Related Post

Relocation with your minor child from South Africa – What are my rights?

In today’s modern times, many people decide to leave South Africa and seek employment overseas or in a nearby country. The reason for that could be many. But usually, it’s because they feel they can earn much more in a different country or live a better life. Furthermore, safety and security, and medical benefits are on the list. What often happens is one parent wants to relocate, with a child, however, the other parent has an issue with it. As you will see later, the consent of both guardians is required for a minor child to leave the Republic of South Africa. advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorce

Parents need to first discuss the issue of relocation before making a decision

We are often approached by the parent wishing to relocate with the minor child for legal advice. It is often the mother. She wants to know what her rights are regarding the child relocating with her. Now the ideal situation would be for both parents to sit down and discuss the issue. It would obviously have a big impact on their lives should relocation with the child take place. They should discuss aspects regarding contact and maintenance should relocation be a viable option. However, meeting eye to eye and having a sensible discussion on the issue is not always the case.

Effects of relocation on the parents

advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceIt often happens when parents do not agree on the issue of relocation; the parent wishing to relocate has to make some drastic decisions. Should she remain in South Africa and continue in her current employment, or remain unemployed? By remaining in South Africa, she would remain the primary caregiver of the minor child. The other option is for the parent to not fight the issue but decide to relocate and leave the child with a parent in South Africa. This could become problematic. Especially so in the case where the parent residing in South Africa was never a primary caregiver of the minor child. In other words, he or she cannot care for the child as well as the parent wishing to relocate.

What does South African law say?

Now in terms of the law, if a child should be removed from the Republic of South Africa, for traveling, or relocation, he or she requires the consent of both guardians. We will not go into the finer details of who is a guardian and what are the rights of a guardian. However, in terms of the Children’s Act, both guardians should consent for the minor child to be removed from the Republic of South Africa, and his or her return. Therefore, if the parents come to an agreement that the minor child may relocate, then the consenting parent should only sign necessary consent documents. Those documents can be obtained from the Department of Home Affairs. At the same time additional assisting documents will be of use. For example, an affidavit from the father stating that he has no issue with a minor child relocating and he provides a mother with the authority to make certain decisions regarding the minor child. These decisions could relate to the enrolment of schools, medical consent, and consent to travel within the country.

advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceWhat happens if consent for relocation is refused by one parent?

Let’s say consent is not provided. What can the parent do under those circumstances? Unfortunately, the parent would have to approach the court to dispense with the consent of the other. He or she will have to convince the court that it would be in the minor child’s best interest for the relocation to take place. The parent who remains in South Africa will have to do the opposite. He or she would have to convince the court that it would be in the child’s best interest for them to remain in South Africa. Valid reasons could be that the country that they wish to relocate to is dangerous, or the child would be better suited to remain in South Africa.

More on approaching the Court when it comes to relocation of minor children

Now the problem arises as mentioned earlier. The parent wishing to relocate is left with a predicament. Does he or she remain in South Africa caring for the child or does he or she relocate and leave the child behind if consent is not given. As stated earlier, he or she would have to approach the Court. All these factors will have to be ventilated before the court and then the court will decide what is in the minor child’s best interest. We pause here to state that should a parent follow the specific route in approaching the court, he or she may want to at the same time apply for certain sole guardianship rights to the minor child. The parent would have to ask the court for certain rights, for example, should the minor child have to apply for a passport while overseas; only that parent’s consent is required. The same applies should the minor child have to be enrolled in a school, and as stated earlier, attend to a medical procedure. advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceIf the parent relocating is a mother, she can bring up a constitutional argument. She may argue that because she is a mother of the child and gave birth to the child, it is unfair for her to obtain the father’s consent under the circumstances. He, on the other hand, may decide to travel anywhere in the world and do not require the consent of the mother, because he is not the primary caregiver of the minor child.

Summary of the issue of consent for the relocation of minor children

So in short, if the parties cannot come to an agreement on the relocation of the minor child to another country, the parents wishing to relocate should approach the court to dispense with the consent of the other parent. The other parent can oppose the application stating various reasons why it would not be in the minor child’s best interest for them to relocate. If that parent was not much involved in the minor child’s life and cannot care for the minor child; more than likely the court would not find in that parent’s favour. The bottom line is as stated, the court will decide what is best for the child. advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorce  
Posted on by Telelaw

Advocate of the High Court of South Africa – Cape Town

Not many people know about the advocates’ profession. They hear of them, see them on television and read about them in newspapers. But what are they, and what do they do? To answer some of these questions, we got hold of Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf a practicing advocate from Cape Town, Western Cape, to assist us in unpacking this much misunderstood profession.

Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Cape Town

Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf is an admitted advocate of the High Court of South Africa. He holds chambers in the Pinnacle Building, 33 Burg Street, Cape Town, South Africa. He has been practising as an advocate for much over a decade and holds a wealth of experience on the ins and outs of the profession. Advocate Abduroaf has an LL.B and LL.M (Master of Laws) Degree on his shoulders. To learn more about the life of an advocate, please read on.

