Child custody, child access, divorce, child maintenance, Cape Town, South Africa

Child custody, child access, divorce, child maintenance, Cape Town, South Africa

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[caption id="attachment_10843" align="alignnone" width="671"]Relocation consent Court Order for minor child to the United States of America- USA - Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf Relocation consent Court Order for minor child to the United States of America- USA – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf[/caption]

I want to relocate from South Africa to the United States of America (USA) with my minor child. The other parent does not want my child to relocate to the United States of America. What can I do?

The United States of America is a popular destination to emigrate to. People emigrate from South Africa for many reasons. It ranges from better employment opportunities, family relations, or for a better standard of living. Whatever the reason a parent wants to relocate to the United States of America, if a minor child will be joining that parent and also relocating to the United States of America, then the parent remaining in South Africa’s consent would usually be required. Let us unpack the legal issues a parent may encounter when wanting to emigrate to the United States of America. Before we do so, let us list the various cities and towns in the United States of America to which you may want to relocate: Alabama, Alexander City, Andalusia, Anniston, Athens, Atmore, Auburn, Bessemer, Birmingham, Chickasaw, Clanton, Cullman, Decatur, Demopolis, Dothan, Enterprise, Eufaula, Florence, Fort Payne, Gadsden, Greenville, Guntersville, Huntsville, Jasper, Marion, Mobile, Montgomery, Opelika, Ozark, Phenix City, Prichard, Scottsboro, Selma, Sheffield, Sylacauga, Talladega, Troy, Tuscaloosa, Tuscumbia, Tuskegee, Alaska, Anchorage, Cordova, Fairbanks, Haines, Homer, Juneau, Ketchikan, Kodiak, Kotzebue, Nome, Palmer, Seward, Sitka, Skagway, Valdez, Arizona, Ajo, Avondale, Bisbee, Casa Grande, Chandler, Clifton, Douglas, Flagstaff, Florence, Gila Bend, Glendale, Globe, Kingman, Lake Havasu City, Mesa, Nogales, Oraibi, Phoenix, Prescott, Scottsdale, Sierra Vista, Tempe, Tombstone, Tucson, Walpi, Window Rock, Winslow, Yuma, Arkansas, Arkadelphia, Arkansas Post, Batesville, Benton, Blytheville, Camden, Conway, Crossett, El Dorado, Fayetteville, Forrest City, Fort Smith, Harrison, Helena, Hope, Hot Springs, Jacksonville, Jonesboro, Little Rock, Magnolia, Morrilton, Newport, North Little Rock, Osceola, Pine Bluff, Rogers, Searcy, Stuttgart, Van Buren, West Memphis, California, Alameda, Alhambra, Anaheim, Antioch, Arcadia, Bakersfield, Barstow, Belmont, Berkeley, Beverly Hills, Brea, Buena Park, Burbank, Calexico, Calistoga, Carlsbad, Carmel, Chico, Chula Vista, Claremont, Compton, Concord, Corona, Coronado, Costa Mesa, Culver City, Daly City, Davis, Downey, El Centro, El Cerrito, El Monte, Escondido, Eureka, Fairfield, Fontana, Fremont, Fresno, Fullerton, Garden Grove, Glendale, Hayward, Hollywood, Huntington Beach, Indio, Inglewood, Irvine, La Habra, Laguna Beach, Lancaster, Livermore, Lodi, Lompoc, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Malibu, Martinez, Marysville, Menlo Park, Merced, Modesto, Monterey, Mountain View, Napa, Needles, Newport Beach, Norwalk, Novato, Oakland, Oceanside, Ojai, Ontario, Orange, Oroville, Oxnard, Pacific Grove, Palm Springs, Palmdale, Palo Alto, Pasadena, Petaluma, Pomona, Port Hueneme, Rancho Cucamonga, Red Bluff, Redding, Redlands, Redondo Beach, Redwood City, Richmond, Riverside, Roseville, Sacramento, Salinas, San Bernardino, San Clemente, San Diego, San Fernando, San Francisco, San Gabriel, San Jose, San Juan Capistrano, San Leandro, San Luis Obispo, San Marino, San Mateo, San Pedro, San Rafael, San Simeon, Santa Ana, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Clarita, Santa Cruz, Santa Monica, Santa Rosa, Sausalito, Simi Valley, Sonoma, South San Francisco, Stockton, Sunnyvale, Susanville, Thousand Oaks, Torrance, Turlock, Ukiah, Vallejo, Ventura, Victorville, Visalia, Walnut Creek, Watts, West Covina, Whittier, Woodland, Yorba Linda, Yuba City, Colorado, Alamosa, Aspen, Aurora, Boulder, Breckenridge, Brighton, Canon City, Central City, Climax, Colorado Springs, Cortez, Cripple Creek, Denver, Durango, Englewood, Estes Park, Fort Collins, Fort Morgan, Georgetown, Glenwood Springs, Golden, Grand Junction, Greeley, Gunnison, La Junta, Leadville, Littleton, Longmont, Loveland, Montrose, Ouray, Pagosa Springs, Pueblo, Silverton, Steamboat Springs, Sterling, Telluride, Trinidad, Vail, Walsenburg, Westminster, Connecticut, Ansonia, Berlin, Bloomfield, Branford, Bridgeport, Bristol, Coventry, Danbury, Darien, Derby, East Hartford, East Haven, Enfield, Fairfield, Farmington, Greenwich, Groton, Guilford, Hamden, Hartford, Lebanon, Litchfield, Manchester, Mansfield, Meriden, Middletown, Milford, Mystic, Naugatuck, New Britain, New Haven, New London, North Haven, Norwalk, Norwich, Old Saybrook, Orange, Seymour, Shelton, Simsbury, Southington, Stamford, Stonington, Stratford, Torrington, Wallingford, Waterbury, Waterford, Watertown, West Hartford, West Haven, Westport, Wethersfield, Willimantic, Windham, Windsor, Windsor Locks, Winsted, Delaware, Dover, Lewes, Milford, New Castle, Newark, Smyrna, Wilmington, Florida, Apalachicola, Bartow, Belle Glade, Boca Raton, Bradenton, Cape Coral, Clearwater, Cocoa Beach, Cocoa-Rockledge, Coral Gables, Daytona Beach, De Land, Deerfield Beach, Delray Beach, Fernandina Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Fort Pierce, Fort Walton Beach, Gainesville, Hallandale Beach, Hialeah, Hollywood, Homestead, Jacksonville, Key West, Lake City, Lake Wales, Lakeland, Largo, Melbourne, Miami, Miami Beach, Naples, New Smyrna Beach, Ocala, Orlando, Ormond Beach, Palatka, Palm Bay, Palm Beach, Panama