Questions parents ask in child custody disputes. What are some of the difficulties parents face when dealing with child custody issues and problems?

When parents have issues and difficulties regarding their parental responsibilities and rights, they often go online for answers. These issues can relate to contact rights or guardianship issues. One parent may want to have more contact, and the other parent refuses such a request. Or a parent wants to relocate with a minor child, and the other parent refuses guardianship consent. Whatever the issues are, they need to be resolved in the child’s best interests. Read on for some interesting questions parents ask online.

Does the abuse of alcohol affect the outcome of a child custody case?

Abusing alcohol is very dangerous. Not only for you but for your relationship and parenting as well. If a parent abuses alcohol in the presence of a child, then the child is in danger, or at the very least, in a potential neglectful situation. If both parents abuse alcohol, then the case is much more serious and social welfare needs to get involved. On the issue of a child custody case, the abuse of alcohol is material and would play a huge role in the outcome of the case. The extent could be that custody is revoked.

What can you not say in a child custody mediation process?

You can say whatever you wish to say. However irrelevant information is discouraged. At the end of the day, you should assist the court with relevant information that would be of use to the mediation process. Sometimes bringing up the past and old issues would not be of much use to your mediation case. Badmouthing and trying your utmost to put the other parent in a bad light could be extremely damaging to your case. Focus on what is important on moving forward.

What evidence can you use in a custody case?

In a child custody case, the court needs to know that all relevant information was placed before it. This is so as the court would then be able to make a fair decision. You can use any evidence to prove your case. However, the evidence must be relevant. Dealing with the past or unresolved personal issues won’t be of much use to the court. Focus on the child and how either parent would best be able to care for the child.

How do you write a letter to a judge for child custody?

The courts have their own set of rules and procedure. Court procedures are usually commenced with a Founding Affidavit, followed by an Answering Affidavit, and then a Replying Affidavit. After you provided information via affidavit, you would give a copy to the other party. Letters can be provided, but it should be attached to an affidavit as an annexure.

Why do fathers walk away after a divorce?

Many marriages are stressful and the divorce is the final chapter. Not all fathers walk away after a divorce. If they do, it may be because they want nothing to do with the ex-wife. If there are children involved, then there would be a limited relationship with the mother. For example, should she have custody, then you may have to pay her child support and so on. Sometimes, the least contact you can have with your former spouse the better. Especially if the marriage was riddled with domestic violence.

What are the chances of a father getting full custody in South Africa?

The chances are high if he can prove that it would be in the child’s best interest. It does not mean that you are the father that you are entitled to have full custody. Some fathers never formed part of a child’s life and all of a sudden wants full custody. That does not make sense. The child does not even know the man. Under those circumstances, phased in contact should first take place.

What to do if your ex-partner or lover won’t let you see your child?

There may be good grounds why an ex-husband or spouse won’t let you see the child. One could be that the child does not know you, or you are a danger to the child. However, unless there is good grounds to refuse you contact to your child, such contact must take place. The type and duration of the contact may be in dispute. And the mother may set down the terms. If you are not happy with the refusal or the terms, you would need to approach the Children’s Court or the High Court.

What can I do if the mother keeps a child from the father?

For a mother to keep a child away from a father, she would need to have good grounds. For example, the child is being neglected by the other parent or is in danger. The father needs to approach the Children’s Court or the High Court. If the child does not know the father at all, and the father is a drug addict, then it may make sense to keep the child away from the father. Each case is different. At the end of the day, parents must do what is best for the child.

Who owns the child? The father or the mother?

No one owns the child. However, both parents have a legal obligation to care for the child. A court may grant one parent more rights over the child than the other. For example, one parent would care for the child during the week, and the other parent only on weekends. A court may also limit guardianship rights. For example, allowing only one parent to consent when it comes to a child’s school, passport application or travelling overseas.

Who has more parental rights?

Usually, both parents would have equal parental rights. However, a court can limit a parent’s parental rights. If the parents cannot agree on how to care for a child, a court can step in and limit certain parental rights if it deems so necessary. This it would do if it believes that it would be in the child’s best interest. For example, a parent cannot collect a child on weekends because the child is neglected when in that parent’s care.

How does child support work if the mother has no job?

If the mother does not have a job, then the father would have to support the child according to his means. However, in deciding what amount the father should pay, various factors have to be looked at. One needs to look at his income, expenses, assets and liabilities.

