Gay and Lesbian (Same-sex) Divorces in South Africa – How does it work?

advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceAs with any marriage, relationship or romantic partnership, there is no guarantee that it will last until death do you part. For a marriage, a divorce is what is needed if the marriage has irretrievably broken down. Much has been written on the issue of divorces in relation to heterosexual marriages where the Marriage Act find application. The same applies to customary marriages. What about same-sex, or gay and lesbian couples who are married and want to get divorced? Does the law cater for such marriages? And how are they different from heterosexual divorces. Before we deal with the dissolution aspect of a same-sex marriage, let us first deal with the validity and legality of the same-sex marriage itself.

What are same-sex marriages?

This sounds like a simple question. However, without presuming too much, let us unpack the law. Here we will look at the Civil Union Act 17 of 2006. It is this Act of Parliament that made same-sex marriages legal in South Africa.

Civil Union Act, 17 of 2006

According to the Civil Union Act, a “civil union” means the voluntary union of two persons who are both 18 years of age or older which is solemnised and registered by way of either a marriage or a civil partnership, in accordance with the procedures prescribed in this Act, to the exclusion, while it lasts, of all others“. Furthermore, according to the Act, a “civil union partner” means a spouse in a marriage or a partner in a civil partnership. as the case may be, concluded in terms of this Act“. From the aforementioned, it is clear that there are two types of civil unions, the one is a marriage, and the other is a civil partnership. Now let us have a look at what the legal requirements are for a gay or lesbian couple to enter into a same-sex marriage as provided for in the Civil Union Act.

Requirements for solemnisation and registration of a civil union

The requirements for the solemnisation and registration of a civil union are as follows as provided for in the Act: “8. (1) A person may only be a spouse or partner in one marriage or civil partnership. ( 2 ) A person in a civil union may not conclude a marriage under the Marriage Act or the Customary Marriages Act. (3) A person who is married under the Marriage Act or the Customary Marriages Act may not register a civil union. (4) A prospective civil union partner who has previously been married under the Marriage Act or Customary Marriages Act or registered as a spouse in a marriage or a partner in a civil partnership under this Act, must present a certified copy of the divorce order, or death certificate of the former spouse or partner, as the case may be, to the marriage officer as proof that the previous marriage or civil union has been terminated. ( 5 ) The marriage officer may not proceed with the solemnisation and registration of the civil union unless in possession of the relevant documentation referred to in subsection ( 4 ). ( 6 ) A civil union may only be registered by prospective civil union partners who would apart from the fact that they are of the same sex, not be prohibited by law from as the case may be, at any given time,  concluding a marriage under the Marriage Act or Customary Marriages Act.” The aforementioned clauses basically say you should not be married, and there should be no legal reason why you cannot get married.

Now let us move on to the issue of divorces when it comes to gay and lesbian marriages

Should a gay or lesbian couple married in terms of the Civil Union Act wish to get divorced, the procedure is the same as would be in a marriage solemnised in terms of the Marriage Act. The legal documents, however, would be slightly different. For example, in the case of a gay marriage, where it comes to the type of civil marriage, and children, the following clauses would be inserted in the Particulars of Claim:
  1. The parties entered into a marriage or a civil partnership; and
  2. There are no children of the marriage, either through adoption or surrogacy;
Otherwise, the procedure would be exactly the same, save for in a gay marriage, only the word he would be used to describe the spouse and the word she, for a lesbian couple.

Contact us to assist you with your same-sex divorce

advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceIf your same-sex marriage has irretrievably broken down, and you wish to get divorced, feel free to contact our offices for assistance. Based on our experience with same-sex divorces, additional knowledge on the law may be required when it comes to preparing the legal documents.
Posted on by Telelaw

Gay and Lesbian (Same-sex) Divorces in South Africa – How does it work?

advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceAs with any marriage, relationship or romantic partnership, there is no guarantee that it will last until death do you part. For a marriage, a divorce is what is needed if the marriage has irretrievably broken down. Much has been written on the issue of divorces in relation to heterosexual marriages where the Marriage Act find application. The same applies to customary marriages. What about same-sex, or gay and lesbian couples who are married and want to get divorced? Does the law cater for such marriages? And how are they different from heterosexual divorces. Before we deal with the dissolution aspect of a same-sex marriage, let us first deal with the validity and legality of the same-sex marriage itself.

What are same-sex marriages?

This sounds like a simple question. However, without presuming too much, let us unpack the law. Here we will look at the Civil Union Act 17 of 2006. It is this Act of Parliament that made same-sex marriages legal in South Africa.

