hiring a lawyer depends on several factors, including the lawyer’s experience and the complexity of the matter. For simple issues, you can seek assistance from a less experienced lawyer, while complex matters may require a more professional (and thus more expensive) lawyer. Therefore, the cost of hiring a lawyer varies depending on the specific circumstances of your case and the lawyer you choose.

What does a family lawyer do in South Africa?

A family lawyer in South Africa typically handles legal matters related to family relationships, such as divorce, child custody, and adoption. They provide legal advice, represent clients in court, and help negotiate settlements.

Is it possible to find a pro bono lawyer in South Africa?

A pro bono lawyer is one who would not charge you for legal services. In South Africa, most lawyers charge for their legal services. It is possible to find organizations that may assist you with your legal matter free of charge, such as legal clinics or pro bono organizations. You may also approach the legal aid board for legal assistance.

What is the difference between a lawyer and an attorney in South Africa?

In South Africa, the terms “lawyer” and “attorney” are often used interchangeably, but there are distinctions in the legal profession:

  1. Attorney: An attorney is a legal professional who has completed the necessary education, training, and practical experience to represent clients in legal matters. Attorneys can provide legal advice, draft documents, and represent clients in lower courts. They typically work in private practice or within firms.
  2. Advocate: In South Africa, an advocate is a specialist lawyer who represents clients in higher courts. Advocates are usually instructed by attorneys and focus on litigation and courtroom representation. They are similar to barristers in other legal systems.
  3. Lawyer: This is a broader term that encompasses both attorneys and advocates, as well as other legal professionals. It refers to anyone qualified to practice law.

In summary, all attorneys are lawyers, but not all lawyers are attorneys. Advocates represent a separate branch of legal professionals within the South African legal system

How much does an advocate charge per hour in South Africa?

In South Africa, the hourly rates charged by advocates can vary widely based on factors such as experience, expertise, the complexity of the case, and the geographical location. On average, advocates may charge anywhere from R1,000 to R5000 per hour or more.

For junior advocates, the rates may be lower, while senior or highly specialized advocates may charge significantly more. It’s also common for advocates to offer fixed fees for specific services or cases, rather than hourly rates.

If you need an advocate, it’s best to discuss fees upfront and ensure you understand the billing structure before proceeding.

What is the cost of a suit in law?

In South Africa, the cost of a suit in law, often referred to as legal fees for representation, can vary widely based on several factors:

  1. Type of Case: Legal fees differ depending on whether it’s a civil, criminal, family, or corporate matter.
  2. Experience of the Lawyer: More experienced attorneys or advocates may charge higher fees.
  3. Billing Structure: Some lawyers charge hourly rates, while others may offer fixed fees or contingency arrangements (especially in personal injury cases).
  4. Geographical Location: Fees may be higher in urban areas like Johannesburg or Cape Town compared to smaller towns.

On average, you might expect:

  • Hourly Rates: R1,000 to R5,000 for an advocate; R1,000 to R2,500 for an attorney.
  • Fixed Fees: These can range from a few thousand rand for straightforward matters to significantly more for complex cases.

It’s important to discuss costs and payment structures upfront with your legal representative.

Is the Family Advocate accessible?

Yes, the Family Advocate in South Africa is generally accessible to the public, particularly for matters related to family law, such as divorce, child custody, and maintenance issues. The Family Advocate’s office aims to assist with the resolution of disputes involving children, focusing on their best interests.

How to Access the Family Advocate:

  1. Application: You can apply to the Family Advocate’s office directly. This often involves submitting specific forms related to your case.
  2. Court Referral: In some cases, the court may refer you to the Family Advocate for assistance in mediation or investigation.
  3. Contact Information: Each province has a Family Advocate’s office, and you can find contact details online or through local court offices.
  4. Free Services: The services provided by the Family Advocate are typically free, which makes them accessible for individuals who may not be able to afford private legal representation.

It’s advisable to check the specific requirements and processes for your region, as they may vary.

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Family Law Service – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Finding the best lawyer for you.

