How to appeal to the Constitutional Court – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf

A case usually commences from the Magistrate’s or High Court. If a party to the proceedings is unhappy with the outcome of the Magistrate’s Court decision, he or she will then proceed to appeal to the High Court. If, however, a case has been heard in the High Court, the Appeal would either be heard by a full-bench (usually two judges) in the High Court or the Supreme Court of Appeal would hear it. Once the Supreme Court of Appeal heard the matter and made a ruling, that would usually end it. However, a further appeal may be made to the Constitutional Court if the matter relates to constitutional rights. This Article deals with appeals to the Constitutional Court of South Africa, which has its seat in Braamfontein. Please note that although this article does not deal with it, it is also possible to make a direct application to the Constitutional Court, asking it to sit as a court of first and last instance because of the urgency of the matter or when allowed in terms of the Constitution as can be seen below. According to the website of the Constitutional Court, the contact details of the Constitutional Court is: Court Offices Director of the Constitutional Court: Tel: +27 11 359-7459 Email: [email protected] General office: of the Constitutional Court (Registrar ): Tel: +27 11 359-7468 / 7460 / 7465 / 7592 Email: [email protected] 

What is a Court Appeal?

An appeal is the legal process by which a party requests a formal change to an official decision. This process usually takes place after a party is dissatisfied with a ruling made by a lower court. Appeals are made to a higher court with the intention of reviewing and potentially overturning the lower court’s decision. The purpose of an appeal is to ensure that justice is served by providing a mechanism for correcting errors made by lower courts, thereby upholding the integrity of the judicial process. Therefore, if a party is not happy with the decision of the High Court or the Supreme Court of Appeal regarding a constitutional matter, he or she would then appeal to the Constitutional Court.

The South African Court System

Section 166 of our Constitution (Act 108 or 1996) deals with our Judicial System. It states the following: Judicial system
  1. The courts are—
(a) the Constitutional Court; (b) the Supreme Court of Appeal; (c) the High Court of South Africa, and any high court of appeal that may be established by an Act of Parliament to hear appeals from any court of a status similar to the High Court of South Africa; (d) the Magistrates’ Courts; and (e) any other court established or recognised in terms of an Act of Parliament, including any court of a status similar to either the High Court of South Africa or the Magistrates’ Courts. You will note that the Constitution places the Constitutional Court on top of the list, followed by the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Magistrate’s Court. Seeing that this article deals with appeals to the Constitutional Court, for the sake of completeness, let us deal with the composition of the Constitutional Court. Section 167 of our Constitution states: Constitutional Court
  1. (1) The Constitutional Court consists of the Chief Justice of South Africa, the Deputy Chief Justice and nine other judges.
(2) A matter before the Constitutional Court must be heard by at least eight judges. (3) The Constitutional Court—  (a) is the highest court of the Republic; and  (b) may decide— (i) constitutional matters; and (ii) any other matter, if the Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal on the grounds that the matter raises an arguable point of law of general public importance which ought to be considered by that Court, and  (c) makes the final decision whether a matter is within its jurisdiction. (4) Only the Constitutional Court may— (a) decide disputes between organs of state in the national or provincial sphere concerning the constitutional status, powers or functions of any of those organs of state; (b) decide on the constitutionality of any parliamentary or provincial Bill, but may do so only in the circumstances anticipated in section 79 or 121; (c) decide applications envisaged in section 80 or 122; (d) decide on the constitutionality of any amendment to the Constitution; (e) decide that Parliament or the President has failed to fulfil a constitutional obligation; or (f) certify a provincial constitution in terms of section 144. (5) The Constitutional Court makes the final decision whether an Act of Parliament, a provincial Act or conduct of the President is constitutional, and must confirm any order of invalidity made by the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court of South Africa, or a court of similar status, before that order has any force. (6) National legislation or the rules of the Constitutional Court must allow a person, when it is in the interests of justice and with leave of the Constitutional Court— (a) to bring a matter directly to the Constitutional Court; or (b) to appeal directly to the Constitutional Court from any other court. (7) A constitutional matter includes any issue involving the interpretation, protection or enforcement of the Constitution. We don’t want to go into too much detail, but it is clear that the Constitutional Court is a specialist court dealing with constitutional matters, law important to the public, and issues regarding the government, as outlined above. Any decision that invalidates provincial or parliamentary legislation or any conduct of the President must be confirmed by the Constitutional Court before it has any effect.