Civil Union Act, 17 of 2006

According to the Civil Union Act, a “civil union” means the voluntary union of two persons who are both 18 years of age or older which is solemnised and registered by way of either a marriage or a civil partnership, in accordance with the procedures prescribed in this Act, to the exclusion, while it lasts, of all others“.

Furthermore, according to the Act, a “civil union partner” means a spouse in a marriage or a partner in a civil partnership. as the case may be, concluded in terms of this Act“.

From the aforementioned, it is clear that there are two types of civil unions, the one is a marriage, and the other is a civil partnership.

Now let us have a look at what the legal requirements are for a gay or lesbian couple to enter into a same-sex marriage as provided for in the Civil Union Act.

Requirements for solemnisation and registration of a civil union

The requirements for the solemnisation and registration of a civil union are as follows as provided for in the Act:

“8. (1) A person may only be a spouse or partner in one marriage or civil partnership.
( 2 ) A person in a civil union may not conclude a marriage under the Marriage Act or the Customary Marriages Act.
(3) A person who is married under the Marriage Act or the Customary Marriages Act may not register a civil union.
(4) A prospective civil union partner who has previously been married under the Marriage Act or Customary Marriages Act or registered as a spouse in a marriage or a partner in a civil partnership under this Act, must present a certified copy of the divorce order, or death certificate of the former spouse or partner, as the case may be, to the marriage officer as proof that the previous marriage or civil union has been terminated.
( 5 ) The marriage officer may not proceed with the solemnisation and registration of the civil union unless in possession of the relevant documentation referred to in subsection ( 4 ).
( 6 ) A civil union may only be registered by prospective civil union partners who would apart from the fact that they are of the same sex, not be prohibited by law from as the case may be, at any given time,  concluding a marriage under the Marriage Act or Customary Marriages Act.”

The aforementioned clauses basically say you should not be married, and there should be no legal reason why you cannot get married.

Now let us move on to the issue of divorces when it comes to gay and lesbian marriages

Should a gay or lesbian couple married in terms of the Civil Union Act wish to get divorced, the procedure is the same as would be in a marriage solemnised in terms of the Marriage Act. The legal documents, however, would be slightly different. For example, in the case of a gay marriage, where it comes to the type of civil marriage, and children, the following clauses would be inserted in the Particulars of Claim:

  1. The parties entered into a marriage or a civil partnership; and
  2. There are no children of the marriage, either through adoption or surrogacy;

Otherwise, the procedure would be exactly the same, save for in a gay marriage, only the word he would be used to describe the spouse and the word she, for a lesbian couple.

Contact us to assist you with your same-sex divorce

advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceIf your same-sex marriage has irretrievably broken down, and you wish to get divorced, feel free to contact our offices for assistance. Based on our experience with same-sex divorces, additional knowledge on the law may be required when it comes to preparing the legal documents.

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Top tips from a Senior Family Law Advocate on how to deal with your Child Custody matter in the Kuruman Children’s Court

 

Family law legal matters can be very stressful. This is so whether you live in Kuruman or any other city in South Africa. Especially so if you have no idea how the legal processes work. It is one thing to know that you are entitled to child support, but it is a totally different matter to know the law and procedure on how to claim child support. Luckily in child maintenance matters, the maintenance court is there to assist you in completing the application form. However, many times that is not enough. Especially so if the other parent has a lawyer and knows how to present the case for his or her client.

This article, however, deals with some top tips in care and contact or custody matters in the Children’s Court in Kuruman. It would explain the processes involved and advise on how to be best prepared for your matter. This advice is applicable whether you live in Kuruman or any other city in South Africa.

What to do before visiting the Kuruman Children’s Court

Before you approach the Children’s Court in Kuruman, first try to resolve the issues with the other parent. Therefore, if you want more contact with your child and the other parent is refusing, try to resolve the matter first with that parent. If that does not work, try mediation. The mediator can be anyone, from a trusted mutual friend, priest, or other religious leaders, or a professional like an attorney, psychologist, or the office of the Family Advocate. Kuruman has many professionals that can assist you in this regard. If resolving the matter by yourselves is not possible, or mediation fails, then we suggest you approach the Kuruman Children’s Court for assistance.

TIP: Focus on getting someone neutral to assist in mediating your matter. Organisations like FAMSA and FAMAC can be of assistance. Google them.

