maintenance orders, child maintenance, child support, maintenance defaulters, Cape Town, South Africa

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maintenance orders, child maintenance, child support, maintenance defaulters, Cape Town, South Africa

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The plight and fight of unmarried fathers in obtaining primary care (custody) of their children in South Africa. Can the battle be won, and what are their rights?

By Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf (LL.B LL.M) There is a common misconception that if a child was born out of wedlock, only the mother can be the primary caregiver of the child concerned. This may however generally be the case. However, it is presumed by some that if a mother cared for the child since his or her birth, the father would not be able to be the child’s primary caregiver. In other words, the child would no longer live with the mother, but with the father. We do not blame our clients for thinking so. That is the stereotype. However, as the world changes, so does the law. We are often approached by fathers who have a child that was born out of wedlock. He and the mother most probably lived together when the child was born. But things did not work out between them. The mother moved out and lived with her parents or on her own. The father would then regularly have contact with the child. The type of contact would be decided by the mother. Now the question is, even if the child is 10 years old, is it theoretically possible for the child to be cared for by the father and live with him primarily? The answer to that is yes. This is so, as the law looks at what is best for the child concerned.

What is the best interests of the child principle when it comes to parenting?

Both the South African Constitution and the Children’s Act, says that the child’s best interests are given priority. In other words, a child’s best interests are of paramount importance in matters relating to it. Therefore, for one to assume at the outset, that only mothers are the best primary caregivers, it is not only incorrect but potentially dangerous when dealing in children matters. The law expects us to look at all factors, not only who historically looked after the child, but also, the possibility of whether the father can better care for the child go forward. Also, as the child’s best interests are of paramount importance, deciding as to whether or not to move a child from the primary care of a mother to that of the father should not be done lightly. Therefore, even if the father 10 years later, can on the face of it care better for the child than the mother, this should not be the deciding factor. One would need to look at the emotional and psychological impact it would have on the child as well.

What would be an ideal situation where moving the child from the mother to the father would be warranted?

In our view, material comforts are not reason enough to move a child from the primary care of a mother to that of a father. If the father is a wealthy person, and the mother not, he can be ordered to pay more child support towards the child’s expenses. However, if the child is of a certain age, and he needs to have certain living conditions, and the father has it, then that would be a possible factor. For example, if the child is a gifted swimmer, 17 years old and in matric, a need to train consistently, then it makes sense that the father’s living amenities may be an important factor to justify the movement of the child.

Drug Abuse, Alcohol Abuse, and Mental Illness. Are these factors?

Then there is the obvious reason to move the child from the primary care of the mother to that of the father. This would be because the mother is incapable of caring for the minor child. She may have developed a mental illness, become an uncontrollable alcoholic, or addicted to illegal drugs. However, this alone does not automatically call for the father to be the minor child’s primary caregiver. It must first be determined that he can in fact care for the child. If the father only had supervised contact with the minor child and has his own issues, then in such a case, it may be better if the child is placed in foster care.

So it all depends on the facts and circumstances of the child and parents?

What we are attempting to demonstrate above is that depending on the facts and circumstances, it may be best that a child is moved from the care of a mother who cared for the child since birth, and be placed in the care of the father. The circumstances do not necessarily have to be serious like alcoholism a drug abuse on the part of the mother. Other reasons could be the academic needs, or the preference of the child, depending on his or her age. What can a father do if he wants to have primary care of his 10-year-old child? As stated above, the law looks at what is best for the child when it comes to who is to be the primary caregiver. It is just not there for the taking. If the parents can agree to a change of primary care, then the law would in most instances respect such a decision. However, if they cannot agree, the father would have to approach the competent court. But before doing so, he should attempt to mediate the matter.

What about the Child Care expert’s recommendations (Social worker, psychologist, Office of the Family Advocate)?

