[caption id="attachment_7078" align="alignleft" width="246"] Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Advocate of the High Court of South Africa[/caption]

ABC guide to applying for Child Support/Child Maintenance

Child Maintenance Guide: Written by Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf The procedures to be followed in instituting a complaint for child maintenance are regulated by the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998. Below is a simple “ABC” guide to get you started in claiming maintenance for yourself, your children or dependents. This I wrote in order to encourage people to claim needed maintenance for their children or for themselves. Remember, the Maintenance Court would be more than happy to assist you with whatever other legal queries you may have. Before I deal with the simple steps that should be followed in claiming maintenance, I shall first deal with the following question:

Q: From whom may maintenance be claimed?

A: Maintenance may be claimed from persons who have a legal obligation to maintain you. For instance, children can claim maintenance from their parents or a wife from her husband and visa versa. Seeing that children are minors, they are assisted by their parent or guardian through the maintenance process, but in actual fact, it is the child who is claiming. For the purposes of the steps below, I shall structure it as if a parent or guardian is claiming maintenance on behalf of the child.

Income and Expenses – Step 1 …

Get hold of all your proof of income. E.g. pay slips. If you are not working for an employer, you should get hold of proof that you earn a certain amount of money per month. If you are unemployed, that is in order. Get together a list of all monthly expenses incurred for yourself and your children. This would include rent, groceries, clothes, entertainment, etc. This information is required when filling in the maintenance application form that is dealt with in Step 2 below. Find out all the details of the person from whom you are requesting maintenance. For example, his/her home and work address and identity number.

Visit the Maintenance Court – Step 2 …

Go to the Maintenance Court closes to your area and obtain an “Application for Maintenance Order Form” also referred to as “Form A”. Use the information you have gathered in Step 1 and fill in the form. The form is in the form of an affidavit and you, therefore, have to swear to the correctness of the information under oath and sign. Therefore, do not hide any information for the Court. Caution: If your information is not 100 % correct, you may be cross-examined on such correctness in Court and if it is found that you were not totally honest, this would not be in your favour. If you require any assistance in filling in the form, the maintenance officers would be happy to assist you. Once you have filled in the Application for Maintenance Order Form, return it to the maintenance officer who will process it for you. If the maintenance officer can provide you with a reference/case number there and then, request it. The Maintenance Court will send you and the person you are claiming maintenance from a letter or subpoena to appear at the Maintenance Court for an inquiry with the maintenance officer. Diarise the date immediately and make arrangements with your work and a babysitter as soon as possible. If you miss the date, it can take months to get another.

Get your document in order – Step 3…

From the time you left the office of the maintenance officer and even from the time you decided to claim maintenance, keep all receipts you received for any items bought for you and your child. Therefore, if you buy nappies for your child or even a toy, keep that receipt as if it is gold. This is due to you having to prove to the court that you really do spend money on the child and you have the receipts to prove it. You will soon hear from the Maintenance Court where they will be giving you a date to appear back at the Maintenance Court for an inquiry. They would either inform you by post or by a subpoena. On that date, both you and the person from whom maintenance is claimed would have to appear. If you are planning on making use of a legal representative, inform him/her early about the date so that he/she can be available to assist you at Court.

[video width="1920" height="1080" mp4="https://www.ourlawyer.co.za/wp-content/uploads/Child-Custody-Visitation-and-Contact.mp4"][/video] In the notice to appear for the maintenance enquiry, it is requested that you bring proof of all expenses and income for you and your child. This is why it is so very important for you to keep all proof of expenditure in a safe place. Hint: If you can afford to, bring original proof of expenditure and income and a photocopy thereof. The original you would then be able to take back home and bring it back when requested and the copy will stay in the Court file.

The Maintenance Enquiry – Step 4 …

This step deals with the maintenance enquiry where you and the person from whom you are claiming maintenance from will appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer will speak to each of the parties and look at the documents provided. Each party will get a chance to explain why he/she requires maintenance and also why he/she can’t afford the maintenance requested. The maintenance officer will as far as possible try to resolve the matter there and then without it having to go to court. If the parties can agree to an amount, this amount can be made an order of the court. If however an agreement cannot be reached at this stage, the matter, depending on the Court will either be referred to a prosecutor or for trial.