How do you appeal to the Constitutional Court?

If your matter relates to an issue that falls within the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court, you may appeal to it. If the Constitutional Court agrees with you, it will make a ruling in your favour. The first step would be to make the application to the Constitutional Court. Please note that the Constitutional Court has the discretion whether or not to hear a matter. An exception is where an Act of Parliament has already been declared invalid, but another Court, and the Constitutional Court is required to confirm the finding.

Rules of the Constitutional Court

The Constitutional Court has its own rules. One should consult these rules when litigating in the Constitutional Court. Relevant to this article is Rule 19, which deals with  appeal process in the Constitutional Court. It states the following: 19. Appeals (1) The procedure set out in this rule shall be followed in an application for leave to appeal to the Court where a decision on a constitutional matter, other than an order of constitutional invalidity under section 172(2)(a) of the Constitution, has been given by any court including the Supreme Court of Appeal, and irrespective of whether the President has refused leave or special leave to appeal. (2) A litigant who is aggrieved by the decision of a court and who wishes to appeal against it directly to the Court on a constitutional matter shall, within 15 days of the order against which the appeal is sought to be brought and after giving notice to the other party or parties concerned, lodge with the Registrar an application for leave to appeal: Provided that where the President has refused leave to appeal the period prescribed in this rule shall run from the date of the order refusing leave. (3) An application referred to in subrule (2) shall be signed by the applicant or his or her legal representative and shall contain— (a) the decision against which the appeal is brought and the grounds upon which such decision is disputed; (b) a statement setting out clearly and succinctly the constitutional matter raised in the decision; and any other issues including issues that are alleged to be connected with a decision on the constitutional matter; (c) such supplementary information or argument as the applicant considers necessary to bring to the attention of the Court; and (d) a statement indicating whether the applicant has applied or intends to apply for leave or special leave to appeal to any other court, and if so— (i) which court; (ii) whether such application is conditional upon the application to the Court being refused; and (iii) the outcome of such application, if known at the time of the application to the Court. (4) (a) Within 10 days from the date upon which an application referred to in subrule (2) is lodged, the respondent or respondents may respond thereto in writing, indicating whether or not the application for leave to appeal is being opposed, and if so the grounds for such opposition. (b) The response shall be signed by the respondent or respondents or his or her or their legal representative. (5) (a) A respondent or respondents wishing to lodge a cross-appeal to the Court on a constitutional matter shall, within 10 days from the date upon which an application in subrule (2) is lodged, lodge with the Registrar an application for leave to cross-appeal. (b) The provisions of these rules with regard to appeals shall apply, with necessary modifications, to cross-appeals. (6) (a) The Court shall decide whether or not to grant the appellant leave to appeal. (b) Applications for leave to appeal may be dealt with summarily, without receiving oral or written argument other than that contained in the application itself. (c) The Court may order that the application for leave to appeal be set down for argument and direct that the written argument of the parties deal not only with the question whether the application for leave to appeal should be granted, but also with the merits of the dispute. The provisions of rule 20 shall, with necessary modifications, apply to the procedure to be followed in such procedures.