If mediation fails, and the matter proceeds to court, the court may decide to call on child care experts to assist the court in the matter. A social worker, psychologist, or the office of the family advocate may be appointed to provide a report and recommendations to the court. The court would only be guided by this document. In other words, the court would not be bound by the recommendations of the experts. If the court determines based on all the facts of the matter, that it would be in the minor child’s best interests for the father to have primary care; the court would then so order it. Therefore, in answering the question posed above; yes, an unmarried father in South Africa can obtain full custody of a 10-year-old child. This depends on the facts of the matter of course. Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, Advocate of the High Court of South Africa Member of the Legal Practice Council We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws    
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Custody cases South Africa

Our law offices are situated in the heart of the CBD in a professional, safe settings. We are family legal experts when it comes to handling child custody, divorce and child maintenance legal matters. Throughout our years of experience, we have found that the legal rules for child custody tends to favor the mother, unless the mother happened to be unstable. [caption id="attachment_4243" align="alignleft" width="300"] Call: 0211110090
Email: [email protected][/caption] As time passed, the rules have changed and in turn, accommodates for the rights of fathers as well. With different circumstances constantly arising in custody battles; the law have had to adapt under these changing priorities as well. Today, fathers are more aware of their legal rights and make it their duty to educate themselves about their rights. Our Lawyer Pty Ltd is a professional legal consultancy that offers legal services and to cater for the layman, we have managed to compile a range of child custody legal articles with expert legal advice. Simply click on the links below: Feel free to call our law offices today and have our friendly receptionist make an online appointment for you. Are you residing out of Cape Town? No problem Simply make use of national number on 087 701 1124 today.

Child custody for fathers

As previously mentioned, child custody rights are usually awarded to the father if the mother happens to be an alcoholic or substance abuser. Times however, have proven that there’s no hard and fast rule when it comes to awarding custody rights. The court will decide within the best interest of the child whilst the Children’s Act will be used as a guideline by legal experts on the way forward. [caption id="attachment_4241" align="alignleft" width="300"] Call us on 0211110090
Email: [email protected][/caption] At the end of the day, the relationship between the parents plays a crucial role as both parents will need to reach a mutual agreement. A parenting plan is a common way of helping the estranged parents find a common ground. This agreement can be changed along the way as the circumstances or nature of the situation changes. Father however, should have equal access to their child and should be able to have visitation rights as well.

Parental rights in South Africa

The court can grant an order that can limit parental responsibilities and rights, depending on the nature or circumstance of the matter of course. However, when the court does make these changes, they will consider what’s in the child’s best interests. [caption id="attachment_4268" align="alignleft" width="300"] Call us on: 0211110090
Email: [email protected][/caption] When terminating parental responsibilities and rights, the court will:
  • What is best for the child rather than parents
  • The relationship between the child and guardian
  • The dedication the guardian has shown to taking care of the child and
  • Other factors that may be relevant to the court.
For more on your parental rights and child custody legal advice, call our law offices today and have an online appointment made for you for a professional legal consultation. Connect with us today!
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Top tips and tricks from a Senior Family Law Advocate on claiming maintenance for a five-year-old child in Port Nolloth.

Child Maintenance is the right of the child, and not that of the parent. It is also not a privilege granted to parents who must pay it. It is their duty to pay child maintenance and support their children. Once the child is self-supporting (being able to care for him or herself), the obligation falls away. This can happen when the child is 18, 20, or even 30. It all depends on the circumstances of the case.

Claiming child maintenance for your child in Port Nolloth

Whether you claim child maintenance in Port Nolloth, or any other city in South Africa, the procedures would be the same. There are however two (2) courts that can deal with child maintenance matters. That is a divorce court, in a divorce matter, and a Child Maintenance Court. For this article, we will focus on claiming maintenance in a Maintenance Court matter in Port Nolloth.

The maintenance scenario – Port Nolloth South Africa

In this article, we will deal with the following fictitious scenario, in a child maintenance matter:

  1. The Child is seven years old and attends school in Port Nolloth
  2. The child is cared for by the mother who works in Port Nolloth
  3. The mother works and earns a Salary of R 10 000
  4. The father sees the child every second weekend. He also lives and works in Port Nolloth
  5. The child’s monthly expenses are R 6000 – 00 which includes food, clothing, accommodation, education, travel etc.
  6. The father earns a reasonable salary and can afford the R 20 000 – 00 per month
  7. The mother claims R 4 000 – 00 maintenance as the father earns double her salary

What is the first step the mother must take in claiming child maintenance?