Can a father take a newborn child away from the mother?

He can if it would be in the child’s best interest. Usually, a newborn would be best cared for by the mother. However, if the mother is a big drug addict, or a drunkard and unable to care for the child, it may be ordered that the father care for the child.

Can a mother lose custody for cheating in South Africa?

Cheating and being able to care for a child are two separate issues. However, if the cheating affects her ability to care for the child, then it could affect her chances of retaining custody. For example, she is out whole night with different people.

At what age can the father take the baby?

It is always best for a child to be cared for by his or her mother once he or she is born. Mothers have a beneficial bond with the child after birth and would be able to provide the child with breastmilk and so on. Under certain circumstances, it may be best that the father cares for a child soon after birth. And in other cases, much later. A father can take custody at any age. Generally, the older the child, the easier it would be. At the end of the day, when deciding when a child should be taken care of by the father, the child’s best interests needs to be upheld.

How can a father win a child custody case in Cape Town?

A father can win a child custody case in Cape Town or any city in South Africa if he can prove that it would be best for the child to be in his care. There need to be facts to support a successful custody application. The father should be able to prove that he can care for the child better than the mother and that it would be best for there to be a change in custody arrangements. Earning more, or having a better car or home is not necessarily deciding factors when it comes to winning a child custody case.

What is considered an unfit home?

An unfit home is a home where a child is in danger or neglected. For example, there is alcohol laying around or a balcony where the child can easily fall from. Our law expects all parents to be the best parents they can be for the child. Not all homes are the same in South Africa. A fit home for one set of children may not be a fit home for another set of children. At the end of the day, as long as parents try their best to keep their children safe, that should be adequate to call a fit home.

How do I find an unfit parent?

Not all parents are fit parents. However, they are the parents of the child and need to care for him or her. Parents should try to become the best parents they can be for their child. As time evolves, they will become better and fitter at it. You may speak to social workers in your area who can advise you where to find an unfit parent.

How do you Co-parent with a toxic ex-partner or spouse?

Before a couple had a child, they would usually communicate well with each other. This would continue after the child is born until when the couple separates. At this point, the level of communication they had previously no longer exists. This is when their relationship could become toxic, or at least so for one of the parents. At this point, a child needs both parents to communicate well with each other. This is not only in the child’s best interests, but also would benefit the parents. It would be best to see a family counsellor with your ex to assist in co-parenting if this problem persists.  

Questions parents ask in child custody disputes. What are some of the difficulties parents face when dealing with child custody issues and problems?

When parents have issues and difficulties regarding their parental responsibilities and rights, they often go online for answers. These issues can relate to contact rights or guardianship issues. One parent may want to have more contact, and the other parent refuses such a request. Or a parent wants to relocate with a minor child, and the other parent refuses guardianship consent. Whatever the issues are, they need to be resolved in the child’s best interests. Read on for some interesting questions parents ask online.

Does the abuse of alcohol affect the outcome of a child custody case?

Abusing alcohol is very dangerous. Not only for you but for your relationship and parenting as well. If a parent abuses alcohol in the presence of a child, then the child is in danger, or at the very least, in a potential neglectful situation. If both parents abuse alcohol, then the case is much more serious and social welfare needs to get involved. On the issue of a child custody case, the abuse of alcohol is material and would play a huge role in the outcome of the case. The extent could be that custody is revoked.

What can you not say in a child custody mediation process?

You can say whatever you wish to say. However irrelevant information is discouraged. At the end of the day, you should assist the court with relevant information that would be of use to the mediation process. Sometimes bringing up the past and old issues would not be of much use to your mediation case. Badmouthing and trying your utmost to put the other parent in a bad light could be extremely damaging to your case. Focus on what is important on moving forward.

What evidence can you use in a custody case?

In a child custody case, the court needs to know that all relevant information was placed before it. This is so as the court would then be able to make a fair decision. You can use any evidence to prove your case. However, the evidence must be relevant. Dealing with the past or unresolved personal issues won’t be of much use to the court. Focus on the child and how either parent would best be able to care for the child.

How do you write a letter to a judge for child custody?

The courts have their own set of rules and procedure. Court procedures are usually commenced with a Founding Affidavit, followed by an Answering Affidavit, and then a Replying Affidavit. After you provided information via affidavit, you would give a copy to the other party. Letters can be provided, but it should be attached to an affidavit as an annexure.