Procedure on appeal

Section 20 of the Constitutional Court’s Rules deals with the procedure on appeal. It is states:
  1. Procedure on appeal
(1) If leave to appeal is given in terms of rule 19, the appellant shall note and prosecute the appeal as follows— (a) The appellant shall prepare and lodge the appeal record with the Registrar within such time as may be fixed by the Chief Justice in directions. (b) Subject to the provisions of subrule (1)(c) below, the appeal record shall consist of the judgment of the court from which the appeal is noted, together with all the documentation lodged by the parties in that court and all the evidence which may have been led in the proceedings and which may be relevant to the issues that are to be determined. (c) (i) The parties shall endeavour to reach agreement on what should be included in the record and, in the absence of such agreement, the appellant shall apply to the Chief Justice for directions to be given in regard to the compilation of the record. (ii) Such application shall be made in writing and shall set out the nature of the dispute between the parties in regard to the compilation of the record and the reasons for the appellant’s contentions. (iii) The respondent may respond to the application within 10 days of being served with the application and shall set out the reasons for the respondent’s contentions. (iv) The Chief Justice may assign the application to one or more judges, who may deal with the matter on the papers or require the parties to appear before him or her or them on a specified day and at a specified time to debate the compilation of the record. (v) The judge or judges concerned shall give directions in regard to the compilation of the record, the time within which the record is to be lodged with the Registrar and any other matters which may be deemed by him or her or them to be necessary for the purpose of enabling the Court to deal with the appeal, which directions may include that the matter be referred back to the court a quo for the hearing of additional evidence specified in the directions, or that additional evidence be put before the Court by way of affidavit or otherwise for the purpose of the appeal. (2) (a) One of the copies of the record lodged with the Registrar shall be certified as correct by the Registrar of the court appealed from. (b) Copies of the record shall be clearly typed on stout A4-size paper, double-spaced in black record ink, on one side of the paper only. (c) Legible documents that were typed or printed in their original form such as cheques and the like shall not be retyped and clear photocopies on A4-size paper shall be provided instead. (d) The pages shall be numbered clearly and consecutively and every tenth line on each page shall be numbered and the pagination used in the court a quo shall be retained where possible. (e) Bulky records shall be divided into separate conveniently-sized volumes of approximately 100 pages each. The record shall be securely bound in book format to withstand constant use and shall be so bound that upon being used will lie open without manual or other restraint. (f) All records shall be securely bound in suitable covers disclosing the case number, names of the parties, the volume number and the numbers of the pages contained in that volume, the total number of volumes, the court a quo and the names of the attorneys of the parties. (g) The binding required by this rule shall be sufficiently secure to ensure the stability of the papers contained within the volume; and where the record consists of more than one volume, the number of each volume and the number of the pages contained in a volume shall appear on the upper third of the spine of the volume. (h) Where documents are lodged with the Registrar, and such documents are recorded on a computer disk, the party lodging the document shall where possible also make available to the Registrar a disk containing the file in which the document is contained, or transmit an electronic copy of the document concerned by e-mail in a format determined by the Registrar which is compatible with software that is used by the Court at the time of lodgement, to the Registrar at: [email protected]: Provided that the transmission of such copy shall not relieve the party concerned from the obligation under rule 1(3) to lodge the prescribed number of hard copies of the documents so lodged. (i) If a disk is made available to the Registrar the file will be copied and the disk will be returned to the party concerned. Where a disk or an electronic copy of a document other than a record is provided, the party need lodge only 13 copies of the document concerned with the Registrar. (3) If a record has been lodged in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of subrule (1), the Registrar shall cause a notice to be given to the parties to the appeal requiring— (a) the appellant to lodge with the Registrar written argument in support of the appeal within a period determined by the Chief Justice and specified in such notice; and (b) the respondent to lodge with the Registrar written argument in reply to the appellant’s argument by a specified date determined by the Chief Justice, which shall be subsequent to the date on which the appellant’s argument was served on the respondent. (4) The appellant may lodge with the Registrar written argument in answer to the respondent’s argument within 10 days from the date on which the respondent’s argument was served on the appellant. (5) The Chief Justice may decide whether the appeal shall be dealt with on the basis of written arguments only. (6) Subject to the provisions of subrule (5), the Chief Justice shall determine the date on which oral argument will be heard, and the Registrar shall within five days of such determination notify all parties to the appeal of the date of the hearing by registered post or facsimile.

What are the Steps:

  1. Within 15 days of the Order you are appealing against, lodged you Application for leave to appeal [Rule 19(2)]
  2. Within 10 days, the Respondent is to file its Notice to Oppose the appeal and the grounds for the opposition [Rule 19(4)(a)]
  3. The Constitutional Court would then decide whether or not to grant the leave to Appeal [Rule 19(6)(a)]
  4. If leave to appeal is granted, the appellant shall prepare and lodge the appeal record with the Registrar [Rule 20(1)(a)]
  5. The Chief Justice may decide whether the appeal shall be dealt with on the basis of written arguments only [Rule 20(5)]
  6. The matter would be argued on the date provided by the Constitutional Court.
         
Posted on by Telelaw

How to appeal to the Constitutional Court – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf

A case usually commences from the Magistrate’s or High Court. If a party to the proceedings is unhappy with the outcome of the Magistrate’s Court decision, he or she will then proceed to appeal to the High Court. If, however, a case has been heard in the High Court, the Appeal would either be heard by a full-bench (usually two judges) in the High Court or the Supreme Court of Appeal would hear it. Once the Supreme Court of Appeal heard the matter and made a ruling, that would usually end it. However, a further appeal may be made to the Constitutional Court if the matter relates to constitutional rights. This Article deals with appeals to the Constitutional Court of South Africa, which has its seat in Braamfontein.