City, Pensacola, Pompano Beach, Saint Augustine, Saint Petersburg, Sanford, Sarasota, Sebring, Tallahassee, Tampa, Tarpon Springs, Titusville, Venice, West Palm Beach, White Springs, Winter Haven, Winter Park, Georgia, Albany, Americus, Andersonville, Athens, Atlanta, Augusta, Bainbridge, Blairsville, Brunswick, Calhoun, Carrollton, Columbus, Dahlonega, Dalton, Darien, Decatur, Douglas, East Point, Fitzgerald, Fort Valley, Gainesville, La Grange, Macon, Marietta, Milledgeville, Plains, Rome, Savannah, Toccoa, Valdosta, Warm Springs, Warner Robins, Washington, Waycross, Hawaii, Hanalei, Hilo, Honaunau, Honolulu, Kahului, Kaneohe, Kapaa, Kawaihae, Lahaina, Laie, Wahiawa, Wailuku, Waimea, Idaho, Blackfoot, Boise, Bonners Ferry, Caldwell, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho City, Idaho Falls, Kellogg, Lewiston, Moscow, Nampa, Pocatello, Priest River, Rexburg, Sun Valley, Twin Falls, Illinois, Alton, Arlington Heights, Arthur, Aurora, Belleville, Belvidere, Bloomington, Brookfield, Cahokia, Cairo, Calumet City, Canton, Carbondale, Carlinville, Carthage, Centralia, Champaign, Charleston, Chester, Chicago, Chicago Heights, Cicero, Collinsville, Danville, Decatur, DeKalb, Des Plaines, Dixon, East Moline, East Saint Louis, Effingham, Elgin, Elmhurst, Evanston, Freeport, Galena, Galesburg, Glen Ellyn, Glenview, Granite City, Harrisburg, Herrin, Highland Park, Jacksonville, Joliet, Kankakee, Kaskaskia, Kewanee, La Salle, Lake Forest, Libertyville, Lincoln, Lisle, Lombard, Macomb, Mattoon, Moline, Monmouth, Mount Vernon, Mundelein, Naperville, Nauvoo, Normal, North Chicago, Oak Park, Oregon, Ottawa, Palatine, Park Forest, Park Ridge, Pekin, Peoria, Petersburg, Pontiac, Quincy, Rantoul, River Forest, Rock Island, Rockford, Salem, Shawneetown, Skokie, South Holland, Springfield, Streator, Summit, Urbana, Vandalia, Virden, Waukegan, Wheaton, Wilmette, Winnetka, Wood River, Zion, Indiana, Anderson, Bedford, Bloomington, Columbus, Connersville, Corydon, Crawfordsville, East Chicago, Elkhart, Elwood, Evansville, Fort Wayne, French Lick, Gary, Geneva, Goshen, Greenfield, Hammond, Hobart, Huntington, Indianapolis, Jeffersonville, Kokomo, Lafayette, Madison, Marion, Michigan City, Mishawaka, Muncie, Nappanee, Nashville, New Albany, New Castle, New Harmony, Peru, Plymouth, Richmond, Santa Claus, Shelbyville, South Bend, Terre Haute, Valparaiso, Vincennes, Wabash, West Lafayette, Iowa, Amana Colonies, Ames, Boone, Burlington, Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Charles City, Cherokee, Clinton, Council Bluffs, Davenport, Des Moines, Dubuque, Estherville, Fairfield, Fort Dodge, Grinnell, Indianola, Iowa City, Keokuk, Mason City, Mount Pleasant, Muscatine, Newton, Oskaloosa, Ottumwa, Sioux City, Waterloo, Webster City, West Des Moines, Kansas, Abilene, Arkansas City, Atchison, Chanute, Coffeyville, Council Grove, Dodge City, Emporia, Fort Scott, Garden City, Great Bend, Hays, Hutchinson, Independence, Junction City, Kansas City, Lawrence, Leavenworth, Liberal, Manhattan, McPherson, Medicine Lodge, Newton, Olathe, Osawatomie, Ottawa, Overland Park, Pittsburg, Salina, Shawnee, Smith Center, Topeka, Wichita, Kentucky, Ashland, Barbourville, Bardstown, Berea, Boonesborough, Bowling Green, Campbellsville, Covington, Danville, Elizabethtown, Frankfort, Harlan, Harrodsburg, Hazard, Henderson, Hodgenville, Hopkinsville, Lexington, Louisville, Mayfield, Maysville, Middlesboro, Newport, Owensboro, Paducah, Paris, Richmond, Louisiana, Abbeville, Alexandria, Bastrop, Baton Rouge, Bogalusa, Bossier City, Gretna, Houma, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Monroe, Morgan City, Natchitoches, New Iberia, New Orleans, Opelousas, Ruston, Saint Martinville, Shreveport, Thibodaux, Maine, Auburn, Augusta, Bangor, Bar Harbor, Bath, Belfast, Biddeford, Boothbay Harbor, Brunswick, Calais, Caribou, Castine, Eastport, Ellsworth, Farmington, Fort Kent, Gardiner, Houlton, Kennebunkport, Kittery, Lewiston, Lubec, Machias, Orono, Portland, Presque Isle, Rockland, Rumford, Saco, Scarborough, Waterville, York, Maryland, Aberdeen, Annapolis, Baltimore, Bethesda-Chevy Chase, Bowie, Cambridge, Catonsville, College Park, Columbia, Cumberland, Easton, Elkton, Emmitsburg, Frederick, Greenbelt, Hagerstown, Hyattsville, Laurel, Oakland, Ocean City, Rockville, Saint Marys City, Salisbury, Silver Spring, Takoma Park, Towson, Westminster, Massachusetts, Abington, Adams, Amesbury, Amherst, Andover, Arlington, Athol, Attleboro, Barnstable, Bedford, Beverly, Boston, Bourne, Braintree, Brockton, Brookline, Cambridge, Canton, Charlestown, Chelmsford, Chelsea, Chicopee, Clinton, Cohasset, Concord, Danvers, Dartmouth, Dedham, Dennis, Duxbury, Eastham, Edgartown, Everett, Fairhaven, Fall River, Falmouth, Fitchburg, Framingham, Gloucester, Great Barrington, Greenfield, Groton, Harwich, Haverhill, Hingham, Holyoke, Hyannis, Ipswich, Lawrence, Lenox, Leominster, Lexington, Lowell, Ludlow, Lynn, Malden, Marblehead, Marlborough, Medford, Milton, Nahant, Natick, New Bedford, Newburyport, Newton, North Adams, Northampton, Norton, Norwood, Peabody, Pittsfield, Plymouth, Provincetown, Quincy, Randolph, Revere, Salem, Sandwich, Saugus, Somerville, South Hadley, Springfield, Stockbridge, Stoughton, Sturbridge, Sudbury, Taunton, Tewksbury, Truro, Watertown, Webster, Wellesley, Wellfleet, West Bridgewater, West Springfield, Westfield, Weymouth, Whitman, Williamstown, Woburn, Woods Hole, Worcester, Michigan, Adrian, Alma, Ann Arbor, Battle Creek, Bay City, Benton Harbor, Bloomfield Hills, Cadillac, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Dearborn, Detroit, East Lansing, Eastpointe, Ecorse, Escanaba, Flint, Grand Haven, Grand Rapids, Grayling, Grosse Pointe, Hancock, Highland Park, Holland, Houghton, Interlochen, Iron Mountain, Ironwood, Ishpeming, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lansing, Livonia, Ludington, Mackinaw