Remember, if you are a father or a person currently paying maintenance/child support, a reduction is possible. The same goes for an application for an increase in maintenance/child support

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This and other articles and posts found on this website are written by Adv. Muhammad Abduroaf to assist people with various family law related issues they may have. If you find any of our articles, free resources and posts interesting, or possibly useful to others, please share it on Social Media. Should you require any other legal services and advice, not related to family law, visit Private Legal. Purchase a Consultation with us from our Online Shop, by clicking here. [caption id="attachment_8258" align="alignleft" width="476"] Child Custody and Visitation

Child Custody Visitation and Contact[/caption]

Posted on 11 February 2025 by Telelaw

Advocate of the High Court of South Africa Family Law legal Services — Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Advocate of the High Court of South Africa

ABC guide to applying for Child Support/Child Maintenance

Child Maintenance Guide: Written by Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf

The procedures to be followed in instituting a complaint for child maintenance are regulated by the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998. Below is a simple “ABC” guide to get you started in claiming maintenance for yourself, your children or dependents. This I wrote in order to encourage people to claim needed maintenance for their children or for themselves. Remember, the Maintenance Court would be more than happy to assist you with whatever other legal queries you may have. Before I deal with the simple steps that should be followed in claiming maintenance, I shall first deal with the following question:

Q: From whom may maintenance be claimed?

Income and Expenses – Step 1 …

Get together a list of all monthly expenses incurred for yourself and your children. This would include rent, groceries, clothes, entertainment, etc. This information is required when filling in the maintenance application form that is dealt with in Step 2 below.

Find out all the details of the person from whom you are requesting maintenance. For example, his/her home and work address and identity number.

Visit the Maintenance Court – Step 2 …

Go to the Maintenance Court closes to your area and obtain an “Application for Maintenance Order Form” also referred to as “Form A”.

Use the information you have gathered in Step 1 and fill in the form. The form is in the form of an affidavit and you, therefore, have to swear to the correctness of the information under oath and sign. Therefore, do not hide any information for the Court.

Caution: If your information is not 100 % correct, you may be cross-examined on such correctness in Court and if it is found that you were not totally honest, this would not be in your favour. If you require any assistance in filling in the form, the maintenance officers would be happy to assist you. Once you have filled in the Application for Maintenance Order Form, return it to the maintenance officer who will process it for you. If the maintenance officer can provide you with a reference/case number there and then, request it. The Maintenance Court will send you and the person you are claiming maintenance from a letter or subpoena to appear at the Maintenance Court for an inquiry with the maintenance officer. Diarise the date immediately and make arrangements with your work and a babysitter as soon as possible. If you miss the date, it can take months to get another.

Get your document in order – Step 3…

You will soon hear from the Maintenance Court where they will be giving you a date to appear back at the Maintenance Court for an inquiry. They would either inform you by post or by a subpoena. On that date, both you and the person from whom maintenance is claimed would have to appear. If you are planning on making use of a legal representative, inform him/her early about the date so that he/she can be available to assist you at Court.

In the notice to appear for the maintenance enquiry, it is requested that you bring proof of all expenses and income for you and your child. This is why it is so very important for you to keep all proof of expenditure in a safe place.

Hint: If you can afford to, bring original proof of expenditure and income and a photocopy thereof. The original you would then be able to take back home and bring it back when requested and the copy will stay in the Court file.

The Maintenance Enquiry – Step 4 …

Remember, if you are a father or a person currently paying maintenance/child support, a reduction is possible. The same goes for an application for an increase in maintenance/child support

Sharing is Caring

Should you require any other legal services and advice, not related to family law, visit Private Legal.

Purchase a Consultation with us from our Online Shop, by clicking here.