Please note that although this article does not deal with it, it is also possible to make a direct application to the Constitutional Court, asking it to sit as a court of first and last instance because of the urgency of the matter or when allowed in terms of the Constitution as can be seen below.

According to the website of the Constitutional Court, the contact details of the Constitutional Court is:

Court Offices

Director of the Constitutional Court:
Tel: +27 11 359-7459
Email: [email protected]

General office: of the Constitutional Court (Registrar ):

Tel: +27 11 359-7468 / 7460 / 7465 / 7592
Email: [email protected] 

What is a Court Appeal?

An appeal is the legal process by which a party requests a formal change to an official decision. This process usually takes place after a party is dissatisfied with a ruling made by a lower court. Appeals are made to a higher court with the intention of reviewing and potentially overturning the lower court’s decision. The purpose of an appeal is to ensure that justice is served by providing a mechanism for correcting errors made by lower courts, thereby upholding the integrity of the judicial process. Therefore, if a party is not happy with the decision of the High Court or the Supreme Court of Appeal regarding a constitutional matter, he or she would then appeal to the Constitutional Court.

The South African Court System

Section 166 of our Constitution (Act 108 or 1996) deals with our Judicial System. It states the following:

Judicial system

  1. The courts are—

(a) the Constitutional Court;

(b) the Supreme Court of Appeal;

(c) the High Court of South Africa, and any high court of appeal that may be

established by an Act of Parliament to hear appeals from any court of a status

similar to the High Court of South Africa;

(d) the Magistrates’ Courts; and

(e) any other court established or recognised in terms of an Act of Parliament,

including any court of a status similar to either the High Court of South Africa

or the Magistrates’ Courts.

You will note that the Constitution places the Constitutional Court on top of the list, followed by the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Magistrate’s Court.

Seeing that this article deals with appeals to the Constitutional Court, for the sake of completeness, let us deal with the composition of the Constitutional Court. Section 167 of our Constitution states:

Constitutional Court

  1. (1) The Constitutional Court consists of the Chief Justice of South Africa, the Deputy Chief Justice and nine other judges.

(2) A matter before the Constitutional Court must be heard by at least eight judges.

(3) The Constitutional Court—

 (a) is the highest court of the Republic; and

 (b) may decide—

(i) constitutional matters; and

(ii) any other matter, if the Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal on

the grounds that the matter raises an arguable point of law of general

public importance which ought to be considered by that Court, and

 (c) makes the final decision whether a matter is within its jurisdiction.

(4) Only the Constitutional Court may—

(a) decide disputes between organs of state in the national or provincial

sphere concerning the constitutional status, powers or functions of any of

those organs of state;

(b) decide on the constitutionality of any parliamentary or provincial Bill, but may

do so only in the circumstances anticipated in section 79 or 121;

(c) decide applications envisaged in section 80 or 122;

(d) decide on the constitutionality of any amendment to the Constitution;

(e) decide that Parliament or the President has failed to fulfil a constitutional

obligation; or

(f) certify a provincial constitution in terms of section 144.

(5) The Constitutional Court makes the final decision whether an Act of Parliament, a

provincial Act or conduct of the President is constitutional, and must confirm any

order of invalidity made by the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court of South

Africa, or a court of similar status, before that order has any force.

(6) National legislation or the rules of the Constitutional Court must allow a person,

when it is in the interests of justice and with leave of the Constitutional Court—

(a) to bring a matter directly to the Constitutional Court; or

(b) to appeal directly to the Constitutional Court from any other court.

(7) A constitutional matter includes any issue involving the interpretation, protection or

enforcement of the Constitution.

We don’t want to go into too much detail, but it is clear that the Constitutional Court is a specialist court dealing with constitutional matters, law important to the public, and issues regarding the government, as outlined above.

Any decision that invalidates provincial or parliamentary legislation or any conduct of the President must be confirmed by the Constitutional Court before it has any effect.

How do you appeal to the Constitutional Court?