Why do fathers walk away after a divorce?

Many marriages are stressful and the divorce is the final chapter. Not all fathers walk away after a divorce. If they do, it may be because they want nothing to do with the ex-wife. If there are children involved, then there would be a limited relationship with the mother. For example, should she have custody, then you may have to pay her child support and so on. Sometimes, the least contact you can have with your former spouse the better. Especially if the marriage was riddled with domestic violence.

What are the chances of a father getting full custody in South Africa?

The chances are high if he can prove that it would be in the child’s best interest. It does not mean that you are the father that you are entitled to have full custody. Some fathers never formed part of a child’s life and all of a sudden wants full custody. That does not make sense. The child does not even know the man. Under those circumstances, phased in contact should first take place.

What to do if your ex-partner or lover won’t let you see your child?

There may be good grounds why an ex-husband or spouse won’t let you see the child. One could be that the child does not know you, or you are a danger to the child. However, unless there is good grounds to refuse you contact to your child, such contact must take place. The type and duration of the contact may be in dispute. And the mother may set down the terms. If you are not happy with the refusal or the terms, you would need to approach the Children’s Court or the High Court.

What can I do if the mother keeps a child from the father?

For a mother to keep a child away from a father, she would need to have good grounds. For example, the child is being neglected by the other parent or is in danger. The father needs to approach the Children’s Court or the High Court.

If the child does not know the father at all, and the father is a drug addict, then it may make sense to keep the child away from the father. Each case is different. At the end of the day, parents must do what is best for the child.

Who owns the child? The father or the mother?

No one owns the child. However, both parents have a legal obligation to care for the child. A court may grant one parent more rights over the child than the other. For example, one parent would care for the child during the week, and the other parent only on weekends. A court may also limit guardianship rights. For example, allowing only one parent to consent when it comes to a child’s school, passport application or travelling overseas.

Who has more parental rights?

Usually, both parents would have equal parental rights. However, a court can limit a parent’s parental rights. If the parents cannot agree on how to care for a child, a court can step in and limit certain parental rights if it deems so necessary. This it would do if it believes that it would be in the child’s best interest. For example, a parent cannot collect a child on weekends because the child is neglected when in that parent’s care.

How does child support work if the mother has no job?

If the mother does not have a job, then the father would have to support the child according to his means. However, in deciding what amount the father should pay, various factors have to be looked at. One needs to look at his income, expenses, assets and liabilities.

Can a father take a newborn child away from the mother?

He can if it would be in the child’s best interest. Usually, a newborn would be best cared for by the mother. However, if the mother is a big drug addict, or a drunkard and unable to care for the child, it may be ordered that the father care for the child.

Can a mother lose custody for cheating in South Africa?

Cheating and being able to care for a child are two separate issues. However, if the cheating affects her ability to care for the child, then it could affect her chances of retaining custody. For example, she is out whole night with different people.

At what age can the father take the baby?

It is always best for a child to be cared for by his or her mother once he or she is born. Mothers have a beneficial bond with the child after birth and would be able to provide the child with breastmilk and so on. Under certain circumstances, it may be best that the father cares for a child soon after birth. And in other cases, much later. A father can take custody at any age. Generally, the older the child, the easier it would be. At the end of the day, when deciding when a child should be taken care of by the father, the child’s best interests needs to be upheld.

How can a father win a child custody case in Cape Town?

A father can win a child custody case in Cape Town or any city in South Africa if he can prove that it would be best for the child to be in his care. There need to be facts to support a successful custody application. The father should be able to prove that he can care for the child better than the mother and that it would be best for there to be a change in custody arrangements. Earning more, or having a better car or home is not necessarily deciding factors when it comes to winning a child custody case.

What is considered an unfit home?

An unfit home is a home where a child is in danger or neglected. For example, there is alcohol laying around or a balcony where the child can easily fall from. Our law expects all parents to be the best parents they can be for the child. Not all homes are the same in South Africa. A fit home for one set of children may not be a fit home for another set of children. At the end of the day, as long as parents try their best to keep their children safe, that should be adequate to call a fit home.

How do I find an unfit parent?

Not all parents are fit parents. However, they are the parents of the child and need to care for him or her. Parents should try to become the best parents they can be for their child. As time evolves, they will become better and fitter at it. You may speak to social workers in your area who can advise you where to find an unfit parent.