Approaching the Kuruman Children’s Court

The Kuruman Children’s Court should be approached if it is the closest Children’s Court to you. You need to verify with the Kuruman Children’s Court that you fall under their area of jurisdiction. If not, they would direct you to which Children’s Court is applicable to you.

Once you arrive at the Kuruman Children’s Court, they will provide you with a form headed “Bringing Matter to Court in Terms of Section 53 Children’s Act, 2005 (Act no. 38 of 2005) Regulation Relating to Children’s Court and International Child Abduction, 2008 [Regulation 6]. This form is also called Form 2.

In this form, you will provide all your particulars and that of the child or children and the other parent. The sections in the form are as follows:

  • PART A: PARTICULARS OF CHILD(REN)
  • PART B: PARTICULARS OF *CHILD WHO IS AFFECTED BY OR INVOLVED IN THE MATTER/PERSON *ACTING IN THE INTEREST OF THE CHILD/*ON BEHALF OF THE CHILD WHO CANNOT ACT IN HIS/HER OWN NAME/ *MEMBER OF A GROUP OF CLASS OF CHILDREN/*IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST (SECTION 53(2)
  • PART C: PARTICULARS OF PERSONS HAVING AN INTEREST IN THE MATTER
  • PART D: PARTICULARS OF MATTER

In part D, the following is stated which you need to provide in the form:

  • Nature of matter brought to Court: (Please give full details of the matter e.g., registration/amendment of parenting plans, removal of child to safe care, children in need of care and protection, placement in youth care centers, adoption etc.
  • Documents: Are there any documents relating to the matter? (If so please attach)

Once you have completed the form and attached the relevant documents to it, you must take it to a commissioner of Oaths to have it commissioned. It does not have to be in Kuruman.

TIP: Draft a separate affidavit explaining your case. Outline some background information and reasons why the Court should give you what you request. Attach it to Form 2.

Processing your Application at the Kuruman Children’s Court

Once you complete the Form A and submit it to the Clerk of the Kuruman Children’s Court, they will process it and allocate it a case number or reference number. The Clerk of the Court would then allocate a date to the matter and advise the parties accordingly when the court date is. Please note that some courts follow a different process for processing the application and informing the parties of the court date. Please enquire from the Court when making the application what process they follow.

TIP: Obtain the contact details of the Court for you to contact them to obtain the Court date or other information. Ask for their contact number and email address.

Appearing in the Kuruman Children’s Court

When notified of the Court date, both you and the other parent should attend. If you are making use of a lawyer (Advocate or Attorney), inform them timeously of the date. Depending on the Court, you may first see the Clerk or go directly to the Magistrate. The Children’s Court would do its best to try to resolve the matter. If the parents cannot come to an agreement, the Children’s Court may postpone the matter for either of the following:

  • Get a social worker involved in the matter;
  • Appoint a legal representative for the minor child;
  • Implement interim care and contact arrangements;
  • Having the parties attempt to agree on a parenting plan;
  •  

In serious matters, the Court may remove the minor child from both parents and place the child in foster care. The powers of the Children’s Court are extensive. It will, however, focus on what is in the child’s best interests.

TIP: Be as vocal as possible. Do not expect the Court to be understanding of your case or be on your side. It is your duty to explain your case and provide the Court with all the relevant information they require for them to make a fair decision.

Finalising the matter in the Kuruman Children’s Court

Once the Kuruman Children’s Court has enough information to make a final decision, it will do so. Depending on the facts of the matter, that could either be making a Parenting Plan, an Order of the Court or a final care and contact Order. The Court may even make further interim orders, where the parties are to return to Court after a few months, or a year later.

TIP: Do not agree to something just because the social worker, a lawyer, or the Court suggest it. You need to be happy with what is decided.

The above Kuruman Children’s Court Application tips should apply to the following provinces and cities:

Eastern Cape:

Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha

Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha

Free State:

Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom

Gauteng:

Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging

KwaZulu-Natal:

Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi

Limpopo:

Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi

Mpumalanga:

Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth

Western Cape:

Bellville, Kuruman, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester

Posted on by Telelaw

History of the law of exercising contact and care rights of parents during the lockdown in South Africa – The rollercoaster ride for parents and lawyers

The national lockdown not only affected our movement by keeping us in our homes. It also affected our relationships with people important and dearest in our lives. Here we refer to family, friends and colleagues to mention a few. Before the lockdown commenced in South Africa, parents were exercising contact with their children as they always have in the past. Friends and family gatherings were not seen as a privilege but as part of daily life, and an inherent right. However, when the lockdown commenced, things drastically changed. And without warning.