If your matter relates to an issue that falls within the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court, you may appeal to it. If the Constitutional Court agrees with you, it will make a ruling in your favour. The first step would be to make the application to the Constitutional Court. Please note that the Constitutional Court has the discretion whether or not to hear a matter. An exception is where an Act of Parliament has already been declared invalid, but another Court, and the Constitutional Court is required to confirm the finding.

Rules of the Constitutional Court

The Constitutional Court has its own rules. One should consult these rules when litigating in the Constitutional Court. Relevant to this article is Rule 19, which deals with  appeal process in the Constitutional Court. It states the following:

19. Appeals

(1) The procedure set out in this rule shall be followed in an application for leave to appeal to the Court where a decision on a constitutional matter, other than an order of constitutional invalidity under section 172(2)(a) of the Constitution, has been given by any court including the Supreme Court of Appeal, and irrespective of whether the President has refused leave or special leave to appeal.

(2) A litigant who is aggrieved by the decision of a court and who wishes to appeal against it directly to the Court on a constitutional matter shall, within 15 days of the order against which the appeal is sought to be brought and after giving notice to the other party or parties concerned, lodge with the Registrar an application for leave to appeal: Provided that where the President has refused leave to appeal the period prescribed in this rule shall run from the date of the order refusing leave.

(3) An application referred to in subrule (2) shall be signed by the applicant or his or her legal representative and shall contain—

(a) the decision against which the appeal is brought and the grounds upon which such decision is disputed;

(b) a statement setting out clearly and succinctly the constitutional matter raised in the decision; and any other issues including issues that are alleged to be connected with a decision on the constitutional matter;

(c) such supplementary information or argument as the applicant considers necessary to bring to the attention of the Court; and

(d) a statement indicating whether the applicant has applied or intends to apply for leave or special leave to appeal to any other court, and if so—

(i) which court;

(ii) whether such application is conditional upon the application to the Court being refused; and

(iii) the outcome of such application, if known at the time of the application to the Court.

(4)

(a) Within 10 days from the date upon which an application referred to in subrule (2) is lodged, the respondent or respondents may respond thereto in writing, indicating whether or not the application for leave to appeal is being opposed, and if so the grounds for such opposition.

(b) The response shall be signed by the respondent or respondents or his or her or their legal representative.

(5)

(a) A respondent or respondents wishing to lodge a cross-appeal to the Court on a constitutional matter shall, within 10 days from the date upon which an application in subrule (2) is lodged, lodge with the Registrar an application for leave to cross-appeal.

(b) The provisions of these rules with regard to appeals shall apply, with necessary modifications, to cross-appeals.

(6)

(a) The Court shall decide whether or not to grant the appellant leave to appeal.

(b) Applications for leave to appeal may be dealt with summarily, without receiving oral or written argument other than that contained in the application itself.

(c) The Court may order that the application for leave to appeal be set down for argument and direct that the written argument of the parties deal not only with the question whether the application for leave to appeal should be granted, but also with the merits of the dispute. The provisions of rule 20 shall, with necessary modifications, apply to the procedure to be followed in such procedures.

Procedure on appeal

Section 20 of the Constitutional Court’s Rules deals with the procedure on appeal. It is states:

  1. Procedure on appeal

(1) If leave to appeal is given in terms of rule 19, the appellant shall note and prosecute the appeal as follows—

(a) The appellant shall prepare and lodge the appeal record with the Registrar within such time as may be fixed by the Chief Justice in directions.

(b) Subject to the provisions of subrule (1)(c) below, the appeal record shall consist of the judgment of the court from which the appeal is noted, together with all the documentation lodged by the parties in that court and all the evidence which may have been led in the proceedings and which may be relevant to the issues that are to be determined.

(c)

(i) The parties shall endeavour to reach agreement on what should be included in the record and, in the absence of such agreement, the appellant shall apply to the Chief Justice for directions to be given in regard to the compilation of the record.

(ii) Such application shall be made in writing and shall set out the nature of the dispute between the parties in regard to the compilation of the record and the reasons for the appellant’s contentions.

(iii) The respondent may respond to the application within 10 days of being served with the application and shall set out the reasons for the respondent’s contentions.

(iv) The Chief Justice may assign the application to one or more judges, who may deal with the matter on the papers or require the parties to appear before him or her or them on a specified day and at a specified time to debate the compilation of the record.