How do you Co-parent with a toxic ex-partner or spouse?

Before a couple had a child, they would usually communicate well with each other. This would continue after the child is born until when the couple separates. At this point, the level of communication they had previously no longer exists. This is when their relationship could become toxic, or at least so for one of the parents.

At this point, a child needs both parents to communicate well with each other. This is not only in the child’s best interests, but also would benefit the parents. It would be best to see a family counsellor with your ex to assist in co-parenting if this problem persists.

 

Related Post

Most family law matters come with heightened emotions and stress. It, however, does not always have to be that way. Staying focused and rational is important to get the best results.

Many legal practitioners will tell you, the one aspect of family law, that differentiates it from other branches of law, is the emotions that come with it. It would often happen that a client breaks down, or sheds a tear in your office. This is understandable, as family law issues have a lot of history behind it. Even simpler family law legal matters, for example, the terms of an antenuptial contract, can stir emotion.

Types of family law matters that cause heightened emotions and anxiety

Before we delve into this topic, let us first bring things into perspective. These are some of the family law matters we are referring to:
  • Divorces (Contested or Undefended);
  • Domestic Violence matters;
  • Child maintenance disputes; and
  • Child custody disputes.
The actual list is more extensive. You may even want to consider including last wills and testaments and winding up of deceased estates. As can be seen from the types of matters mentioned, there are always children involved or personal relationships. Some of these relationships have lasted for decades. We often see people who were married for more than 30 years, getting divorced. And in other cases, the relationship, albeit personal, could have been for a very short while, but still, elicit a lot of emotions. For example, a domestic violence family legal matter.

The personal nature of family matters makes it harder to deal with

One of the challenges for a legal practitioner is to try to convince the client that he or she should trust the law, and not focus too much on the other party. For example, in a divorce matter, where a spouse has been abused. The abused spouse would sometimes agree to sign away everything just to get divorced speedily. This is not only unfair but could lead to many issues in the future. This situation must be avoided at all costs.

Intimidation in abusive relationships

Then we have the challenge in a domestic violence matter. A party who has been abused would agree on withdrawing an application for a protection order, even though it is dangerous to do so. Or there is the situation where a party would agree that a protection order is issued against them due to being intimidated either by the other party, or his or her lawyer. This they do not do because of having committed domestic violence, but just to get the matter over and done with. The consequence of that is the applying party would have an interdict and a warrant of arrest against you which may be abused.

Intimidation in child maintenance or alimony cases

We cannot count the number of times we have been told that the reason why a parent does not want to approach the maintenance court, is due to being told by the other parent that he or she will get much less than what they are receiving. This is emotional abuse and not in the child’s best interest. One reason for believing the abuser is due to the relationship the parties had. The abuser was controlling and abusive during the relationship, and the victim has been brainwashed into believing everything the abuser says.

What people must understand in family legal matters?

Although it is understandable for someone to be anxious when dealing with family law related matters, it is important to note that issues need to be dealt with properly. If your spouse was abusive during your relationship, that does not mean it has to continue after your relationship ended. There are laws in place to protect people from abuse and violence. For example, the Domestic Violence Act. If you make use of the law, you would have a better chance of getting the legal results you want. Go to the Police if necessary.

Final words to people who are intimidated by, or is afraid of the other party

Although it is easier said than done, we implore people not to be bullied when it comes to family law matters. This includes being intimidated by the other party, or his or her lawyer. If you have rights; enforce them. Believe in yourself and your cause and others will learn to respect it. Many cases are won by unrepresented litigants who were up against a team of lawyers. Moreover, no one has the right to belittle you or deny you of your rights. Take a stand and fight for what is right. We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws    

Family Law Service – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Finding the best lawyer for you.

Choosing the right law firm (Attorney or Advocate) can be a daunting task in the intricate landscape of legal matters. Whether you’re facing a complex litigation case, navigating corporate law, or seeking legal assistance for personal issues, the decision of which law firm to engage is crucial. At the firm Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, we understand the significance of this decision, and we aim to demonstrate why choosing our firm can make all the difference.

Expertise and Specialisation

One of the primary reasons for choosing our law firm is our expertise and specialisation in diverse legal areas. As you can see from this website, advocate Muhammad Abduroaf practices in various fields of law. This breadth of expertise ensures that no matter the nature of your legal issue, you will have access to knowledgeable and experienced professionals who can provide tailored solutions.