The first thing the mother must do is work out exactly what the child costs by item. She breaks down the minor child’s living expenses, starting from rent or accommodation to groceries to school fees etc. Once she has done that, she would need to determine what exactly does the minor child cost per month, seeing that she will be asking the father to contribute towards that. As best as possible, she needs to collect proof of expenses. This can be in the form of receipts.

How does she start the legal process?

The mother now needs to approach the maintenance court in the area where she lives or works to lodge a complaint for child maintenance. If she lives or works in Port Nolloth, it would be the maintenance court in Port Nolloth. She will complete a Form A wherein she will provide all the expenses for her and the minor child. She would also have to stipulate her income. Once she completed the form and submitted it to the maintenance court, she must then follow the next step.

What do you do while waiting for the maintenance court date?

While you wait to be informed of the court date by the Maintenance Court of Port Nolloth, and up until the actual first court date, you need to ensure that you keep a record of all income and expenses for you and the child. This is very important as the court allocates maintenance based on recent income and expenses.

What happens at the first court appearance at the Port Nolloth Maintenance Court?

Once you have been notified of the maintenance court date by the Port Nolloth Maintenance Court, you need to ensure that you attend it. On that day, both you and the father of the child would appear before a maintenance officer. The maintenance officer would go through both your income and expenses as well as that of the father. If all the relevant information is not before the maintenance court, then the matter may be postponed in order for the parties to submit it.

The maintenance officer will try to settle the matter and have the parents come to an agreement regarding the amount of child maintenance to be paid. If they cannot come to an agreement regarding the child maintenance to be paid, the matter would have to proceed to a formal hearing or trial before a Magistrate.

How does the Maintenance Court hearing or trial work in Port Nolloth?

Essentially, the maintenance court is called upon to make a fair ruling regarding what is a fair amount of child support that needs to be paid. For that to happen, the parents would have to give evidence in that regard. The mother would present to the court what the child costs, what she contributes and what she requires the other parent to pay. The Father would have a right to question the mother and to present evidence as to why he cannot afford the amount requested or why he feels it is an unfair amount. The mother can they also question him.

At the end of the day, the Port Nolloth Maintenance Court would be able to properly determine what is a fair and adequate amount of child maintenance to pay after being presented will all relevant information. The Port Nolloth Maintenance Court should play an active role in determining what is a fair amount of child maintenance the father should pay.

The above child maintenance application principles should apply to the following provinces and cities:

Eastern Cape:

Alice, Butterworth, East London, Graaff-Reinet, Grahamstown, King William’s Town, Mthatha

Port Elizabeth, Queenstown, Uitenhage, Zwelitsha

Free State:

Bethlehem. Bloemfontein, Jagersfontein, Kroonstad, Odendaalsrus, Parys, Phuthaditjhaba, Sasolburg, Virginia, Welkom

Gauteng:

Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Carletonville, Germiston, Johannesburg, Krugersdorp, Pretoria, Randburg, Randfontein, Roodepoort, Soweto, Springs, Vanderbijlpark, Vereeniging

KwaZulu-Natal:

Durban, Empangeni, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Pietermaritzburg, Pinetown, Ulundi, Umlazi

Limpopo:

Giyani, Lebowakgomo, Musina, Phalaborwa, Polokwane, Seshego, Sibasa, Thabazimbi

Mpumalanga:

Emalahleni, Nelspruit, Secunda, North West, Klerksdorp, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Potchefstroom, Rustenburg, Northern Cape, Kimberley, Kuruman, Port Nolloth

Western Cape:

Bellville, Port Nolloth, Constantia, George, Hopefield, Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Simon’s Town, Stellenbosch, Swellendam, Worcester

 

 

 

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