(v) The judge or judges concerned shall give directions in regard to the compilation of the record, the time within which the record is to be lodged with the Registrar and any other matters which may be deemed by him or her or them to be necessary for the purpose of enabling the Court to deal with the appeal, which directions may include that the matter be referred back to the court a quo for the hearing of additional evidence specified in the directions, or that additional evidence be put before the Court by way of affidavit or otherwise for the purpose of the appeal.

(2)

(a) One of the copies of the record lodged with the Registrar shall be certified as correct by the Registrar of the court appealed from.

(b) Copies of the record shall be clearly typed on stout A4-size paper, double-spaced in black record ink, on one side of the paper only.

(c) Legible documents that were typed or printed in their original form such as cheques and the like shall not be retyped and clear photocopies on A4-size paper shall be provided instead.

(d) The pages shall be numbered clearly and consecutively and every tenth line on each page shall be numbered and the pagination used in the court a quo shall be retained where possible.

(e) Bulky records shall be divided into separate conveniently-sized volumes of approximately 100 pages each. The record shall be securely bound in book format to withstand constant use and shall be so bound that upon being used will lie open without manual or other restraint.

(f) All records shall be securely bound in suitable covers disclosing the case number, names of the parties, the volume number and the numbers of the pages contained in that volume, the total number of volumes, the court a quo and the names of the attorneys of the parties.

(g) The binding required by this rule shall be sufficiently secure to ensure the stability of the papers contained within the volume; and where the record consists of more than one volume, the number of each volume and the number of the pages contained in a volume shall appear on the upper third of the spine of the volume.

(h) Where documents are lodged with the Registrar, and such documents are recorded on a computer disk, the party lodging the document shall where possible also make available to the Registrar a disk containing the file in which the document is contained, or transmit an electronic copy of the document concerned by e-mail in a format determined by the Registrar which is compatible with software that is used by the Court at the time of lodgement, to the Registrar at: [email protected]: Provided that the transmission of such copy shall not relieve the party concerned from the obligation under rule 1(3) to lodge the prescribed number of hard copies of the documents so lodged.

(i) If a disk is made available to the Registrar the file will be copied and the disk will be returned to the party concerned. Where a disk or an electronic copy of a document other than a record is provided, the party need lodge only 13 copies of the document concerned with the Registrar.

(3) If a record has been lodged in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of subrule (1), the Registrar shall cause a notice to be given to the parties to the appeal requiring—

(a) the appellant to lodge with the Registrar written argument in support of the appeal within a period determined by the Chief Justice and specified in such notice; and

(b) the respondent to lodge with the Registrar written argument in reply to the appellant’s argument by a specified date determined by the Chief Justice, which shall be subsequent to the date on which the appellant’s argument was served on the respondent.

(4) The appellant may lodge with the Registrar written argument in answer to the respondent’s argument within 10 days from the date on which the respondent’s argument was served on the appellant.

(5) The Chief Justice may decide whether the appeal shall be dealt with on the basis of written arguments only.

(6) Subject to the provisions of subrule (5), the Chief Justice shall determine the date on which oral argument will be heard, and the Registrar shall within five days of such determination notify all parties to the appeal of the date of the hearing by registered post or facsimile.

What are the Steps:

  1. Within 15 days of the Order you are appealing against, lodged you Application for leave to appeal [Rule 19(2)]
  2. Within 10 days, the Respondent is to file its Notice to Oppose the appeal and the grounds for the opposition [Rule 19(4)(a)]
  3. The Constitutional Court would then decide whether or not to grant the leave to Appeal [Rule 19(6)(a)]
  4. If leave to appeal is granted, the appellant shall prepare and lodge the appeal record with the Registrar [Rule 20(1)(a)]
  5. The Chief Justice may decide whether the appeal shall be dealt with on the basis of written arguments only [Rule 20(5)]
  6. The matter would be argued on the date provided by the Constitutional Court.

 

 

 

 

 

Related Post

Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Cape Town.

Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty to pay child maintenance and support their children. Once the child is self-supporting (being able to care for him or herself), the obligation falls away. This can happen when the child is 18, 20, or even 30. It all depends on the circumstances of the case.