Appeals and Reviews Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf South Africa Best Choosing the right law firm (Attorney or Advocate) can be a daunting task in the intricate landscape of legal matters. Whether you’re facing a complex litigation case, navigating corporate law, or seeking legal assistance for personal issues, the decision of which law firm to engage is crucial. At the firm Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, we understand the significance of this decision, and we aim to demonstrate why choosing our firm can make all the difference.

Expertise and Specialisation

One of the primary reasons for choosing our law firm is our expertise and specialisation in diverse legal areas. As you can see from this website, Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf practices in various fields of law. This breadth of expertise ensures that no matter the nature of your legal issue, you will have access to knowledgeable and experienced professionals who can provide tailored solutions.

Personalised Approach

We recognise that every client and every case is unique. That’s why we prioritise a personalised approach to legal representation. From the moment you engage our services, we take the time to understand your specific needs, concerns, and objectives. This allows us to develop strategies and solutions customised to your circumstances, ensuring the best possible outcome for your case.

Commitment to Excellence

At Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, excellence is not just a goal – it’s our standard. We are committed to providing our clients with the highest quality legal services, characterized by thorough research, meticulous attention to detail, and strategic thinking. Our track record of success speaks for itself, with numerous satisfied clients who have benefited from our dedication to excellence.

Responsive and Accessible

Legal matters can be stressful and overwhelming, so we prioritise responsiveness and accessibility. Our team is readily available to address your questions, concerns, and needs throughout your case. Whether you prefer to communicate via phone, WhatsApp, email, or in-person meetings, we are here to provide you with the support and guidance you need when you need it.

Cost-Effective Solutions

Legal representation shouldn’t break the bank. That’s why we are committed to providing cost-effective solutions that deliver value for our clients. We offer transparent billing practices and strive to minimise unnecessary expenses wherever possible, ensuring you receive top-notch legal services without the hefty price tag.

Ethical and Professional Conduct

Integrity and ethics are at the core of everything we do. Our team adheres to the highest standards of professional conduct, ensuring your case is handled with the utmost integrity, honesty, and discretion. You can trust that your legal matters will be handled with care and respect, and your confidentiality will always be protected. In conclusion, choosing the right law firm can significantly impact the outcome of your legal matters. At Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, we offer expertise, specialisation, personalised service, commitment to excellence, responsiveness, cost-effective solutions, and ethical conduct. These qualities set us apart and make us the ideal choice for clients seeking top-notch legal representation. Contact us today to learn how we can assist you with your legal needs. If you require an Advocate Law Firm to assist you in your legal matter, feel free to contact us using the following details:
    • Tel.: 021 111 0090
    • Email.: [email protected]

The Firm: Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf

Trust Account Advocate. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf is a registered firm with the Legal Practice Council of South Africa. It holds offices in Cape Town. However represents clients all over South Africa. If required, he would travel out to your province to attend to you matter. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf is a Trust Account practice, which means it may take instructions directly from members of the public. This is compared to referral advocates who may not take instructions directly from members of the public. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf’s practice allows clients to deposit money into their Trust Account. To do so, it needs to hold a valid fidelity fund certificate, which it does. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf may appear on its client’s behalf in all courts in the Republic of South Africa. These include the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Appeal, all High Court and magistrates courts in all provinces in South Africa. The services you may instruct the firm of Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf to represent you in are as follows:

High Court matters

  • Civil claim surrounding money;
  • Interdicts;
  • Divorces (Opposed and unopposed);
  • Child Custody and guardianship disputes;
  • Relocation of minor children;
  • Various criminal matters;
  • Minor children surname changes;
  • Appeals and Reviews; and
  • Other matters.

Magistrates Court matters

  • Civil claim surrounding money;
  • Various criminal matters;
  • Interdicts;
  • Maintenance Court matters;
  • Divorces Court matters (Opposed and unopposed)’
  • Children’s Court matter; and
  • Other matters.