City, Manistee, Marquette, Menominee, Midland, Monroe, Mount Clemens, Mount Pleasant, Muskegon, Niles, Petoskey, Pontiac, Port Huron, Royal Oak, Saginaw, Saint Ignace, Saint Joseph, Sault Sainte Marie, Traverse City, Trenton, Warren, Wyandotte, Ypsilanti, Minnesota, Albert Lea, Alexandria, Austin, Bemidji, Bloomington, Brainerd, Crookston, Duluth, Ely, Eveleth, Faribault, Fergus Falls, Hastings, Hibbing, International Falls, Little Falls, Mankato, Minneapolis, Moorhead, New Ulm, Northfield, Owatonna, Pipestone, Red Wing, Rochester, Saint Cloud, Saint Paul, Sauk Centre, South Saint Paul, Stillwater, Virginia, Willmar, Winona, Mississippi, Bay Saint Louis, Biloxi, Canton, Clarksdale, Columbia, Columbus, Corinth, Greenville, Greenwood, Grenada, Gulfport, Hattiesburg, Holly Springs, Jackson, Laurel, Meridian, Natchez, Ocean Springs, Oxford, Pascagoula, Pass Christian, Philadelphia, Port Gibson, Starkville, Tupelo, Vicksburg, West Point, Yazoo City, Missouri, Boonville, Branson, Cape Girardeau, Carthage, Chillicothe, Clayton, Columbia, Excelsior Springs, Ferguson, Florissant, Fulton, Hannibal, Independence, Jefferson City, Joplin, Kansas City, Kirksville, Lamar, Lebanon, Lexington, Maryville, Mexico, Monett, Neosho, New Madrid, Rolla, Saint Charles, Saint Joseph, Saint Louis, Sainte Genevieve, Salem, Sedalia, Springfield, Warrensburg, West Plains, Montana, Anaconda, Billings, Bozeman, Butte, Dillon, Fort Benton, Glendive, Great Falls, Havre, Helena, Kalispell, Lewistown, Livingston, Miles City, Missoula, Virginia City, Nebraska, Beatrice, Bellevue, Boys Town, Chadron, Columbus, Fremont, Grand Island, Hastings, Kearney, Lincoln, McCook, Minden, Nebraska City, Norfolk, North Platte, Omaha, Plattsmouth, Red Cloud, Sidney, Nevada, Boulder City, Carson City, Elko, Ely, Fallon, Genoa, Goldfield, Henderson, Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, Reno, Sparks, Virginia City, Winnemucca, New Hampshire, Berlin, Claremont, Concord, Derry, Dover, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, Hanover, Hillsborough, Keene, Laconia, Lebanon, Manchester, Nashua, Peterborough, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem, Somersworth, New Jersey, Asbury Park, Atlantic City, Bayonne, Bloomfield, Bordentown, Bound Brook, Bridgeton, Burlington, Caldwell, Camden, Cape May, Clifton, Cranford, East Orange, Edison, Elizabeth, Englewood, Fort Lee, Glassboro, Hackensack, Haddonfield, Hoboken, Irvington, Jersey City, Lakehurst, Lakewood, Long Beach, Long Branch, Madison, Menlo Park, Millburn, Millville, Montclair, Morristown, Mount Holly, New Brunswick, New Milford, Newark, Ocean City, Orange, Parsippany–Troy Hills, Passaic, Paterson, Perth Amboy, Plainfield, Princeton, Ridgewood, Roselle, Rutherford, Salem, Somerville, South Orange Village, Totowa, Trenton, Union, Union City, Vineland, Wayne, Weehawken, West New York, West Orange, Willingboro, Woodbridge, New Mexico, Acoma, Alamogordo, Albuquerque, Artesia, Belen, Carlsbad, Clovis, Deming, Farmington, Gallup, Grants, Hobbs, Las Cruces, Las Vegas, Los Alamos, Lovington, Portales, Raton, Roswell, Santa Fe, Shiprock, Silver City, Socorro, Taos, Truth or Consequences, Tucumcari, New York, Albany, Amsterdam, Auburn, Babylon, Batavia, Beacon, Bedford, Binghamton, Bronx, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chautauqua, Cheektowaga, Clinton, Cohoes, Coney Island, Cooperstown, Corning, Cortland, Crown Point, Dunkirk, East Aurora, East Hampton, Eastchester, Elmira, Flushing, Forest Hills, Fredonia, Garden City, Geneva, Glens Falls, Gloversville, Great Neck, Hammondsport, Harlem, Hempstead, Herkimer, Hudson, Huntington, Hyde Park, Ilion, Ithaca, Jamestown, Johnstown, Kingston, Lackawanna, Lake Placid, Levittown, Lockport, Mamaroneck, Manhattan, Massena, Middletown, Mineola, Mount Vernon, New Paltz, New Rochelle, New Windsor, New York City, Newburgh, Niagara Falls, North Hempstead, Nyack, Ogdensburg, Olean, Oneida, Oneonta, Ossining, Oswego, Oyster Bay, Palmyra, Peekskill, Plattsburgh, Port Washington, Potsdam, Poughkeepsie, Queens, Rensselaer, Rochester, Rome, Rotterdam, Rye, Sag Harbor, Saranac Lake, Saratoga Springs, Scarsdale, Schenectady, Seneca Falls, Southampton, Staten Island, Stony Brook, Stony Point, Syracuse, Tarrytown, Ticonderoga, Tonawanda, Troy, Utica, Watertown, Watervliet, Watkins Glen, West Seneca, White Plains, Woodstock, Yonkers, North Carolina, Asheboro, Asheville, Bath, Beaufort, Boone, Burlington, Chapel Hill, Charlotte, Concord, Durham, Edenton, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville, Gastonia, Goldsboro, Greensboro, Greenville, Halifax, Henderson, Hickory, High Point, Hillsborough, Jacksonville, Kinston, Kitty Hawk, Lumberton, Morehead City, Morganton, Nags Head, New Bern, Pinehurst, Raleigh, Rocky Mount, Salisbury, Shelby, Washington, Wilmington, Wilson, Winston-Salem, North Dakota, Bismarck, Devils Lake, Dickinson, Fargo, Grand Forks, Jamestown, Mandan, Minot, Rugby, Valley City, Wahpeton, Williston, Ohio, Akron, Alliance, Ashtabula, Athens, Barberton, Bedford, Bellefontaine, Bowling Green, Canton, Chillicothe, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Cleveland Heights, Columbus, Conneaut, Cuyahoga Falls, Dayton, Defiance, Delaware, East Cleveland, East Liverpool, Elyria, Euclid, Findlay, Gallipolis, Greenville, Hamilton, Kent, Kettering, Lakewood, Lancaster, Lima, Lorain, Mansfield, Marietta, Marion, Martins Ferry, Massillon, Mentor, Middletown, Milan, Mount Vernon, New Philadelphia, Newark, Niles, North College Hill, Norwalk, Oberlin, Painesville, Parma, Piqua, Portsmouth, Put-in-Bay, Salem, Sandusky, Shaker Heights, Springfield, Steubenville, Tiffin, Toledo, Urbana, Warren, Wooster, Worthington, Xenia, Yellow Springs, Youngstown, Zanesville, Oklahoma, Ada, Altus, Alva, Anadarko, Ardmore, Bartlesville, Bethany, Chickasha, Claremore, Clinton, Cushing, Duncan, Durant, Edmond, El Reno, Elk City, Enid, Eufaula, Frederick, Guthrie, Guymon, Hobart, Holdenville, Hugo, Lawton, McAlester, Miami, Midwest City, Moore, Muskogee, Norman, Oklahoma City, Okmulgee, Pauls Valley, Pawhuska, Perry, Ponca City, Pryor, Sallisaw, Sand Springs, Sapulpa, Seminole, Shawnee, Stillwater, Tahlequah, The Village, Tulsa, Vinita, Wewoka, Woodward, Oregon, Albany, Ashland, Astoria, Baker City, Beaverton, Bend, Brookings, Burns, Coos Bay, Corvallis, Eugene, Grants Pass, Hillsboro, Hood River, Jacksonville, John Day, Klamath Falls, La Grande, Lake Oswego, Lakeview, McMinnville, Medford, Newberg, Newport, Ontario, Oregon City, Pendleton, Port Orford, Portland, Prineville, Redmond, Reedsport, Roseburg, Salem, Seaside, Springfield, The Dalles, Tillamook, Pennsylvania, Abington, Aliquippa, Allentown, Altoona, Ambridge, Bedford, Bethlehem, Bloomsburg, Bradford, Bristol, Carbondale, Carlisle, Chambersburg, Chester, Columbia, Easton, Erie, Franklin, Germantown, Gettysburg, Greensburg, Hanover, Harmony, Harrisburg, Hazleton, Hershey, Homestead, Honesdale, Indiana, Jeannette, Jim Thorpe, Johnstown, Lancaster, Lebanon, Levittown, Lewistown, Lock Haven, Lower Southampton, McKeesport, Meadville, Middletown, Monroeville, Nanticoke, New Castle, New Hope, New Kensington, Norristown, Oil City, Philadelphia, Phoenixville, Pittsburgh, Pottstown, Pottsville, Reading, Scranton, Shamokin, Sharon, State College, Stroudsburg, Sunbury, Swarthmore, Tamaqua, Titusville, Uniontown, Warren, Washington, West Chester, Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, York, Rhode Island, Barrington, Bristol, Central Falls, Cranston, East Greenwich, East Providence, Kingston, Middletown, Narragansett, Newport, North Kingstown, Pawtucket, Portsmouth, Providence, South Kingstown, Tiverton, Warren, Warwick, Westerly, Wickford, Woonsocket, South Carolina, Abbeville, Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Camden, Charleston, Columbia, Darlington, Florence, Gaffney, Georgetown, Greenville, Greenwood, Hartsville, Lancaster, Mount Pleasant, Myrtle Beach, Orangeburg, Rock Hill, Spartanburg, Sumter, Union, South Dakota, Aberdeen, Belle Fourche, Brookings, Canton, Custer, De Smet, Deadwood, Hot Springs, Huron, Lead, Madison, Milbank, Mitchell, Mobridge, Pierre, Rapid City, Sioux Falls, Spearfish, Sturgis, Vermillion, Watertown, Yankton, Tennessee, Alcoa, Athens, Chattanooga, Clarksville, Cleveland, Columbia, Cookeville, Dayton, Elizabethton, Franklin, Gallatin, Gatlinburg, Greeneville, Jackson, Johnson City, Jonesborough, Kingsport, Knoxville, Lebanon, Maryville, Memphis, Morristown, Murfreesboro, Nashville, Norris, Oak Ridge, Shelbyville, Tullahoma, Texas, Abilene, Alpine, Amarillo, Arlington, Austin, Baytown, Beaumont, Big Spring, Borger, Brownsville, Bryan, Canyon, Cleburne, College Station, Corpus Christi, Crystal City, Dallas, Del Rio, Denison, Denton, Eagle Pass, Edinburg, El Paso, Fort Worth, Freeport, Galveston, Garland, Goliad, Greenville, Harlingen, Houston, Huntsville, Irving, Johnson City, Kilgore, Killeen, Kingsville, Laredo, Longview, Lubbock, Lufkin, Marshall, McAllen, McKinney, Mesquite, Midland, Mission, Nacogdoches, New Braunfels, Odessa, Orange, Pampa, Paris, Pasadena, Pecos, Pharr, Plainview, Plano, Port Arthur, Port Lavaca, Richardson, San Angelo, San Antonio, San Felipe, San Marcos, Sherman, Sweetwater, Temple, Texarkana, Texas City, Tyler, Uvalde, Victoria, Waco, Weatherford, Wichita Falls, Ysleta, Utah, Alta, American Fork, Bountiful, Brigham City, Cedar City, Clearfield, Delta, Fillmore, Green River, Heber City, Kanab, Layton, Lehi, Logan, Manti, Moab, Monticello, Murray, Nephi, Ogden, Orderville, Orem, Panguitch, Park City, Payson, Price, Provo, Saint George, Salt Lake City, Spanish Fork, Springville, Tooele, Vernal, Vermont, Barre, Bellows Falls, Bennington, Brattleboro, Burlington, Essex, Manchester, Middlebury, Montpelier, Newport, Plymouth, Rutland, Saint Albans, Saint Johnsbury, Sharon, Winooski, Virginia, Abingdon, Alexandria, Bristol, Charlottesville, Chesapeake, Danville, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Hampton, Hanover, Hopewell, Lexington, Lynchburg, Manassas, Martinsville, New Market, Newport News, Norfolk, Petersburg, Portsmouth, Reston, Richmond, Roanoke, Staunton, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, Waynesboro, Williamsburg, Winchester, Washington, Aberdeen, Anacortes, Auburn, Bellevue, Bellingham, Bremerton, Centralia, Coulee Dam, Coupeville, Ellensburg, Ephrata, Everett, Hoquiam, Kelso, Kennewick, Longview, Moses Lake, Oak Harbor, Olympia, Pasco, Point Roberts, Port Angeles, Pullman, Puyallup, Redmond, Renton, Richland, Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Vancouver, Walla Walla, Wenatchee, Yakima, West Virginia, Bath, Beckley, Bluefield, Buckhannon, Charles Town, Charleston, Clarksburg, Elkins, Fairmont, Grafton, Harpers Ferry, Hillsboro, Hinton, Huntington, Keyser, Lewisburg, Logan, Martinsburg, Morgantown, Moundsville, New Martinsville, Parkersburg, Philippi, Point Pleasant, Princeton, Romney, Shepherdstown, South Charleston, Summersville, Weirton, Welch, Wellsburg, Weston, Wheeling, White Sulphur Springs, Williamson, Wisconsin, Appleton, Ashland, Baraboo, Belmont, Beloit, Eau Claire, Fond du Lac, Green Bay, Hayward, Janesville, Kenosha, La Crosse, Lake Geneva, Madison, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menasha, Milwaukee, Neenah, New Glarus, Oconto, Oshkosh, Peshtigo, Portage, Prairie du Chien, Racine, Rhinelander, Ripon, Sheboygan, Spring Green, Stevens Point, Sturgeon Bay, Superior, Waukesha, Wausau, Wauwatosa, West Allis, West Bend, Wisconsin Dells, Wyoming, Buffalo, Casper, Cheyenne, Cody, Douglas, Evanston, Gillette, Green River, Jackson, Lander, Laramie, Newcastle, Powell, Rawlins, Riverton, Rock Springs, Sheridan, Ten Sleep, Thermopolis, Torrington, Worland. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-cities-and-towns-in-the-United-States-2023068)  

Why do I require the other parent’s Consent to relocate to the United States of America?

According to South African law, if you are a co-holder of parental responsibilities and rights over your minor child, you must consent to your child leaving South Africa. In this case, relocating to the United States of America. Here we refer to section 18 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. The entire provision is as follows: 18 Parental responsibilities and rights  (1) A person may have either full or specific parental responsibilities and rights in respect of a child.  (2) The parental responsibilities and rights that a person may have in respect of a child, include the responsibility and the right-  (a) to care for the child;  (b) to maintain contact with the child;  (c) to act as guardian of the child; and  (d) to contribute to the maintenance of the child.  (3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), a parent or other person who acts as guardian of a child must-  (a) administer and safeguard the child’s property and property interests;  (b) assist or represent the child in administrative, contractual and other legal matters; or  (c) give or refuse any consent required by law in respect of the child, including-  (i) consent to the child’s marriage;  (ii) consent to the child’s adoption;  (iii) consent to the child’s departure or removal from the Republic;  (iv) consent to the child’s application for a passport; and  (v) consent to the alienation or encumbrance of any immovable property of the child.  (4) Whenever more than one person has guardianship of a child, each one of them is competent, subject to subsection (5), any other law or any order of a competent court to the contrary, to exercise independently and without the Consent of the other any right or responsibility arising from such guardianship. (5) Unless a competent court orders otherwise, the Consent of all the persons that have guardianship of a child is necessary in respect of matters set out in subsection (3)(c). Now let us explain what Parental Responsibilities and Rights are.

What are Parental Responsibilities and Rights of a parent in relation to a child?

As can be seen from section 18(2) of the Children’s Act, when we refer to Parental Responsibilities and Rights, we refer to the following: (a) to care for the child;  (b) to maintain contact with the child;  (c) to act as guardian of the child; and  (d) to contribute to the maintenance of the child. Therefore, if a parent has parental responsibilities and rights over a minor child, and accordingly, rights of guardianship, their Consent is required when it comes to issues of guardianship. As seen from section 18(3)(c) of the Children’s Act above, both parents’ Consent is required should a minor child depart from the Republic of South Africa. In this case, to emigrate to the United States of America. Even if the minor child only wants to go for a short holiday to the United States of America, both guardians’ Consent would be required.

When would the other parent be seen as a guardian in the case of a relocation matter to the United States of America?

It must be noted that not all parents are legal guardians over their minor children. We should therefore distinguish between married or divorced parents and parents who were never married. As you would see below, usually married, or divorced parents’ Consent would be required for a minor child to relocate or emigrate to the United States of America. However, that does not automatically apply to parents who were never married. This could be because the child could have been born from a brief encounter and never met his or her father. It would not make sense that a parent who never met his or her 15-year-old child, should give Consent for relocation to the United States of America.

Mother’s Consent for relocation of the minor child to the United States of America

Section 19 of the Children’s Act deals with the Parental responsibilities and rights of mothers. It states the following: 19 Parental responsibilities and rights of mothers  (1) The biological mother of a child, whether married or unmarried, has full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child.  (2) If-  (a) the biological mother of a child is an unmarried child who does not have guardianship in respect of the child; and  (b) the biological father of the child does not have guardianship in respect of the child, the guardian of the child’s biological mother is also the guardian of the child.  (3) This section does not apply in respect of a child who is the subject of a surrogacy agreement. As seen from section 19(1) of the Children’s Act, in most cases involving the relocation of a minor child to the United States of America, the mother’s Consent is required as she has full parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child.

Married father’s Consent for the relocation of the minor child to the United States of America

Section 20 of the Children’s Act deals with Parental responsibilities and rights of married fathers. It states the following: 20 Parental responsibilities and rights of married fathers The biological father of a child has full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child- (a) if he is married to the child’s mother; or (b) if he was married to the child’s mother at (i) the time of the child’s conception; (ii) the time of the child’s birth; or (iii) any time between the child’s conception and birth. As can be seen from sections 20 (a) and (b) of the Children’s Act, if the father and the mother were married, or are married, then his Consent is required for the minor child to relocate to the United States of America. Of course, an exception to this would be should a court of law order otherwise. This would be the case should the parents be divorced and the divorce court ordered that only the mother may act as guardian. Next, we deal with the issue of an unmarried father’s Consent to relocate a minor child to the United States of America.

Consent of unmarried fathers for the relocation of their minor children to the United States of America.

Section 21 of the Children’s Act deals with parental responsibilities and rights of unmarried fathers. The section states the following: 21 Parental responsibilities and rights of unmarried fathers  (1) The biological father of a child who does not have parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child in terms of section 20, acquires full parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the child-  (a) if at the time of the child’s birth he is living with the mother in a permanent life-partnership; or  (b) if he, regardless of whether he has lived or is living with the mother-  (i) consents to be identified or successfully applies in terms of section 26 to be identified as the child’s father or pays damages in terms of customary law;  (ii) contributes or has attempted in good faith to contribute to the child’s upbringing for a reasonable period; and  (iii) contributes or has attempted in good faith to contribute towards expenses in connection with the maintenance of the child for a reasonable period.  (2) This section does not affect the duty of a father to contribute towards the maintenance of the child.  (3) (a) If there is a dispute between the biological father referred to in subsection (1) and the biological mother of a child with regard to the fulfilment by that father of the conditions set out in subsection (1) (a) or (b), the matter must be referred for mediation to a family advocate, social worker, social service professional or other suitably qualified person.  (b) Any party to the mediation may have the outcome  of the mediation reviewed by a court.  (4) This section applies regardless of whether the child was born before or after the commencement of this Act. As can be seen from the latter sections, a father of a child born out of wedlock does not automatically have parental responsibilities and rights over his minor child. He may however acquire those parental responsibilities and rights over his minor child if he is materially involved in the child’s life. That would be where the father and the mother were in a permanent life partnership when the child was born or he is meaningfully involved in the child’s life, as outlined above. We shall not go into much detail regarding that. However, in most cases, if the father had regular contact with the child and paid child support, he would have acquired parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child.

What do you do if the other parent does not want to consent to the minor child relocating to the United States of America?

Suppose the other parent also has parental responsibilities and rights over the minor child, and he or she does not want to consent to the relocation of the minor child to the United States of America, then in such a case, the Court needs to be approached. Here I refer you back to section 18(5) of the Children’s Act referred to above where it states: (5) Unless a competent court orders otherwise, the Consent of all the persons that have guardianship of a child is necessary in respect of matters set out in subsection (3)(c). Therefore, after your Court Application has been launched an both sides have been heard, the Court would make the necessary Order. If you are successful in your application for the relocation of your minor children to the United States of America, then the Court will make an Order similar to that which is shown below. [caption id="attachment_10842" align="alignnone" width="672"]Relocation consent Court Order for minor child to the United States of America- USA - Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf Relocation consent Court Order for minor child to the United States of America- USA – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf[/caption] [caption id="attachment_10843" align="alignnone" width="660"]Relocation consent Court Order for minor child to the United States of America- USA - Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf Relocation consent Court Order for minor child to the United States of America- USA – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf[/caption]  

Tricks and tips on how to win your child maintenance case

Connect with
Adv. Abduroaf– Click here [caption id="attachment_7074" align="alignleft" width="269"]Advocate of the High Court of South Africa Family Law Legal Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Advocate of the High Court of South Africa[/caption] Child maintenance legal issues might sound simple, compare to, for example, a criminal case of fraud. However, a child maintenance case could be much more complicated, challenging and exhausting. That, however, does not have to be the case. At least not always. Find out some of the tips and tricks provided by Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, a family law expert with more than a decade of experience in family law, and child maintenance matters. Read on to find out some tips and tricks of the trade. Valuable advice is given on what to do through the maintenance court process. Download your Child Maintenance Calculator, click here. [maxbutton id=”2″ ]

Child Maintenance and Applications – How does it work?

The focus of this article is not to explain how child maintenance work, or how to apply for child maintenance. There are many articles written on that topic. But in short, parents must pay according to their means. So, if a child’s expense the month is R 60 (obviously this is a fictitious example) and the father earns R 500 a month and the mother R 250 a month, then if all else is equal, the father should contribute R 40 towards the minor child’s expenses, and the mother, R 20. Now that is the long and short of the matter. However, other factors also play a role. They include the necessary expenses of each parent, which determines how much they should contribute, as well as what assets the parents own. For example, if a father earns R 100 a month, and the mother R R800 – 00, the father would pay the majority of the minor child’s expenses if he owns other assets worth R 100 000 – 00 and the mother none. Purchase a Consultation with us from our Online Shop, by clicking here.

advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceWhat are the challenges in child maintenance cases for parents?

Now we deal with the challenges. The child costs R 60 per month, but the parent who is supposed to pay maintenance, the father, in this case, is only willing to pay R 10 per month. This is what he says he can only afford and what he believes the minor child needs. He says that if he pays more, the mother would use the money for herself. But the facts as in the example above, the father earns R 500 a month and the mother, R 250. Therefore, the father should pay R 40 and not R 10 as he offers. The challenge the mother now has is to prove that the father can afford to pay R 40 and not R 10 as he offers. The mother is worried, that should she go to the maintenance court for help, she would only get R 5 because that is what the father said he will pay should she go to court. What is our advice? Go to Court!

The Maintenance Court – What do they do?

If a parent does not pay reasonable child maintenance, the maintenance court can enforce compliance. This they would do through the Maintenance Court enquiry process. Once a maintenance order is made, it becomes a criminal offense not to adhere to it. The court may even issue a warrant attaching property, or salary.

The maintenance investigator at the Court

Each maintenance court has a maintenance investigator. What this investigator does is gather evidence in a maintenance court case. However, in practice, no one may tell you that there is a maintenance investigator who could assist you in your case. This could be because of the huge amount of maintenance cases that come through the doors of the court.

How does the maintenance court make a decision?

Now, this is where it becomes challenging. The maintenance court can only make an order against a parent if there is evidence that he or she can afford the maintenance claimed, and obviously, the amount claimed is fair. The problem in practice is, the mother alleges that the father can afford the child maintenance, but she has no concrete evidence to back it up. The father is also not forthcoming, and only shows evidence that he cannot afford the amount claimed. The mother knows that he can afford the required amount due to his standard of living and what she experienced while they lived together.

What tips are there for the mother in maintenance matters?

What follows is a list of things you can do, either yourself or through the maintenance court. However please note that the court won’t entertain your application for child maintenance should it be excessive. In other words, if you know the father cannot afford the amount claimed, or that you are intentionally claiming too much; then, in that case, you would be wasting your time. If you have a legal representative, you would be wasting money as well. Purchase a Consultation with us from our Online Shop, by clicking here.

Maintenance Court Investigator

Insist that the maintenance court instruct the maintenance investigator to investigate the financial affairs of the other parent. This you should even more so insist on if the father does not even provide the court with a copy of his salary slip and outline of expenses.

The father’s employer

Ask the maintenance court to issue a subpoena against the father’s employer for the salary advice of the father. Also, request details of the father’s pension interest the father may have.

The father’s banking account

Obtain the father’s bank statements. Here you should ask the court to subpoena various banking institutions for bank statements of the father. Bank statements hold in them valuable information about the lifestyle of a person. You may find out that the father spends half his money on his cell phone or luxury clothing. You can use this information to show the court that the father can tighten his belt and spend more money on his child. What sometimes happens is, you may find additional income coming into the father’s banking account.

Father’s Credit Profile

Have the maintenance court obtain a credit profile of the father. From the profile, valuable information can be obtained. For example, where he last applied for credit, employment and residential details. If the father says he does not have money, but he applied for credit to purchase a new car, clearly there is money.

Social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest etc.)

These days, many people publish their lives on social media. If the father, in this case, keeps loading pictures and posts of how hadvice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorcee lives the good life; that information may be used to show the maintenance court that the father lives a life different than what he wants the court and you to believe. Many people also make use of LinkedIn accounts. On it, they provide updated employment details. This would be useful to show the court should the father say he is an admin clerk. but on LinkedIn tell the world he is a manager.

Property Search in maintenance matters

What may be useful, is to do a property search on the father. Here you would find out what property that person owns. For example, the father may rent a house, but own a house in a different province where he obtains rent. That house he could have inherited.

Other tips and tricks in child maintenance matters

Each case is different. What would work in one maintenance matter, won’t work in another. For example, if someone is self-employed, and only get paid with cash, the dynamics are different. There won’t be any bank statements or payslips. In such a case, you need to be creative. Maybe ask questions to clients of the father and find out what he does and charges. If you can obtain the names of people the father does business with; that would be very useful. You may provide that information to the maintenance court and the investigator could follow up on it. If the father sees that you are getting somewhere, he may decide to pay a fair amount.

Final words in child maintenance matters

Your maintenance case is largely dependent on you proving that your child needs the requested amount. If you do not have proof, or cannot prove it, even if you show that the father can afford it, the court won’t order him to pay it. The court would only order him to pay what is fair and proved. Therefore, always ensure that you keep proof of your income and expenses up to date and ready to provide it to court. Download your Child Maintenance Calculator, click here.

Have a family Law appointment with us

We have an online appointments system which enables you to save valuable time and cut straight to the chase. There is, therefore, no need for you to visit our offices (unless it is best for you to do so, or is your most preferred option). You may set up telephonic or video consultations should you wish to do so. You can, therefore, stay in the office or on the couch in the comfort of your own home when dealing with us. We are therefore physical, online, set-up and ready to meet with you. Make your appointment online for a consultation today. If you find any of our articles, free resources and posts advice-child-maintenance-child-custody-divorceinteresting, or possibly useful to others, please like and share it on Social Media by clicking on the icons below. Should you require any other legal services and advice, not related to family law, visit Private Legal. Or click here for the details of Cape Town Advocate, Muhammad Abduroaf. Purchase a Consultation with us from our Online Shop, by clicking here.            

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What are your contact details?

If you require an Advocate Law Firm to assist you in your legal matter, feel free to contact us using the following details:
  • Tel.: 021 111 0090
  • Email.: [email protected]
The services you may instruct the firm of Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf to represent you in are as follows:

High Court matters

  • Civil claim surrounding money;
  • Interdicts;
  • Divorces (Opposed and unopposed);
  • Child Custody and guardianship disputes;
  • Relocation of minor children;
  • Various criminal matters;
  • Minor children surname changes;
  • Appeals and Reviews; and
  • Other matters.

Magistrates Court matters

  • Civil claim surrounding money;
  • Various criminal matters;
  • Interdicts;
  • Maintenance Court matters;
  • Divorces Court matters (Opposed and unopposed)’
  • Children’s Court matter; and
  • Other matters.

Constitutional Court

  • Appeals

Supreme Court of Appeal

  • Appeals and Reviews
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