Claiming child maintenance for your child in Cape Town

Whether you claim child maintenance in Cape Town, or any other city in South Africa, the procedures would be the same. There are however two (2) courts that can deal with child maintenance matters. That is a divorce court, in a divorce matter, and a Child Maintenance Court. For this article, we will focus on claiming maintenance in a Maintenance Court matter in Cape Town.

The maintenance scenario – Cape Town South Africa

In this article, we will deal with the following fictitious scenario, in a child maintenance matter:

  1. The Child is seven years old and attends school in Cape Town
  2. The child is cared for by the mother who works in Cape Town
  3. The mother works and earns a Salary of R 10 000
  4. The father sees the child every second weekend. He also lives and works in Cape Town
  5. The child’s monthly expenses are R 6000 – 00 which includes food, clothing, accommodation, education, travel etc.
  6. The father earns a reasonable salary and can afford the R 20 000 – 00 per month
  7. The mother claims R 4 000 – 00 maintenance as the father earns double her salary

What is the first step the mother must take in claiming child maintenance?

The first thing the mother must do is work out exactly what the child costs by item. She breaks down the minor child’s living expenses, starting from rent or accommodation to groceries to school fees etc. Once she has done that, she would need to determine what exactly does the minor child cost per month, seeing that she will be asking the father to contribute towards that. As best as possible, she needs to collect proof of expenses. This can be in the form of receipts.

How does she start the legal process?

The mother now needs to approach the maintenance court in the area where she lives or works to lodge a complaint for child maintenance. If she lives or works in Cape Town, it would be the maintenance court in Cape Town. She will complete a Form A wherein she will provide all the expenses for her and the minor child. She would also have to stipulate her income. Once she completed the form and submitted it to the maintenance court, she must then follow the next step.

What do you do while waiting for the maintenance court date?

While you wait to be informed of the court date by the Maintenance Court of Cape Town, and up until the actual first court date, you need to ensure that you keep a record of all income and expenses for you and the child. This is very important as the court allocates maintenance based on recent income and expenses.

What happens at the first court appearance at the Cape Town Maintenance Court?

Once you have been notified of the maintenance court date by the Cape Town Maintenance Court, you need to ensure that you attend it. On that day, both you and the father of the child would appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer would go through both your income and expenses as well as that of the father. If all the relevant information is not before the maintenance court, then the matter may be postponed in order for the parties to submit it.

The maintenance officer will try to settle the matter and have the parents come to an agreement regarding the amount of child maintenance to be paid. If they cannot come to an agreement regarding the child maintenance to be paid, the matter would have to proceed to a formal hearing or trial before a Magistrate.

How does the Maintenance Court hearing or trial work in Cape Town?

Essentially, the maintenance court is called upon to make a fair ruling regarding what is a fair amount of child support that needs to be paid. For that to happen, the parents would have to give evidence in that regard. The mother would present to the court what the child costs, what she contributes and what she requires the other parent to pay. The Father would have a right to question the mother and to present evidence as to why he cannot afford the amount requested or why he feels it is an unfair amount. The mother can they also question him.

At the end of the day, the Cape Town Maintenance Court would be able to properly determine what is a fair and adequate amount of child maintenance to pay after being presented will all relevant information. The Cape Town Maintenance Court should play an active role in determining what is a fair amount of child maintenance the father should pay.

The above child maintenance application principles should apply to the following provinces and cities:

Eastern Cape:

Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha

Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha

Free State:

Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom

Gauteng:

Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging

KwaZulu-Natal:

Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi

Limpopo:

Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi

Mpumalanga:

Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth

Western Cape:

Bellville, Cape Town, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester

 

 

 

Posted on by Telelaw

Dear Advocate Abduroaf. My child custody case is very complicated. How do I find the best child custody lawyer, attorney or advocate for my case in East London?

A great child custody lawyer (attorney or advocate) is a legal practitioner who specializes in family law and has expertise in handling cases related to child custody and visitation rights. Family law matters can be very emotionally challenging for both parents. The same applies to the child concerned. Whether you live in Cape Town or in East London, the law applicable would be the same throughout South Africa.

Here are some qualities and characteristics that can define a great child custody lawyer, or the best one for your case:

Experience and Expertise:

  • Specialization in family law, particularly child custody cases.
  • Proven track record of successfully handling similar cases.

Knowledge of Family Law:

  • In-depth understanding of family law.
  • Awareness of recent legal developments and changes in family law.