Child Custody and Visitation — Child Custody Visitation and Contact

30 May 2020 – Latest Regulations on the movement of minor children during the lockdown – The introduction of the Magistrate’s Permit
The Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, published new regulations regarding the Lockdown on 29 April 2020. As from 1 May 2020, South Africa’s lockdown would be on Level 4, one level down from when it started. The new regulations bring challenging changes regarding the movement of children between parents. For example, the provision of applying for a Magistrate’s permit. Therefore, some of the new regulations are welcomed by us, and others not. The regulations are further below. Click here to read an article regarding the previous regulations on the movement of children. Summary of the recent regulations that will come in effect tomorrow 1 May 2020:

Local movement of children during the lockdown

Movement of Children may only take place in the same metropolitan area or district municipality if the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights or a caregiver is: (a) in possession of a Court Order; or (b) a parental responsibilities and rights agreement or parenting plan, registered with the family advocate; or (c) a permit issued by a magistrate which corresponds with Form 3 of Annexure A if the latter documentation is not available; and (d) The household to which the child has to move must be free of COVID-19. Before a magistrate may issue a permit, he or she must be provided with a birth certificate or certified copy of a birth certificate of the child or children to prove a legitimate relationship between the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights. Furthermore, written reasons as to why the movement of the child is necessary must be provided. In our view, the permit application is a step back. This we say as previously there was no need for the application for a permit. The courts would be inundated with such applications. Producing a birth certificate as previously required should have continued.

Inter-Provincial movement of children during the National lockdown

The regulations now allow for a once-off movement of children between provinces during the lockdown. It states: “Any child who was not at the residence of their primary caregiver before the lockdown period and who could not travel between provinces, metropolitan and district areas during the lockdown will be permitted, on a once-off basis, to return to the residence of their primary caregiver if the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights or a caregiver is in possession of a permit issued by a magistrate which corresponds with Form 3 of annexure A.” Before a magistrate issues a permit, he or she must be provided with: (a) a court order; or (b) a parental responsibilities and rights agreement or parenting plan registered with the family advocate; or (c) a birth certificate or certified copy of a birth certificate of the child or children to prove a legitimate relationship between the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights, and (d) written reasons why the movement of the child is necessary. Furthermore, the household to which the child has to move must be free of COVID-19. Click here to read an article regarding the previous regulations on the movement of children.

Below are the relevant regulations and the relevant form the Magistrate must provide. Movement of children

(1) The movement of children between co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights or a caregiver, as defined in section 1(1) of the Children’s Act, 2005 (Act No. 38 of 2005), in the same metropolitan area or district municipality is allowed subject to the following if the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights or a caregiver is in possession of—

(a) a court order; or (b) a parental responsibilities and rights agreement or parenting plan, registered with the family advocate (c) a permit issued by a magistrate where which corresponds with Form 3 of Annexure A if the documentation in paragraphs (a) and (b) is not available. (2) The movement of children between co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights or a caregiver, as defined in section 1(1) of the Children’s Act, 2005 (Act No. 38 of 2005), between different metropolitan areas, district municipalities or provinces is allowed if the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights or a caregiver is in possession of a permit, issued by a magistrate which corresponds with Form 3 of Annexure A. (3) Any child who was not at the residence of their primary caregiver before the lockdown period and who could not travel between provinces, metropolitan and district areas during the lockdown will be permitted, on a once-off basis, to return to the residence of their primary caregiver if the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights or a caregiver is in possession of a permit issued by a magistrate which corresponds with Form 3 of annexure A. (4) The household to which the child has to move, must be free of COVID-19. (5) (a) Before a magistrate issues a permit referred to in regulation 17(1)(c), he or she must be provided with— (i) birth certificate or certified copy of a birth certificate of the child or children to prove a legitimate relationship between the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights; and (ii) written reasons why the movement of the child is necessary. (b) Before a magistrate issues a permit referred to in 17(2) or (3), he or she must be provided with— (i) A court order (ii) a parental responsibilities and rights agreement or parenting plan registered with the family advocate or (iii) a birth certificate or certified copy of a birth certificate of the child or children to prove a legitimate relationship between the co-holders of parental responsibilities and rights; and (iv) written reasons why the movement of the child is necessary.

[caption id="attachment_9098" align="alignleft" width="651"]

Permit issued by a Magistrate for the movement of children during the lockdown[/caption] We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws

Click here to read an article regarding the previous regulations on the movement of children.

