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Parental consent for a minor child’s enrolment into a school – What can you do if co-guardianship consent is refused?
Children have a right to a decent education—one which would benefit them in life. Every caring parent wants to give their child the best education possible according to their specific circumstances and station in life. Not all parents earn the same amount of money or have access the best type of education. However, most parents will do their best, which the law and society expect of all parents. In doing so, they ensure that their child has the best opportunities in life.Parents co-operating in educating their minor children
It is vitally important for parents to co-operate when it comes to their minor child’s education. This relates to the enrollment into a school, the paying of school fees, transportation, parent involvement, homework, etc. If one parent does not wish to be involved in the child’s education, they should not hinder or obstruct the other parent from attending to the minor child’s education. For example, if the primary caregiver wants to enrol the minor child into a school, the other parent should co-operate in signing the necessary documents etc. It would be gravely unfortunate if a child’s right to a reasonable education is being prejudiced because the uninterested parent does not want to co-operate. 
Parents not agreeing on the school the minor child should attend
Having dealt with the critical aspect of a minor child receiving a decent education and them co-operating; parents sometimes have conflicting views on what type of education is in the minor child’s best interests. Disputes may arise as to what school the minor child should attend or the subjects they should do. Parents being unable to agree on the essential aspects of the minor child’s education can cause severe problems for the minor child’s future. The law does not expect parents to agree on all aspects of the minor child’s education. However, the disagreement should not compromise the minor child’s education. If there is an impasse, a parent must give in. The law, therefore, expects parents to agree on those important issues regarding the minor child’s education and work together on making the minor child’s educational journey as smooth as possible.Where do most educational disputes stem from?
Most parental disputes regarding a minor child’s education arise when the parents are separated or not living together. Here the reference is made to divorced parents or parents who were in a relationship and now separated. This is unfortunate as the minor child already has to deal with having parents living in separate homes and sharing time with each parent. It is not the minor child’s fault that his or her parents are not together or have issues. An issue may be where one parent prefers a school closer to their home and the other closer to their work. Or a parent prefers the minor child to attend a school which historically excelled in sport or academia.Issue of affordability of education
Other considerations are that of affordability or the cost of education. One parent may not be able to afford the school fees of the current or new school. These are challenges that are not easy to resolve. When it comes to money issues, it is difficult to find solutions without looking into the parents’ pocket. This also comes with its own challenges. This is so as you would have to firstly deal with the issue of what is a better school for the minor child, and then the issue of affordability, location and so on. It is easy to determine which school is in theory better than the other by ticking off boxes. However, if school fees would not be paid, the exercise may be futile, when dealing with schools outside the affordability bracket of the parents.When does the issue of a change in schooling arise?
Most of the minor child’s educational disputes between the parents comes to play when the child has to enrol into a new school. Usually in grade R or grade 7. If the child is attending a school, parents would usually not bring up any issues until those grades have been completed (or are soon to be completed). As a primary care giver of your child, you would want to ensure that your child has a school ready to attend the following year. You would also want to ensure that the school is an ideal school, considering the fees, location, subjects they offer and so on. If you leave this issue of application and enrolment into schools too late, you may end up having to enrol your child into as school far from your home or work. It may happen that the school your child ultimately attends do not have the curriculum you want for your child.Parental consent for enrolment into a new school
Schools require both guardians of a minor child to enrol them into a school. This is especially so if the father’s name is on the birth certificate. If the parents are separated, and either parent is uncooperative, the child may not get accepted into a school timeously or into the best-suited school for him or her. If parents have their own personal issues between the two of them, then the situation becomes worse. One parent may try to use his or her right to consent as leverage for something else. For example, he or she will only consent if her or she does not have to pay any school fees.What do you do if parental consent is not provided?
If there is a dispute regarding the school your child should attend, and it cannot be resolved between the parents; we suggest you try to mediate the issue with an experienced mediator or family counsellor. If that does not happen because the other parent does not want to partake, or the outcome is unsatisfactory to you, then you would have to approach the Court for assistance in resolving the matter. This is unfortunate as the child is the one who would suffer as he or she would be attending the school. The Court can make an order that only one parent’s consent is required for the enrolment of the minor child into a school.What does the Court look at when deciding on parental consent?
As always, the court always looks at what is in the minor child’s best interest when it comes to issues surrounding him or her. Therefore, when it comes to parental consent issues in relation to education, the court would have to decide what is best for the minor child. Is it best that the minor child attend school A, or School B.? Before the court so decides, it would firstly hear from both parents. It may even ask the Office of the Family Advocate to first investigate and give their recommendations.Court overriding the parents rights
If the court orders that School B would be best, then it would order that the parent who does not support School B should provide his or her consent, failing which, his or her consent is dispensed with. This process can take very long and can become very expensive. It would have been best if the parents used their money towards the minor child’s education. At the end of the day, litigation does not serve the minor child in the long run, especially when it comes to his or her education.
Are you intending on taking someone to court? Have you been sued? Do you require some basic advice on litigation from an experienced advocate? If you answered yes once, this article is for you.