Communication Skills:

  • Effective communication skills to clearly articulate your case in court.
  • Ability to negotiate and mediate to reach favourable settlements.

Compassion and Empathy:

  • Understanding and empathy towards the emotional challenges involved in child custody disputes.
  • Ability to provide emotional support to clients during a difficult time.

Strategic Thinking:

  • Ability to devise a strategic legal approach tailored to the unique aspects of your case.
  • Forethought and anticipation of potential challenges.

Availability and Responsiveness:

  • Prompt responses to client inquiries and concerns.
  • Availability for meetings, court appearances, and consultations.

Client Reviews and References:

  • Positive reviews from previous clients.
  • Recommendations from colleagues or other legal professionals.

Ethical Conduct:

  • Adherence to professional and ethical standards.
  • Transparent and fair billing practices.

Courtroom Experience:

  • Comfort and confidence in a courtroom setting.
  • Skillful presentation of arguments and evidence.

Resourcefulness:

  • Resourcefulness in finding legal precedents and utilizing available resources to strengthen the case.

Problem-Solving Skills:

  • Creative problem-solving skills to navigate complex family dynamics and legal issues.

Custody and Visitation Knowledge:

  • In-depth knowledge of various custody arrangements and visitation schedules.
  • Ability to advocate for the best interests of the child.

What should you consider when meeting with a family law attorney or advocate?

When looking for a great child custody lawyer, it’s essential to schedule consultations, discuss your case, and assess whether the lawyer, attorney, or advocate possesses the qualities and skills that align with your needs and goals. Additionally, consider seeking recommendations from trusted friends, family members, or other legal professionals. Finding the best child custody lawyer involves thorough research, careful consideration of your specific needs, and evaluation of the lawyer’s qualifications. Here are some steps you can take to find the right child custody lawyer for your situation:

Define Your Goals and Needs:

  • Clearly identify your goals and priorities in the child custody case.
  • Determine the specific services you need from a lawyer, such as legal representation, mediation, or collaborative law.

Research Local Family Law Attorneys:

  • Use online legal directories and referral services to identify family law attorneys or Trust Account Advocate in your area.
  • Seek recommendations from friends, family, or colleagues who have gone through similar situations.

Check Credentials and Specialization:

  • Look for lawyers who specialize in family law and, more specifically, child custody cases.
  • Check their credentials, education, and any certifications related to family law.

Read Reviews and Testimonials:

  • Read online reviews on legal review websites, social media, or the lawyer’s own website.
  • Consider testimonials from previous clients to gauge the lawyer’s reputation and success rate.

Consult with Multiple Lawyers:

  • Schedule consultations with several child custody lawyers to discuss your case.
  • Prepare a list of questions to ask during the consultation, covering topics such as experience, approach to cases, and expected outcomes.

Evaluate Communication Skills:

  • Assess the lawyer’s communication style and whether you feel comfortable discussing your case with them.
  • Ensure that the lawyer listens actively and provides clear explanations of legal processes.

Consider Experience:

  • Inquire about the lawyer’s experience in handling child custody cases similar to yours.
  • Ask about their success rate and outcomes in past cases.

Review Legal Fees:

  • Discuss the lawyer’s fee structure during the consultation.
  • Clarify billing practices, retainer fees, and any additional costs associated with your case.

Check Disciplinary Records:

  • Verify the lawyer’s standing with the Legal Practice Council of South Africa.
  • Check for any disciplinary actions or complaints against the lawyer.

Seek Second Opinions:

  • If you have initial concerns or uncertainties, consider seeking a second opinion from another attorney or advocate.
  • Compare advice and recommendations from multiple sources.

Trust Your Instincts:

  • Pay attention to your instincts and gut feelings about the lawyer.
  • Choose a lawyer you feel comfortable working with and who understands your unique situation.

Negotiation and Mediation Skills:

Assess the lawyer’s ability to negotiate and mediate, especially if you prefer an amicable resolution.
  • Remember that finding the best child custody lawyer is a personalized process, and the right fit for one person may not be the best for another. Take the time to thoroughly research and evaluate potential lawyers to make an informed decision based on your specific needs and circumstances.
We service clients in all cities: Cape Town Rustenburg Kimberley East London Nelspruit Polokwane Pietermaritzburg Bloemfontein Port Elizabeth Pretoria Durban Johannesburg

Posted on by Telelaw