Posted on 11 February 2025 by Telelaw

Best Divorce Lawyer Advice – Focus on your case – not the emotions involved

Once upon a time, an individual and their spouse were deeply engaged in a profound romantic relationship, characterized by love and mutual respect. This connection led to the pivotal decision to enter into marriage and embark on a shared life journey. Following their union, they may have welcomed children into their family and created a multitude of cherished memories—celebrations, milestones, and everyday moments that strengthened their bond. However, over time, a significant turning point emerged, one that fundamentally altered the trajectory of their relationship. Disagreements began to surface, leading to a gradual emotional detachment between the partners. Despite their best efforts to restore the affection they once felt for each other, these attempts proved unsuccessful, ultimately culminating in the contemplation of divorce.

Best Strategies for Navigating Divorce for Optimal Outcomes

It is not uncommon to witness clients struggling with the emotional ramifications of divorce as they seek assistance in addressing various legal matters. When clients approach us, they often face challenges that extend beyond emotional distress, including the complexities associated with child custody, division of assets, and personal maintenance. Some clients may operate under the misconception that criticizing their partner or airing grievances will enhance their chances of obtaining a more favorable outcome. However, it is crucial to understand that while these emotions are valid and significant, they do not directly impact the objective issues at hand concerning children, property, and financial support.

Best Legal Strategy to employ in Divorces

As legal professionals, our primary goal is to assist clients in navigating their emotional challenges effectively, allowing us to redirect our focus toward the substantive issues that require resolution. This pivotal transition is essential; it serves as a breakthrough moment that enables both the client and their attorney to approach the case with clarity and a constructive mindset. While we remain empathetic to our clients’ emotional experiences, it becomes evident that managing these emotions better facilitates a more effective and favorable resolution to their legal matters.

Focusing on Relevant Legal Issues

Once we have successfully guided clients beyond the emotional turmoil associated with divorce, a concerted focus can be established on the critical legal issues that need to be addressed. The primary objectives during this phase encompass securing an equitable settlement or achieving a favorable judgment through trial proceedings. It is imperative to recognize that triumph in these legal matters rests on the foundation of factual evidence rather than emotional arguments, leading to improved outcomes for the client. For instance, when determining child support, if the monthly cost of raising a child is established at R 10,000, the court adheres to this figure, irrespective of any negative behavior exhibited by the other parent—such as infidelity or other actions that may have contributed to the marital breakdown. These considerations, while emotionally charged, do not influence the financial outcome in a legal context.

Best way to proceed with your divorce case

Therefore, it is essential for parents involved in divorce proceedings to present comprehensive and accurate evidence that substantiates the actual costs associated with the care of their children. This encompasses not only basic necessities but also additional financial obligations that may arise. Furthermore, it is crucial to clearly outline the financial responsibilities that both parents should assume in relation to these costs. This process emphasizes the necessity of grounding discussions in factual data, thereby highlighting that the legal proceedings should focus on practical issues rather than the emotional narratives surrounding the separation. Such an approach can significantly enhance the likelihood of a favorable resolution that meets the needs of all parties involved. If you wish to consult with us, complete the form below:

Child Custody, Contact rights and more – Children’s Act 38 of 2005

This article gives a short introduction to the Children’s Act.

The Children’s Act 38 of 2005 was a very welcomed piece of legislation. It assists us in answering many issues relating to Family Law. For example. What are the rights of unmarried fathers? Do I as a father of a child born out of wedlock have rights? Do I as a father of a child born in terms of a religious marriage have rights?

Parents who are involved in disputes regarding their children should educate themselves on the provisions of the Children’s Act.

Challenges for unmarried fathers

In our view, unmarried fathers almost always experienced difficulties regarding access to their children if they were separated from their mother. What is even worse, is if a couple was married in terms of religion or custom, and not civilly (e.g. in Court), and the parties separated, where the unmarried father’s position would be the same as that of an unmarried father who was never married to the mother religiously or customary.

Rights of Unmarried Fathers in South Africa

However, if a party was married civilly and divorced, the Divorce Court in the past would deal with the issue of care and contact in relation to the minor children. The usual phrase used was that the mother would have custody over the child, with the father having rights of reasonable access. The position has however improved with the inception of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 for both divorced and unmarried fathers. As outlined below, an unmarried father would have rights over a child, akin to that of a married father, as long as certain conditions are met.

The persistent problem for unmarried parents

However, in our view, based on the custody and contact matters we dealt with since the inception of the Act, mothers are still seen as primary caregivers in practice, and if the mother does not want the father to have contact or care with the child or a say in his or her life, the father would still have to follow the procedures in the Act to give effect to his rights. Sometimes, approaching the Court is the only solution. However, on the whole, the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, is a step in the proper direction for unmarried fathers, and children born out of wedlock. We hope it would improve even more.