Picture outside the Western Cape High Court in Cape Town [caption id="attachment_8243" align="alignleft" width="412"]
Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf outside the Western Cape High Court[/caption] We asked Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf to provide our readers with some simple and basic information on how to conduct themselves in court litigation. He holds a decade and a half of litigation experience. Who better to ask than him? Learn more about Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf by reading the article, ADVOCATE OF THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf: 
I appeared in court countless amount of times for clients I represented. Furthermore, I drafted thousands of legal documents for them. This I did for litigants as they obviously do not have the necessary skills and experience to do it themselves. Often when a client meets with me, he or she will say this is the first time they have been introduced or embroiled in a legal matter. They are initially a bit anxious and do not know what to expect. Luckily for them, they are legally represented. Litigants are advised on what to expect as their case unfolds. They are informed of the processes that need to be followed and what they have to do in order to provide evidence to the court. As you would see later, this could either be in the form of an affidavit, or orally in Court. Notwithstanding the above, it is always useful to follow some basic guidelines when dealing with a court matter. This is what this article intends to demonstrate. It would be especially useful for someone who is representing themselves in court. In other words, acting in person. Although we advise you to make use of legal representation (advocate or attorney) when engaging in litigation, this article is for those who wish to handle their case on their own. Who are the
parties in a court case?
In civil legal matters, there are usually two opposite sides. Often there will be a Plaintiff and a Defendant. This is called action proceedings. In other cases, you will find an Applicant and a Respondent. This is called Application proceedings. The difference is explained next.Action Proceedings: Commences with a Summons and Particulars of Claim
In action proceedings, there is a Plaintiff and a Defendant. Ultimately the parties will appear in Court to give evidence. In other words, they will step into the witness box and give evidence and answer questions about the specific case. The witness will be examined by his or her attorney or advocate. This is called examination in chief. Then he or she would be examined by the lawyer for the other side. This is called cross-examination. Then there is re-examination. The Plaintiff is the one who institutes the action or starts the case against the Defendant. And of course, the Defendant is the one who is taken to court by the Plaintiff.Application Proceedings: Commences with a Notice of Motion and Founding Affidavit
In Application Proceedings, the parties to the dispute do not give evidence in the witness box. They provide their evidence in the form of a sworn statement or affidavit. It would start with a Notice of Motion. Basically, in the Notice of Motion, you will state exactly what you want from the court. The Applicant would then outline his or her case in the Founding Affidavit, and the Respondent would do so in his or her answering or opposing affidavit. The Applicant would then get a chance to reply to the opposing affidavit if he or she so wishes. The dispute is therefore resolved on affidavits. There is, therefore, no examination of witnesses. The Applicant is the one who starts the legal process and the Respondent is the other party. This article does not go into detail as to when Application proceedings or action proceedings are appropriate. However, if there is a serious dispute of fact at the outset, then action proceedings would be warranted. Now that we have identified who the parties are, let us provide you with some insight as to what the parties should observe when litigating.Point 1: Do you have a case?
Whether or not you are instituting legal proceedings or defending it, it is always important to first determine whether or not you have a case. This might sound obvious, but many people litigate solely on emotion and not on fact. This point applies to whether you are instituting proceedings or whether you are defending it. If you are instituting proceedings and you do not have a case, you would not only be wasting your time and money, you would also have to pay the other side’s legal bill if so ordered. The same principle applies when opposing a case.Point 2: Try to settle the court case early
Even if you have a strong case, it is always wise to attempt to settle it earlier than later. This is before an enormous amount of time and money is used. Many times, sitting face to face with the opposing party can resolve a dispute which could have cost the parties dearly. If sitting face to face is not possible, then try to send a written settlement proposal. This would give the other side something to work with. If they send a counter settlement proposal you are happy with, then take it and move on with your life.Point 3: Obtain professional legal advice
This point could have been mentioned earlier, however, it applies to every step of the case. Although you are handling your own case, it is important that at each step of the way, you are legally informed. What better advantage will you have if you receive advice from someone who has years of legal experience in the field of law you are dealing with? As your case unfolds or evolves, having an experienced person advise you on your next move would be invaluable. This can save you a lot of time and money in the long run.Point4: Stick to timelines and court rules
The court has rules and timelines. Therefore, know them and follow them pedantically. The last thing you want is for default judgment to be granted against you. Even worse, have your matter struck from the Court roll and pay the other party’s legal costs. The court rules are there for a reason. Other than timelines, ensure that your court file is in order, indexed and paginated and presentable for the court. This applies to both action and application proceedings.Point 5: Simplify your case
The adjudicator of your matter is a judge. Although he or she is very learned and wise, he or she does not know the ins and out of your business or issue. It is therefore important that you follow basic principles of simplicity and logic when presenting a case. This could either be when drafting your particulars of claim, or your Notice of Motion. When presenting your case in action proceedings, ask a simple and concise question which would help the court to follow where you are going to. Ask one question at a time. Often lawyers ask two or three questions in a single “question”. For example, the lawyer would ask a witness, “what time did you meet the defendant, and what colour was his jacket and did he sound angry?”. We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws
parties in a court case?