Advocates of the High Court of South Africa

Advocates play a very important role in society. They advise and represent their clients in complicated legal issues on an array of matters. Although advocates usually appear in the Higher Courts (High Court, Supreme Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court etc.), they do on occasion appear in the magistrates or lower courts and other forums. In order be become an advocate, you are required to have the necessary academic training in the form of an LL. B degree (Bachelor of Laws). This degree usually takes no less than 4 (four) years to complete at an accredited South African university. Furthermore, only a judge in the High Court can admit you as an Advocate after filing the necessary application. Many advocates then go on to form part of a society of advocates. If you wish to become and advocate, you would need to file your application at the High Court in the area where you reside, attach to it the necessary documents, and set the matter down for hearing when the High Court hears such applications. Admissions of attorneys, advocates, notaries and conveyancers usually take place on the first Friday of each month in the High Court. The Judges who preside over such applications are usually the Judge President and a less senior judge. Once you are admitted as an advocate of the High Court of South Africa, your name would be added to the roll of advocates.

How do advocates of the High Court get work?

Advocates receive their work from attorneys. In other words, a person from the public cannot directly instruct an advocate to do work for him or her. There are however certain exceptions. However, from August 2018, advocates with Trust Accounts may take on an instruction from a member of the public. An attorney’s intervention would therefore not be required. Under the latter scenario, the client would act as the attorney, do all the work the attorney would usually do, and then instruct the advocate to do what she does best. Sticking to the current legal position, the role of an advocate is closely linked to that of an attorney. The Attorney would meet with, and initially consult with the client, take instructions, and request a deposit of some sort. The deposit would be paid into the attorneys Trust Account. Should the matter require an advocate, the attorney would prepare a brief (or case file), with all relevant information in it and forward it to the advocate. The advocate would then act on the brief or instruction of the attorney and bill the attorney accordingly for services rendered in the case. If for instance the attorney did not request a deposit from the client beforehand, and nonetheless instructed the advocate; the attorney is still obliged to pay the advocate her fee. That would be a risk the attorney is taking.

What type of work does advocates do for attorneys or clients?

Advocates would usually do work that the attorney’s practice does not cater for. An attorney is usually a general legal practitioner, who runs a law office. This would entail meeting with clients on a regular basis, taking calls, writing letters, filing documents at court etc. As seen above, attorneys also need to prepare briefs for advocates and pay them. Therefore, an attorney can be seen as a case manager when it comes to dealing with an advocate, and cases in general. Therefore, you would never see an advocate writing a letter of demand.

Court work in the Magistrates and High Courts

An Advocate would be briefed to draft pleadings (court documents) as well as legal opinions. This type of work is very focused and requires a few hours at a time to be set aside for it. Advocates then also need to prepare for trials. In this regard, the case needs to be studies, strategies formulated, and possible questions needs to be drawn up. It takes a lot of time to work out what are good questions to be asked in cross examination of witnesses. The right question, can be the deciding factor in winning or losing a case. Therefore, an advocates office cannot be burdened with daily administrative tasks which attorneys best do. Arguments in legal cases in the Higher Court or Magistrates Court At the end of a court case, lawyers need to provide arguments to court as to why their case should succeed. Now let’s say there were five witnesses that were called to provide evidence in a divorce case. Each of them provided evidence on the witness stand for about a day. At the end of evidence presented, and the close of each party’s case, the advocate needs to go back to his chambers to prepare closing arguments. She needs to focus and apply her mind in finding the most convincing arguments based on the evidence presented in order to succeed in her case. She will bear in mind that there is an advocate who may try to discredit her arguments should they be weak or incorrect. In motion or application procedures, evidence is provided in affidavit form. Therefore, the parties do not go on the witness stand and say what happened. They do so in an affidavit and submit it to Court. A typical case where motion procedure is appropriate would be Child Custody matters. Once all the parties submitted their affidavits to court, the parties’ legal representatives would file, what they term, heads of argument.

Legal Opinions on Legal Matters or Court Cases

What advocates are often asked to do is to draft opinions on legal matters. Opinions are very useful if you would like to know if you have a winning case beforehand, or what the law says about your specific situation. A lot of time gets spent on drafting an opinion. This is so as the nature of the legal advice required in the opinion is mostly complicated. It is always advisable to obtain an opinion before litigating or taking a matter to court. Spending some money on a well drafted opinion can save you a lot in the future. This is especially so if you do not have a solid case at the outset. Therefore, should you lose your case, you would have had to pay your lawyers as well as the lawyers for the other side. This could all have been avoided if an opinion on the merits of success in your matter was provided.

What do advocates charge attorneys or clients for their services?

An advocate has to charge a reasonable fee for her services. However, what is reasonable depends on the facts of each case. An advocate with years of experience, or an expert on a specific aspect of law, would obviously charge much more than someone who has limited experience in a specific branch of law. It could also be that the new Advocate on the block may even take much more time to learn the law and figure things out. But in general, depending on your years of experience as an advocate, and the nature of the service provided; would determine the fees charged. We trust above brief summary of what an advocate is and what she does, provided by Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf was useful. Visit this website again soon for more interesting articles on the legal profession and family law. We are conveniently situated at The Pinnacle, corner of Strand and Burg Street in the CBD, Cape Town, South Africa. Make use of our online appointment system which is efficient and stress free. Call our offices for an online appointment today.
Posted on by Telelaw

Do you require a video legal advice consultation?

Click here and schedule one today!