The coming into effect of the Children’s Act 38 (Act 38 of 2005)

All sections of the Children’s Act 38 (Act 38 of 2005) came into effect on 1 April 2010. The Children’s Act 38 of 2005 brought many changes regarding the responsibilities and rights of parents and children and also deals with other aspects regarding children, e.g. contraceptives and abortion, etc. Interesting to note are the following sections listed below, there are however others depending on your issues.

Parental responsibilities and rights

Section 18 of the children’s act 38 of 38 2005 states the following: (1) A person may have either full or specific parental responsibilities or rights in respect of a child. (2) The parental responsibilities and rights that a person may have in respect of a Child, include the responsibility and the right- (a) To care for the child; (b) To maintain contact with the child; (c) To act as guardian of the child; and (d) To contribute to the maintenance of the child. (3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), a parent or other person who acts as guardian of a child must (a) Administer and safeguard the child’s property and property interests; (b) Assist or represent the child in administrative, contractual and other legal Matters; or (c) Give or refuse any consent required by law in respect of the child, including- (I) consent to the child marriage (ii) Consent to the child adoption; (iii) Consent to the child departure or removal from the Republic; (iv) Consent to the child application for a passport; and (v) Consent to the alienation or encumbrance of any immovable property of the child. (4) Whenever more than one person has guardianship of a child, each one of them is competent, subject to subsection (5), any other law or any order of a competent court to the contrary, to exercise independently and without the consent of the other any right or responsibility arising from such guardianship. (5) Unless a competent court orders otherwise, the consent of all the persons that have guardianship of a child is necessary in respect of matters set out in subsection (3)(c). We shall now deal with what the Children’s Act of 2005 says the meaning of care and contact are, which are not the traditional words used in the past. In the past, the courts and the legal fraternity used the terms custody and access. This was reflected in divorce papers. Now legal documents use the terms care and contact although some might disagree, it is respectfully submitted that custody is an aspect of care and the Children’s act provides broader responsibilities and rights in this regard.

Meaning of Care in the Children’s Act

The Children’s Act 38 of 2005 defines care as follows: Care in relation to a child, includes, where appropriate- (a) Within available means, providing the child with- (i) a suitable place to live; (ii) Living conditions that are conducive to the child’s health well-being and development; and (iii) The necessary financial support; (b) Safeguarding and promoting the well-being of the child; (c) protecting the child from maltreatment, abuse, neglect, degradation, discrimination, exploitation and any other physical, emotional or moral harm or hazards; (d) respecting, protecting, promoting and securing the fulfilment of, and guarding against any infringement of, the child rights set out in the Bill of Rights and the principles set out in Chapter 2 of this Act; (e) guiding, directing and securing the child education and upbringing, including religious and cultural education and upbringing, in a manner appropriate to the child age, maturity and stage of development; guiding, advising and assisting the child in decisions to be taken by the child in a manner appropriate to the child age, maturity and stage of development; (g) Guiding the behaviour of the child in a humane manner; (h) Maintaining a sound relationship with the child; (I) accommodating any special needs that the child may have; and (j) Generally, ensuring that the best interests of the child is the paramount Concern in all matters affecting the child;

Meaning of Contact in the Children’s Act

According to the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, contact means the following: Contact in relation to a child, means- (a) Maintaining a personal relationship with the child; and (b) If the child lives with someone else- (I) communication on a regular basis with the child in person, including- (AA) visiting the child; or (Bb) being visited by the child; or (ii) Communication on a regular basis with the child in any other manner, Including- (AA) through the post; or (Bb) by telephone or any other form of electronic communication; It is my view that the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 attempts to place greater value to contact between parent and child. There are many sections in the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 that deals with parental responsibilities and rights of parents and children. Get hold of the Act and see how it applies to you. If you are an unmarried father and your rights are being limited by the mother of the child, I advise you to contact a family legal practitioner and discuss your rights with him or her. And to all unmarried fathers out there, fight for your rights as a father, this would be in the child’s best interest.

Sharing is Caring

We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws