Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Trust Account Lawyer- Best Legal Law Practitioners (Advocate Attorney) Child Custody Maintenance Contact Divorce Relocation Passport Consent High Court Cape Town
What to know when wanting to appeal a High Court Judgment?
Everyone has a right to take a matter to a court of law. At the same time, everyone has a right to challenge a decision of a judicial officer. We all make mistakes and a judicial officer is no different. This article deals with the court rules relating to appeals from decisions emanating in the High Court. Therefore, should you wish to appeal a decision of a Judge in the High Court, have a look at the High Court rules below. When dealing with Appeals in the High Court, one looks at the Uniform Rules, or RULES REGULATING THE CONDUCT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVERAL PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL DIVISIONS OF THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA. The Rules are amended from time to time. Rule 49 deals with Civil appeals from the High Court. It is copied below. 
49 Civil Appeals from the High Court
(1) (a) When leave to appeal is required, it may on a statement of the grounds therefor be requested at the time of the judgment or order. (b) When leave to appeal is required and it has not been requested at the time of the judgment or order, application for such leave shall be made and the grounds therefor shall be furnished within fifteen days after the date of the order appealed against: Provided that when the reasons or the full reasons for the court’s order are given on a later date than the date of the order, such application may be made within fifteen days after such later date: Provided further that the court may, upon good cause shown, extend the aforementioned periods of fifteen days. (c) When in giving an order the court declares that the reasons for the order will be furnished to any of the parties on application, such application shall be delivered within ten days after the date of the order. (d) The application mentioned in paragraph (b) above shall be set down on a date arranged by the registrar who shall give written notice thereof to the parties. (e) Such application shall be heard by the judge who presided at the trial or, if he is not available, by another judge of the division of which the said judge, when he so presided, was a member. (2) If leave to appeal to the full court is granted the notice of appeal shall be delivered to all the parties within twenty days after the date upon which leave was granted or within such longer period as may upon good cause shown be permitted. (3) The notice of appeal shall state whether the whole or part only of the judgment or order is appealed against and if only part of such judgment or order is appealed against, it shall state which part and shall further specify the finding of fact and/or ruling of law appealed against and the grounds upon which the appeal is founded. (4) A notice of cross-appeal shall be delivered within ten days after delivery of the notice of appeal or within such longer period as may upon good cause shown be permitted and the provisions of these Rules with regard to appeals shall mutatis mutandis apply to cross-appeals. (5) In the case of an appeal against the judgment or order of the court of the Witwatersrand Local Division, the judge president of the Transvaal Provincial Division shall determine whether the appeal should be heard by the full court of the said local division. As soon as possible after receipt of the notice of appeal or cross-appeal, if any, the registrar of the local division shall ascertain from the judge president his direction in the particular case. If the judge president has directed that the appeal be heard by the full court of the Witwatersrand Local Division, the said registrar shall immediately inform the parties of the direction. If not so directed by the judge president, the said registrar shall inform the registrar of the provincial division as well as the parties accordingly. (6) (a) Within sixty days after delivery of a notice of appeal, an appellant shall make written application to the registrar of the division where the appeal is to be heard for a date for the hearing of such appeal and shall at the same time furnish him with his full residential address and the name and address of every other party to the appeal and if the appellant fails to do so a respondent may within ten days after the expiry of the said period of sixty days, as in the case of the appellant, apply for the set down of the appeal or cross-appeal which he may have noted. If no such application is made by either party the appeal and cross-appeal shall be deemed to have lapsed: Provided that a respondent shall have the right to apply for an order for his wasted costs. (b) The court to which the appeal is made may, on application of the appellant or cross-appellant, and upon good cause shown, reinstate an appeal or cross-appeal which has lapsed. (7) (a) At the same time as the application for a date for the hearing of an appeal in terms of subrule (6) (a) of this rule the appellant shall file with the registrar three copies of the record on appeal and shall furnish two copies to the respondent. The registrar shall further be provided with a complete index and copies of all papers, documents and exhibits in the case, except formal and immaterial documents: Provided that such omissions shall be referred to in the said index. If the necessary copies of the record are not ready at that stage, the registrar may accept an application for a date of hearing without the necessary copies if- (i) the application is accompanied by a written agreement between the parties that the copies of the record may be handed in late; or (ii) failing such agreement, the appellant delivers an application together with an affidavit in which the reasons for his omission to hand in the copies of the record in time are set out and in which is indicated that an application for condonation of the omission will be made at the hearing of the appeal. (b) The two copies of the record to be served on the respondent shall be served at the same time as the filing of the aforementioned three copies with the registrar. (c) After delivery of the copies of the record, the registrar of the court that is to hear the appeal or cross-appeal shall assign a date for the hearing of the appeal or for the application for condonation and appeal, as the case may be, and shall set the appeal down for hearing on the said date and shall give the parties at least twenty days’ notice in writing of the date so assigned. (d) If the party who applied for a date for the hearing of the appeal neglects or fails to file or deliver the said copies of the record within 40 days after the acceptance by the registrar of the application for a date of hearing in terms of subrule (7) (a) the other party may approach the court for an order that the application has lapsed. (8) (a) Copies referred to in subrule (7) shall be clearly typed on A.4 standard paper in double spacing, paginated and bound and in addition every tenth line on every page shall be numbered. (b) The left side of each page shall be provided with a margin of at least 35 mm that shall be left clear, except in the case of exhibits that are duplicated by photoprinting, where it is impossible to obtain a margin with the said dimensions. Where the margin of the said exhibits is so small that parts of the documents will be obscured by binding, such documents shall be mounted on sheets of A4 paper and folded back to ensure that the prescribed margin is provided. (9) By consent of the parties, exhibits and annexures having no bearing on the point at issue in the appeal and immaterial portions of lengthy documents may be omitted. Such consent, setting out what documents or parts thereof have been omitted, shall be signed by the parties and shall be included in the record on appeal. The court hearing the appeal may order that the whole of the record be placed before it. (10) When the decision of an appeal turns exclusively on a point of law, the parties may agree to submit such appeal to the court in the form of a special case, in which event copies shall be submitted of only such portions of the record as may be necessary for a proper decision of the appeal: Provided that the court hearing the appeal may require that the whole of the record of the case be placed before it. (11) Where an appeal has been noted or an application for leave to appeal against or to rescind, correct, review or vary an order of a court has been made, the operation and execution of the order in question shall be suspended, pending the decision of such appeal or application, unless the court which gave such order, on the application of a party, otherwise directs. (12) If the order referred to in subrule (11) is carried into execution by order of the court the party requesting such execution shall, unless the court otherwise orders, before such execution enter into such security as the parties may agree or the registrar may decide for the restitution of any sum obtained upon such execution. The registrar’s decision shall be final. (13) (a) Unless the respondent waives his or her right to security or the court in granting leave to appeal or subsequently on application to it, has released the appellant wholly or partially from that obligation, the appellant shall, before lodging copies of the record on appeal with the registrar, enter into good and sufficient security for the respondent’s costs of appeal. (b) In the event of failure by the parties to agree on the amount of security, the registrar shall fix the amount and the appellant shall enter into security in the amount so fixed or such percentage thereof as the court has determined, as the case may be. (14) The provisions of subrules (12) and (13) shall not be applicable to the Government of the Republic of South Africa or any provincial administration. (15) Not later than fifteen days before the appeal is heard the appellant shall deliver a concise and succinct statement of the main points (without elaboration) which he intends to argue on appeal, as well as a list of the authorities to be tendered in support of each point, and not later than ten days before the appeal is heard the respondent shall deliver a similar statement. Three additional copies shall in each case be filed with the registrar. (16) A notice of appeal in terms of section 76 of the Patents Act, 1978 (Act 57 of 1978), or section 63 of the Trade Marks Act, 1963 (Act 62 of 1963), may be served on the patent agent referred to in the Patents Act, 1978, or the agent referred to in section 8 of the Trade Marks Act, 1963, who represented the respondent in the proceedings in respect of which an appeal is noted. (17) In the case of appeals to the full court in terms of the provisions of a statute in which the procedure to be followed is laid down, this rule is applicable as far as provision is made for matters not regulated by the statute. (18) Notwithstanding the provisions of this rule the judge president may, in consultation with the parties concerned, direct that a contemplated appeal be dealt with as an urgent matter and order that it be disposed of, and the appeal be prosecuted, at such time and in such manner as to him seems meet.
Amendments to the Maintenance Act – Final Changes that took place in 2018 – Know your rights
Parents have a legal obligation to maintain their children. The same applies to spouses who have to maintain each other, and so on. This obligation should be exercised naturally. In other words, even if a parent did not know of the law enforcing child support, he or she should have a natural inclination to do so. Unfortunately, the true reality is that it is not the case. Countless parents are taken to the maintenance court every year due to not supporting, or inadequately supporting their children. And to be fair, there are parents who abuse the maintenance process who takes the parent to court who is already adequately contributing. Now, for the maintenance enforcement process to function, working mechanisms need to be in place. This is where the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998, and the Maintenance Amendment Act, 9 of 2015 come into play. Read on to learn more.The Maintenance Act 99 of 1998
Since or about 1998, the Maintenance Act 99 of 1998 was the main piece of legislation that was used for parents to obtain maintenance for their children. Other legal tools would be making an application in terms of High Court Rule 43 for interim maintenance in a divorce matter, and the Divorce Court would make a final order. In the Magistrate’s Court, rule 58 would apply. Then there is the Domestic Violence Act, which allows for emergency monetary relief. Notwithstanding the Maintenance Act being a great and useful tool, as time changed, so too did it have to do the same.Maintenance Amendment Act (Act No.9 of 2015)
On 5 January 2018, the entire Maintenance Amendment Act came into operation. In our view, it placed some sharp claws into the already existing Maintenance Act. Some changes to the Maintenance Act were cosmetic in a sense and other changes (or additions) toughened up the law. Sections 2, 11 and 13(b) of the Amendment Act, which is dealt with below, were not initially in operation due to it requiring Regulations to be created to make it work. It is however now in place. To make things easy, we unpacked the Maintenance Amendment Act (Act No.9 of 2015) and give our explanation as to how it better serves South Africans. Below we provide a summary of the amendments we find relevant to mention, as well as the actual amendments for your reference. You, therefore, do not need to read the entire article, unless you have to use it for court or other purposes. For your convenience, just click on the relevant summary below and it will jump to the relevant section of the Act further below.Summary of Changes brought by the Maintenance Amendment Act (Act No.9 of 2015)
- If there was a verbal or written maintenance agreement (which was not made an order of the court), the maintenance court can be approached to substitute or discharge it. [Section 6(c)]
- You may lodge a complaint at the maintenance court within the area of jurisdiction of where you reside, carry on business or are employed. [Section 6(2)]
- The maintenance court may issue a direction directing one or more electronic communications service providers to furnish the court with the contact information of the person a complaint has been made against to obtain his or her whereabouts. For example, Vodacom, MTN or Cell C can be approached to provide their client’s contact details. [Section 7(3)]
- The maintenance court can make an interim maintenance order even if the other party does not agree to it. [Section 10(6)]
- The maintenance court can provide your details to credit bureaus if you are in default and civil execution of a maintenance order took place. [Section 26(2A)]
- Non-compliance with maintenance orders could have you imprisoned for up to 3 (three) years. [Section 31]
Below are the relevant sections of the Maintenance Amendment Act (Act No.9 of 2015)
[ps2id id=’6c’ target=”/]
Substitution of section 6 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 6 of the Maintenance Act, 1998 (hereafter referred to as the principal Act):
‘‘Complaints relating to maintenance
- (1) Whenever a complaint to the effect—
(a) that any person legally liable to maintain any other person fails to maintain the latter person; [or] (b) that good cause exists for the substitution or discharge of a maintenance order; or (c) that good cause exists for the substitution or discharge of a verbal or written agreement in respect of maintenance obligations in which respect there is no existing maintenance order, has been made and is lodged with a maintenance officer in the prescribed manner, the maintenance officer shall investigate that complaint in the prescribed manner and as provided in this Act. [ps2id id=’62’ target=”/] (2) After investigating the complaint, the maintenance officer may institute an enquiry in the maintenance court within the area of jurisdiction in which the person to be maintained, or the person in whose care the person to be maintained is, resides, carries on business or is employed with a view to enquiring into the provision of maintenance for the person so to be maintained.’’. [ps2id id=’73’ target=”/] Amendment of section 7 of Act 99 of 1998
- Section 7 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the addition of the following
subsection: ‘‘(3) (a) If a complaint is lodged with a maintenance officer in terms of section 6 and the maintenance officer, after all reasonable efforts to locate the whereabouts of the person who may be affected by an order which may be made by a maintenance court pursuant to the complaint so lodged, have failed, the maintenance officer may apply to the maintenance court, in the prescribed manner, to issue a direction as contemplated in this subsection. (b) If a maintenance court is satisfied that all reasonable efforts to locate the whereabouts of a person have failed, as contemplated in paragraph (a), the court may issue a direction in the prescribed form, directing one or more electronic communications service providers to furnish the court, in the prescribed manner, with the contact information of the person in question if that person is in fact a customer of the service provider. (c) If the maintenance court issues a direction in terms of paragraph (b) the maintenance court shall direct that the direction be served on the electronic communications service provider in the prescribed manner. (d) The information referred to in paragraph (b) shall be provided to the maintenance court within the time period set out by the court in the direction. (e) An electronic communications service provider on which a direction is served may, in the prescribed manner, apply to the maintenance court for— (i) an extension of the period referred to in paragraph (d) on the grounds that the information cannot be provided timeously; or (ii) the cancellation of the direction on the grounds that— (aa) it does not provide an electronic communications service in respect of the person referred to in the direction; or (bb) the requested information is not available in the records of the electronic communications service provider. (f) After receipt of an application referred to in paragraph (e), the maintenance court shall consider the application, give a decision in respect thereof and inform the electronic communications service provider, in the prescribed manner, of the outcome of the application. (g) The list of electronic communications service providers referred to in section 4(7) of the Protection from Harassment Act, 2011 (Act No. 17 of 2011), may be used by maintenance courts for purposes of this subsection. (h) The tariffs payable to electronic communications service providers for providing information as determined by the Minister in terms of section 4(8) of the Protection from Harassment Act, 2011, apply in the case of information required in terms of this subsection. (i) If the maintenance officer is of the opinion that the person lodging the complaint referred to in paragraph (a) is unable to pay the costs involved in the furnishing of information referred to in paragraph (b), the maintenance officer may at any time after the maintenance court issues a direction under the said paragraph (b), request the maintenance court to hold an enquiry into— (i) the means of the complainant; and (ii) any other circumstances which, in the opinion of the maintenance court, should be taken into consideration. (j) At the conclusion of the enquiry referred to in paragraph (i) the maintenance court may make such order as the court may deem fit relating to the payment of the costs involved in the furnishing of information referred to in paragraph (b), including an order directing the State, subject to section 20, to pay such costs within available resources, in the prescribed manner. (k) The maintenance court may, if it has ordered the State to pay the costs referred to in paragraph (j), upon the application of the maintenance officer, order the person affected by the order to refund the costs so paid by the State in terms of paragraph (j), in the prescribed manner. (l) For purposes of this subsection, ‘‘electronic communications service provider’’ means an entity or a person who is licensed or exempted from being licensed in terms of Chapter 3 of the Electronic Communications Act, 2005 (Act No. 36 of 2005), to provide an electronic communications service.’’. Amendment of section 9 of Act 99 of 1998
- Section 9 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for subsection (1) of the following subsection:
‘‘(1) (a) A maintenance officer who has instituted an enquiry in a maintenance court may cause any person, including any person legally liable to maintain any other person or any person in whose favour a maintenance order has already been made, to be subpoenaed— (i) to appear before the maintenance court and give evidence; or (ii) to produce any book, document or statement. (b) A book, document or statement referred to in paragraph (a)(ii) includes— (i) any book, document or statement relating to the financial position of any person who is affected by the legal liability of a person to maintain any other person or in whose favour a maintenance order has been made; and (ii) in the case where such person is in the service of an employer, a statement which gives full particulars of his or her earnings and which is signed by the employer.’’.
[ps2id id=’106′ target=”/]
Amendment of section 10 of Act 99 of 1998, as amended by section 16 of Act 55 of
2003
- Section 10 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the addition of the following
subsection: ‘‘(6) (a) A maintenance court shall conclude maintenance enquiries as speedily as possible and shall ensure that postponements are limited in number and in duration. (b)A maintenance court may, where a maintenance order has not been made and a postponement of the enquiry is necessary and if the court is satisfied that— (i) there are sufficient grounds prior to such postponement indicating that one of the parties is legally liable to maintain a person or persons; and (ii) undue hardship may be suffered by the person or persons to be maintained as a result of the postponement, subject to paragraph (c), make an interim maintenance order which the maintenance court may make under section 16(1)(a). (c) When the maintenance court subsequently makes any order under section 16, the maintenance court may— (i) make an order confirming the interim maintenance order referred to in paragraph (b); or (ii) set aside such interim maintenance order or substitute it with any other order which the maintenance court may consider just in the circumstances.’’. Amendment of section 16 of Act 99 of 1998, as amended by section 17 of Act 55 of
2003
- Section 16 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for paragraph
(a) of subsection (2) of the following paragraph: ‘‘(2) (a) Any court— (i) that has at any time, whether before or after the commencement of this Act made a maintenance order under subsection (1)(a)(i) or (b)(i); (ii) that makes such a maintenance order; or (iii) that convicts any person of an offence referred to in section 31(1), shall, subject to paragraph (b)(i), make an order directing any person, including any administrator of a pension fund, who is obliged under any contract to pay any sums of money on a periodical basis to the person against whom the maintenance order in question has been or is made, to make on behalf of the latter person such periodical payments from moneys at present or in future owing or accruing to the latter person as may be required to be made in accordance with that maintenance order if that court is satisfied— (aa) where applicable, in the case of subparagraph (i), after hearing such evidence, either in writing or orally, as that court may consider necessary; (bb) where applicable, in the case of subparagraph (ii), after referring to the evidence adduced at the enquiry or the application for an order by default, as the case may be; or (cc) where applicable, in the case of subparagraph (iii), after referring to the evidence adduced at the trial; and (dd) where applicable, after hearing such evidence, either in writing or orally, of any person who is obliged under any contract to pay any sums of money on a periodical basis to the person against whom the maintenance order in question has been or is made, that it is not impracticable in the circumstances of the case: Provided that nothing precludes the court from making an order in terms of this subsection if it is of the opinion that any further postponement of the enquiry in order to obtain the evidence of the person referred to in subparagraph (dd) will give rise to an unreasonable delay in the finalisation of the enquiry, to the detriment of the person or persons to be maintained.’’.Substitution of section 17 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 17 of the principal Act:
‘‘Orders by consent- (1) Any order referred to in section 16(1)(a) or (b) may be made [against any person not present] at the enquiry in the absence of one or both of the parties involved in the enquiry, if it is made in accordance with his or her or their consent in writing handed in by the maintenance officer at the enquiry.
(2) A copy of an order made [against any person not present] at the enquiry in the absence of one or both of the parties as provided for in subsection (1), shall be delivered or tendered to him or her or them, as the case may be, by any maintenance officer, police officer, sheriff or maintenance investigator, and the return of any such officer, sheriff or investigator showing that such copy was delivered or tendered to the particular person or persons shall be deemed to be sufficient proof of the fact that he or she was or they were aware of the terms of the order in question.’’.Amendment of section 18 of Act 99 of 1998
- Section 18 of the principal Act is hereby amended—
(a) by the substitution for subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1) If a maintenance court is satisfied on the grounds of sufficient proof or otherwise— (a) that any person against whom an order may be or has been made under section 16(1)(a) or (b) or that any person in whose favour such an order has been made— (i) has knowledge of a subpoena issued under section 9; or (ii) has appeared before the court and was warned by the court to appear at a later date, time and place before the court; and (b) that he or she has failed to appear before the maintenance court on the date and at the time and place— (i) specified in such subpoena; or (ii) in accordance with a warning referred to in paragraph (a)(ii), the maintenance court may, on application of the maintenance officer for an order by default, call upon the person who has lodged the complaint to adduce such evidence, either in writing or orally, in support of his or her complaint as the maintenance court may consider necessary.’’; (b) by the substitution for subsection (3) of the following subsection: ‘‘(3) A copy of an order made [against] in respect of any person not present at the enquiry shall be delivered or tendered, as soon as may be practicable in the circumstances, to him or her by any maintenance officer, police officer, sheriff or maintenance investigator, and the return of any such officer, sheriff or investigator showing that such copy was delivered or tendered to the particular person shall be deemed to be sufficient proof of the fact that he or she was aware of the terms of the order in question.’’; and (c) by the substitution for paragraph (a) of subsection (4) of the following paragraph: ‘‘(a) The person [against] in respect of whom a maintenance court has made an order by default may apply to the maintenance court for the variation or setting aside of the order.’’. Substitution of section 20 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 20 of the principal Act:
‘‘Orders as to costs of service and directions- The maintenance court holding an enquiry may, having regard to the conduct of the persons involved in the enquiry so far as it may be relevant, make such order as the maintenance court may consider just relating to the costs of—
(a) the service of process; and (b) obtaining the information contemplated in section 7(3).’’. Substitution of section 22 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 22 of the principal Act:
‘‘Notice of substitution or discharge of maintenance orders- Whenever a maintenance court—
(a) makes an order under section 16(1)(b) in substitution of a maintenance order; or (b) discharges a maintenance order under section 16(1)(b), the maintenance order shall cease to be of force and effect only insofar as the court expressly, or by necessary implication, replaced that order or part thereof, and the maintenance officer shall forthwith give notice of the decision to the registrar or clerk of the court in the Republic where the maintenance order was issued or where the sentence concerned was imposed, as the case may be, who shall deal with the relevant records or registers in the prescribed manner.’’. Amendment of section 23 of Act 99 of 1998
- Section 23 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for subsection (1) of the following subsection:
‘‘(1) Subject to the directions prescribed in connection with the transfer of maintenance orders, the maintenance officer [may] shall, in writing, direct the clerk of the court where a maintenance order was made to transmit the maintenance order, together with the prescribed records, to the clerk of the maintenance court within the area of jurisdiction of which the person in whose favour the maintenance order was made, or the person in whose care that person is, resides, carries on business or is employed.’’.
[ps2id id=’262a’ target=”/]Amendment of section 26 of Act 99 of 1998, as amended by section 18 of Act 42 of
2001 and section 18 of Act 55 of 2003
- Section 26 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the insertion after subsection (2) of the following subsection:
‘‘(2A) On the granting of an application contemplated in subsection (2) by a maintenance court, the maintenance officer or clerk of the court at the request of the maintenance officer, shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, in the prescribed manner, furnish the particulars of the person against whom a maintenance order has been made and a certified copy of the order of the court contemplated in subsection (2)(a)(i), (ii) or (iii), to any business which has as its object the granting of credit or is involved in the credit rating of persons.’’. Amendment of section 28 of Act 99 of 1998
- Section 28 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for
subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1) A maintenance court may— (a) on the application of a person referred to in section 26(2)(a); [or] (b) when such court suspends the warrant of execution under section 27 (4)(b)[,]; (c) when such court suspends the order for the attachment of debt under section 30(1); and (d) where applicable, after hearing the evidence, either in writing or orally, of the employer of the person in question, make an order for the attachment of any emoluments at present or in future owing or accruing to the person against whom the maintenance or other order in question was made to the amount necessary to cover the amount which the latter person has failed to pay, together with any interest thereon, as well as the costs of the attachment or execution, which order shall authorise any employer of the latter person to make on behalf of the latter person such payments as may be specified in the order from the emoluments of the latter person until such amount, interest and costs have been paid in full: Provided that nothing precludes the court from making an order in terms of this subsection if it is of the opinion that any further postponement of the enquiry in order to obtain the evidence of the person referred to in paragraph (d) will give rise to an unreasonable delay in the finalisation of the enquiry, to the detriment of the person or persons to be maintained.’’. [ps2id id=’31’ target=”/]Amendment of section 31 of Act 99 of 1998
- Section 31 of the principal Act is hereby amended—
(a) by the substitution for subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), any person who fails to make any particular payment in accordance with a maintenance order shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding [one year] three years or to such imprisonment without the option of a fine.’’; and (b) by the substitution for subsection (4) of the following subsection: ‘‘(4) If a person has been convicted of an offence under this section, the maintenance officer [may] shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, in the prescribed manner, furnish that person’s personal particulars to any business which has its object the granting of credit or is involved in the credit rating of persons.’’. Substitution of section 35 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 35 of the principal Act:
‘‘Offences relating to maintenance enquiries- Any person who wilfully interrupts the proceedings at a maintenance enquiry or who wilfully hinders or obstructs the maintenance court in the performance of the maintenance court’s functions at the enquiry shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding [six months] one year or to both [such] a fine and such imprisonment.’’.
Substitution of section 38 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 38 of the principal Act:
‘‘Offences relating to certain notices- Any person who—
(a) without sufficient cause, refuses or fails to make any payment in accordance with a notice under section 16(3)(a), 29(1) or 30(1); or (b) refuses or fails to give notice to a maintenance officer as required by section 16(3)(b) or 29 (2), shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding [six months] two years.’’.
Substitution of section 39 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 39 of the principal Act:
‘‘Offences relating to notice of change of address- Any person who refuses or fails to give notice of any change of his or her place of residence or employment as required by section 16(4) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding [six months] one year.’’.
Insertion of section 39A in Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby inserted in the principal Act after section 39:
‘‘Offences relating to maintenance investigators 39A. (1) Any person who wilfully hinders or obstructs a maintenance investigator in the exercise of his or her powers or the performance of his or her duties shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year. (2) Any person, other than a clerk of the court who is requested to assist a maintenance investigator in the performance of his or her functions, who has not been appointed as a maintenance investigator in terms of this Act and who— (a) performs any function entrusted to a maintenance investigator under any law; or (b) pretends to be or makes use of any name, title or addition or description creating the impression that he or she is a maintenance investigator or is recognised by law as such, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years.’’. Substitution of section 41 of Act 99 of 1998
- The following section is hereby substituted for section 41 of the principal Act:
‘‘Conversion of criminal proceedings into maintenance enquiry- If during the course of any proceedings in a magistrate’s court in
respect of— (a) an offence referred to in section 31(1); or (b) the enforcement of any sentence suspended on condition that the convicted person make periodical payments of sums of money towards the maintenance of any other person, it appears [to the court] on good cause shown that it is desirable that a maintenance enquiry be held, [or when the public prosecutor so requests, the court shall] the court may, of its own accord or at the request of the public prosecutor, convert the proceedings into such enquiry.’’.