Constitutional Court

  • Appeals

Supreme Court of Appeal

  • Appeals and Reviews

Consult with, or Instruct Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf

If you would like to have a legal advice consultation with Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, feel free to use the Our Lawyer online appointment form by clicking 
here. Should you already have consulted with Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf and wish to mandate and instruct the firm, kindly proceed with completing the mandate form using this mandate link. We service clients throughout South Africa. These include: Cape Town Rustenburg Kimberley East London Nelspruit Polokwane Pietermaritzburg Bloemfontein Port Elizabeth Pretoria Durban Johannesburg

Family Law Service – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Finding the best lawyer for you.

Appeals and Reviews Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf South Africa Best Choosing the right law firm (Attorney or Advocate) can be a daunting task in the intricate landscape of legal matters. Whether you’re facing a complex litigation case, navigating corporate law, or seeking legal assistance for personal issues, the decision of which law firm to engage is crucial. At the firm Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, we understand the significance of this decision, and we aim to demonstrate why choosing our firm can make all the difference.

Expertise and Specialisation

One of the primary reasons for choosing our law firm is our expertise and specialisation in diverse legal areas. As you can see from this website, Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf practices in various fields of law. This breadth of expertise ensures that no matter the nature of your legal issue, you will have access to knowledgeable and experienced professionals who can provide tailored solutions.

Personalised Approach

We recognise that every client and every case is unique. That’s why we prioritise a personalised approach to legal representation. From the moment you engage our services, we take the time to understand your specific needs, concerns, and objectives. This allows us to develop strategies and solutions customised to your circumstances, ensuring the best possible outcome for your case.

Commitment to Excellence

At Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, excellence is not just a goal – it’s our standard. We are committed to providing our clients with the highest quality legal services, characterized by thorough research, meticulous attention to detail, and strategic thinking. Our track record of success speaks for itself, with numerous satisfied clients who have benefited from our dedication to excellence.

Responsive and Accessible

Legal matters can be stressful and overwhelming, so we prioritise responsiveness and accessibility. Our team is readily available to address your questions, concerns, and needs throughout your case. Whether you prefer to communicate via phone, WhatsApp, email, or in-person meetings, we are here to provide you with the support and guidance you need when you need it.

Cost-Effective Solutions

Legal representation shouldn’t break the bank. That’s why we are committed to providing cost-effective solutions that deliver value for our clients. We offer transparent billing practices and strive to minimise unnecessary expenses wherever possible, ensuring you receive top-notch legal services without the hefty price tag.

Ethical and Professional Conduct

Integrity and ethics are at the core of everything we do. Our team adheres to the highest standards of professional conduct, ensuring your case is handled with the utmost integrity, honesty, and discretion. You can trust that your legal matters will be handled with care and respect, and your confidentiality will always be protected. In conclusion, choosing the right law firm can significantly impact the outcome of your legal matters. At Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, we offer expertise, specialisation, personalised service, commitment to excellence, responsiveness, cost-effective solutions, and ethical conduct. These qualities set us apart and make us the ideal choice for clients seeking top-notch legal representation. Contact us today to learn how we can assist you with your legal needs. If you require an Advocate Law Firm to assist you in your legal matter, feel free to contact us using the following details:
    • Tel.: 021 111 0090
    • Email.: [email protected]

The Firm: Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf

Trust Account Advocate. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf is a registered firm with the Legal Practice Council of South Africa. It holds offices in Cape Town. However represents clients all over South Africa. If required, he would travel out to your province to attend to you matter. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf is a Trust Account practice, which means it may take instructions directly from members of the public. This is compared to referral advocates who may not take instructions directly from members of the public. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf’s practice allows clients to deposit money into their Trust Account. To do so, it needs to hold a valid fidelity fund certificate, which it does. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf may appear on its client’s behalf in all courts in the Republic of South Africa. These include the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Appeal, all High Court and magistrates courts in all provinces in South Africa. The services you may instruct the firm of Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf to represent you in are as follows:

High Court matters

  • Civil claim surrounding money;
  • Interdicts;
  • Divorces (Opposed and unopposed);
  • Child Custody and guardianship disputes;
  • Relocation of minor children;
  • Various criminal matters;
  • Minor children surname changes;
  • Appeals and Reviews; and
  • Other matters.

Magistrates Court matters

  • Civil claim surrounding money;
  • Various criminal matters;
  • Interdicts;
  • Maintenance Court matters;
  • Divorces Court matters (Opposed and unopposed)’
  • Children’s Court matter; and
  • Other matters.

Constitutional Court

  • Appeals

Supreme Court of Appeal

  • Appeals and Reviews

Consult with, or Instruct Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf

If you would like to have a legal advice consultation with Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, feel free to use the Our Lawyer online appointment form by clicking here. Should you already have consulted with Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf and wish to mandate and instruct the firm, kindly proceed with completing the mandate form using this mandate link. We service clients throughout South Africa. These include: Cape Town Rustenburg Kimberley East London Nelspruit Polokwane Pietermaritzburg Bloemfontein Port Elizabeth Pretoria Durban Johannesburg

[caption id="attachment_10793" align="alignnone" width="733"]Relocation consent for minor child to Australia - Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf Relocation consent for minor child to Australia – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf[/caption]

I want to relocate from South Africa to Australia with my minor child. The other parent does not want my child to relocate to Australia. What can I do?

Australia is a popular destination to emigrate to. People emigrate from South Africa for many reasons. It ranges from better employment opportunities, family relations, or for a better standard of living. Whatever the reason a parent wants to relocate to Australia, if a minor child will be joining that parent and also relocating to Australia, then the parent remaining in South Africa’s consent would usually be required. Let us unpack the legal issues a parent may encounter when wanting to emigrate to Australia. Before we do so, let us list the various cities and towns in Australia to which you may want to relocate: Canberra, New South Wales, Albury-Wodonga, Armidale, Ballina, Balranald, Batemans Bay, Bathurst, Bega, Bourke, Bowral, Broken Hill, Byron Bay, Camden, Campbelltown, Cobar, Coffs Harbour, Cooma, Coonabarabran, Coonamble, Cootamundra, Corowa, Cowra, Deniliquin, Dubbo, Forbes, Forster, Glen Innes, Gosford, Goulburn, Grafton, Griffith, Gundagai, Gunnedah, Hay, Inverell, Junee, Katoomba, Kempsey, Kiama, Kurri Kurri, Lake Cargelligo, Lismore, Lithgow, Maitland, Moree, Moruya, Murwillumbah, Muswellbrook, Nambucca Heads, Narrabri, Narrandera, Newcastle, Nowra-Bomaderry, Orange, Parkes, Parramatta, Penrith, Port Macquarie, Queanbeyan, Raymond Terrace, Richmond, Scone, Singleton, Sydney, Tamworth, Taree, Temora, Tenterfield, Tumut, Ulladulla, Wagga Wagga, Wauchope, Wellington, West Wyalong, Windsor, Wollongong, Wyong, Yass, Young, Northern Territory, Alice Springs, Anthony Lagoon, Darwin, Katherine, Tennant Creek, Queensland, Ayr, Beaudesert, Blackwater, Bowen, Brisbane, Buderim, Bundaberg, Caboolture, Cairns, Charleville, Charters Towers, Cooktown, Dalby, Deception Bay, Emerald, Gatton, Gladstone, Gold Coast, Goondiwindi, Gympie, Hervey Bay, Ingham, Innisfail, Kingaroy, Mackay, Mareeba, Maroochydore, Maryborough, Moonie, Moranbah, Mount Isa, Mount Morgan, Moura, Redcliffe, Rockhampton, Roma, Stanthorpe, Toowoomba, Townsville, Warwick, Weipa, Winton, Yeppoon, South Australia, Adelaide, Ceduna, Clare, Coober Pedy, Gawler, Goolwa, Iron Knob, Leigh Creek, Loxton, Millicent, Mount Gambier, Murray Bridge, Naracoorte, Oodnadatta, Port Adelaide Enfield, Port Augusta, Port Lincoln, Port Pirie, Renmark, Victor Harbor, Whyalla, Tasmania, Beaconsfield, Bell Bay, Burnie, Devonport, Hobart, Kingston, Launceston, New Norfolk, Queenstown, Richmond, Rosebery, Smithton, Stanley, Ulverstone, Wynyard, Victoria, Albury-Wodonga, Ararat, Bacchus Marsh, Bairnsdale, Ballarat, Beechworth, Benalla, Bendigo, Castlemaine, Colac, Echuca, Geelong, Hamilton, Healesville, Horsham, Kerang, Kyabram, Kyneton, Lakes Entrance, Maryborough, Melbourne, Mildura, Moe, Morwell, Port Fairy, Portland, Sale, Sea Lake, Seymour, Shepparton, Sunbury, Swan Hill, Traralgon, Yarrawonga, Wangaratta, Warragul, Werribee, Wonthaggi, Western Australia, Broome, Bunbury, Busselton, Coolgardie, Dampier, Derby, Fremantle, Geraldton, Kalgoorlie, Kambalda, Katanning, Kwinana, Mandurah, Meekatharra, Mount Barker, Narrogin, Newman, Northam, Perth, Port Hedland, Tom Price, Wyndham. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-cities-and-towns-in-Australia-2027337)

Why do I require the other parent’s Consent to relocate to Australia?

According to South African law, if you are a co-holder of parental responsibilities and rights over your minor child, you must consent to your child leaving South Africa. In this case, relocating to Australia. Here we refer to section 18 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. The entire provision is as follows: 18 Parental responsibilities and rights  (1) A person may have either full or specific parental responsibilities and rights in respect of a child.  (2) The parental responsibilities and rights that a person may have in respect of a child, include the responsibility and the right-  (a) to care for the child;  (b) to maintain contact with the child;  (c) to act as guardian of the child; and  (d) to contribute to the maintenance of the child.  (3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), a parent or other person who acts as guardian of a child must-  (a) administer and safeguard the child’s property and property interests;  (b) assist or represent the child in administrative, contractual and other legal matters; or  (c) give or refuse any consent required by law in respect of the child, including-  (i) consent to the child’s marriage;  (ii) consent to the child’s adoption;  (iii) consent to the child’s departure or removal from the Republic;  (iv) consent to the child’s application for a passport; and  (v) consent to the alienation or encumbrance of any immovable property of the child.  (4) Whenever more than one person has guardianship of a child, each one of them is competent, subject to subsection (5), any other law or any order of a competent court to the contrary, to exercise independently and without the Consent of the other any right or responsibility arising from such guardianship. (5) Unless a competent court orders otherwise, the Consent of all the persons that have guardianship of a child is necessary in respect of matters set out in subsection (3)(c). Now let us explain what Parental Responsibilities and Rights are.

What are Parental Responsibilities and Rights of a parent in relation to a child?

As can be seen from section 18(2) of the Children’s Act, when we refer to Parental Responsibilities and Rights, we refer to the following: (a) to care for the child;  (b) to maintain contact with the child;  (c) to act as guardian of the child; and  (d) to contribute to the maintenance of the child. Therefore, if a parent has parental responsibilities and rights over a minor child, and accordingly, rights of guardianship, their Consent is required when it comes to issues of guardianship. As seen from section 18(3)(c) of the Children’s Act above, both parents’ Consent is required should a minor child depart from the Republic of South Africa. In this case, to emigrate to Australia. Even if the minor child only wants to go for a short holiday to Australia, both guardians’ Consent would be required.

When would the other parent be seen as a guardian in the case of a relocation matter to Australia?

It must be noted that not all parents are legal guardians over their minor children. We should therefore distinguish between married or divorced parents and parents who were never married. As you would see below, usually married, or divorced parents’ Consent would be required for a minor child to relocate or emigrate to Australia. However, that does not automatically apply to parents who were never married. This could be because the child could have been born from a brief encounter and never met his or her father. It would not make sense that a parent who never met his or her 15-year-old child, should give Consent for relocation to Australia.