The following are a few of the actual consequences of the lockdown when it comes to family relations:

  • Spouses or partners who would only see each other for part of the day, now see each other virtually the entire day;
  • Schools are closed, and parents can only care for children at their homes;
  • Children were not allowed to move between parents as they were used to at the start of the lockdown;
  • Visits to close friends and your relatives are prohibited. Therefore, adult children may not have seen their parents since the lockdown commenced.
  • Siblings, cousins and spouses living in different provinces would not have seen each other for weeks.

The commencement of the National Lockdown in South Africa

The date 27 March 2020, is of great significance to all South Africans. It is the day were all South African’s were placed under lockdown. This was something no South African was prepared for. The call was imminent. The life we lived before that day, would not be lived for quite some time to come. Now let us look at the regulations dealing with the movement of children during the lockdown.

First Regulations regarding the movement of children during the lockdown

Regulations were then issued concerning the movement of children. In terms of the Regulations at the time, minor children were to remain in the care of the parent who had the child at the time. Have a look at an article written by Adv. Muhammad Abduroaf on this issue: “The child must remain in the custody of the parent with whom the child was with when the lockdown period started” – Directive 6(m)(ii) in terms of the Regulations [30 March 2020] This caused huge challenges for many parents. It meant that a parent who never cared for a child for longer than a day would now have to care for the child for the entire lockdown period. This also caused a huge stir. Not only for parents but also for the legal profession, especially for a lawyer who specialises in family law.

Second set of Regulations regarding the movement of children during the lockdown

The Regulations then changed, allowing movement as long as you have a registered parenting plan, or a parental rights and responsibilities agreement, both registered with the Office of the Family Advocate, or an Order of Court. This was also problematic as parents who did not have the latter documents could not have contact with their minor children. Have a look at an article written by Adv. Muhammad Abduroaf on this issue entitled: New lockdown regulations regarding the movement of children – Certain Parents may move children during the National Lockdown period No equality and dignity for parents without Court Order and Registered Plans and Agreements  

Third set of Regulations regarding the movement of children during the lockdown

Then the regulations were again changed. It further allowed for the movement of children of parents who do not have a registered parenting plan, or a registered parental rights and responsibilities agreement or an Order of the Court. They may move from one home to another to collect and return their minor child with one requirement. They must have in their possession the birth certificate of the child, or a certified copy thereof. Have a look at an article written by Adv. Muhammad Abduroaf on this issue entitled: Latest Regulations: No Court order, registered agreement or parenting plan is required for the movement of children during the lockdown – 16 April 2020.

Fourth set of Regulations regarding the movement of children during the lockdown

Then came the recent regulations which have been issued after the extended lockdown in May 2020. In essence, parents may move with their child if they have a registered parenting plan, or a parental rights and responsibilities agreement or an Order of the Court. Another requirement was that the home the child is to move to is free from COVID-19. You will note that the birth certificate requirement for the parents who do not have the latter documents no longer applies. If parents do not have a registered parenting plan, or a registered parental rights and responsibilities agreement or an Order of the Court, they may collect and drop-off the child only after they obtained a Magistrate’s Permit. A parent who has rights of contact needs to approach the magistrate in the area where he or she lives to obtain a permit to move the child. Have a look at these two posts on the topic. The Magistrate’s Permit – 3 steps to obtain your permit to collect your child during lockdown The Magistrate’s Permit – New regulations on Movement of children during the Lockdown It should be noted that the permit does not give you rights of care and contact. It only allows you to move the child. So, if the police stop you, you can show them the permit. If you and the other parent have disputes regarding contact, you cannot use the permit as a way of enforcing contact. That must be resolved at a court of law. Therefore, if you visit the child to collect him with a permit, and the other parent refuses you contact, you still need to approach the relevant court.

Fifth set of Regulations regarding the movement of children during the lockdown

On Thursday 28 May 2020, the Minister issued regulations which took effect on 1 June 2020. This was when level 3 of the lockdown was implemented in South Africa. The regulations regarding the movement of children remained largely the same, except for the inter-provincial movement of children and student in relation to attending their places of learning. In short, the head of the school, or institution of higher learning must issue a certificate for the purposes of travelling between provinces. The regulations can be downloaded here.

Future regulations regarding the movement of children during the lockdown

As can be seen from the aforesaid, the government has thus far issued 5 (five) sets of regulations regarding the movement of children between parents. Depending on how the fight of the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, it may call for changes to the regulations on the movement of children. We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws
Posted on by Telelaw