Mother’s Consent for relocation of the minor child to Australia

Section 19 of the Children’s Act deals with the Parental responsibilities and rights of mothers. It states the following: 19 Parental responsibilities and rights of mothers  (1) The biological mother of a child, whether married or unmarried, has full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child.  (2) If-  (a) the biological mother of a child is an unmarried child who does not have guardianship in respect of the child; and  (b) the biological father of the child does not have guardianship in respect of the child, the guardian of the child’s biological mother is also the guardian of the child.  (3) This section does not apply in respect of a child who is the subject of a surrogacy agreement. As seen from section 19(1) of the Children’s Act, in most cases involving the relocation of a minor child to Australia, the mother’s Consent is required as she has full parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child.

Married father’s Consent for the relocation of the minor child to Australia

Section 20 of the Children’s Act deals with Parental responsibilities and rights of married fathers. It states the following: 20 Parental responsibilities and rights of married fathers The biological father of a child has full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child- (a) if he is married to the child’s mother; or (b) if he was married to the child’s mother at (i) the time of the child’s conception; (ii) the time of the child’s birth; or (iii) any time between the child’s conception and birth. As can be seen from sections 20 (a) and (b) of the Children’s Act, if the father and the mother were married, or are married, then his Consent is required for the minor child to relocate to Australia. Of course, an exception to this would be should a court of law order otherwise. This would be the case should the parents be divorced and the divorce court ordered that only the mother may act as guardian. Next, we deal with the issue of an unmarried father’s Consent to relocate a minor child to Australia.

Consent of unmarried fathers for the relocation of their minor children to Australia.

Section 21 of the Children’s Act deals with parental responsibilities and rights of unmarried fathers. The section states the following: 21 Parental responsibilities and rights of unmarried fathers  (1) The biological father of a child who does not have parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child in terms of section 20, acquires full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child-  (a) if at the time of the child’s birth he is living with the mother in a permanent life-partnership; or  (b) if he, regardless of whether he has lived or is living with the mother-  (i) consents to be identified or successfully applies in terms of section 26 to be identified as the child’s father or pays damages in terms of customary law;  (ii) contributes or has attempted in good faith to contribute to the child’s upbringing for a reasonable period; and  (iii) contributes or has attempted in good faith to contribute towards expenses in connection with the maintenance of the child for a reasonable period.  (2) This section does not affect the duty of a father to contribute towards the maintenance of the child.  (3) (a) If there is a dispute between the biological father referred to in subsection (1) and the biological mother of a child with regard to the fulfilment by that father of the conditions set out in subsection (1) (a) or (b), the matter must be referred for mediation to a family advocate, social worker, social service professional or other suitably qualified person.  (b) Any party to the mediation may have the outcome  of the mediation reviewed by a court.  (4) This section applies regardless of whether the child was born before or after the commencement of this Act. As can be seen from the latter sections, a father of a child born out of wedlock does not automatically have parental responsibilities and rights over his minor child. He may however acquire those parental responsibilities and rights over his minor child if he is materially involved in the child’s life. That would be where the father and the mother were in a permanent life partnership when the child was born or he is meaningfully involved in the child’s life, as outlined above. We shall not go into much detail regarding that. However, in most cases, if the father had regular contact with the child and paid child support, he would have acquired parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child.

What do you do if the other parent does not want to consent to the minor child relocating to Australia?

Suppose the other parent also has parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child, and he or she does not want to consent to the relocation of the minor child to Australia, then in such a case, the Court needs to be approached. Here I refer you back to section 18(5) of the Children’s Act referred to above where it states: (5) Unless a competent court orders otherwise, the Consent of all the persons that have guardianship of a child is necessary in respect of matters set out in subsection (3)(c). Therefore, after your Court Application has been launched an both sides have been heard, the Court would make the necessary Order. If you are successful in your application for the relocation of your minor children to Australia, then the Court will make an Order similar to that which is shown below. [caption id="attachment_10792" align="alignnone" width="714"]Relocation consent for minor child to Australia - Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf Relocation Order[/caption] [caption id="attachment_10793" align="alignnone" width="725"]Relocation consent for minor child to Australia - Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf Relocation Consent Order[/caption]    

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