Personalised Approach

We recognise that every client and every case is unique. That’s why we prioritise a personalised approach to legal representation. From the moment you engage our services, we take the time to understand your specific needs, concerns, and objectives. This allows us to develop strategies and solutions customised to your circumstances, ensuring the best possible outcome for your case.

Commitment to Excellence

At Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, excellence is not just a goal – it’s our standard. We are committed to providing our clients with the highest quality legal services, characterized by thorough research, meticulous attention to detail, and strategic thinking. Our track record of success speaks for itself, with numerous satisfied clients who have benefited from our dedication to excellence.

Responsive and Accessible

Legal matters can be stressful and overwhelming, so we prioritise responsiveness and accessibility. Our team is readily available to address your questions, concerns, and needs throughout your case. Whether you prefer to communicate via phone, WhatsApp, email, or in-person meetings, we are here to provide you with the support and guidance you need when you need it.

Cost-Effective Solutions

Legal representation shouldn’t break the bank. That’s why we are committed to providing cost-effective solutions that deliver value for our clients. We offer transparent billing practices and strive to minimise unnecessary expenses wherever possible, ensuring you receive top-notch legal services without the hefty price tag.

Ethical and Professional Conduct

Integrity and ethics are at the core of everything we do. Our team adheres to the highest standards of professional conduct, ensuring your case is handled with the utmost integrity, honesty, and discretion. You can trust that your legal matters will be handled with care and respect, and your confidentiality will always be protected. In conclusion, choosing the right law firm can significantly impact the outcome of your legal matters. At Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf, we offer expertise, specialisation, personalised service, commitment to excellence, responsiveness, cost-effective solutions, and ethical conduct. These qualities set us apart and make us the ideal choice for clients seeking top-notch legal representation. Contact us today to learn how we can assist you with your legal needs. If you require an Advocate Law Firm to assist you in your legal matter, feel free to contact us using the following details:
    • Tel.: 021 111 0090
    • Email.: [email protected]
We service clients throughout South Africa. These include: Cape Town Rustenburg Kimberley East London Nelspruit Polokwane Pietermaritzburg Bloemfontein Port Elizabeth Pretoria Durban Johannesburg

What all South African expatriates (expats) should know when it comes to family law matters connected to their homeland – Divorce – Custody – Maintenance

In most countries around the world, you would find South African expatriates. They are either living in another country due to work, or other family responsibilities. Whatever the reason being for living abroad, they still consider themselves South Africans, and South Africa is their home. When someone leaves South Africa to work in another country, he or she may still have a very strong connection with South Africa from a family legal point of view. He or she may have children or a spouse still living in South Africa.  Due to the connection to South Africa, various legal issues may arise. One of those issues could possibly be wanting to divorce the spouse living in South Africa or to have more visitation or access rights to the child living in South Africa. Then there is the possibility of wishing to claim maintenance from a spouse living in South Africa while the child is living abroad with the expatriate parent.

The scope of this article in relation to South African expatriates

This article will deal with three important legal aspects, the first is that of a divorce, the second is that of child custody or guardianship disputes, and the third is that of claiming maintenance from a parent in South Africa.

Knowing your rights and the law when it comes to marriage, children and divorce

Not all expatriates of South Africa know their rights in relation to family law relevant to South Africa. He or she may not know how to divorce a spouse living in South Africa or how to claim maintenance from a parent who still lives in South Africa.  The South African expatriate may then decide not to do anything and wait until he or she returns to South Africa. This may be fine if it only relates to the issue of a divorce. But it may be problematic should it relate to issues regarding child contact and child maintenance.

Family legal issues for South African expatriates

If the spouse who expatriates to a distant country wishes to marry someone else there while still being married to somebody in South Africa, such a second marriage cannot take place. The obvious reason for that is that he or she is still married to somebody in South Africa. Therefore, he or she needs to look into the possibility of getting divorced from the spouse living in South Africa while he or she is still an expatriate in a different country.

Divorcing someone living in South Africa while you are living abroad

For a South African Court to divorce a couple, it has to have jurisdiction over the matter or one of the spouses. Not to complicate matters, basically one of the spouses has to be living in its area of jurisdiction for the divorce court to divorce a couple.  Therefore, notwithstanding a spouse living abroad, he or she may still Institute divorce proceedings if the other spouse lives in South Africa. The opposite also applies. For example, if a spouse lives in South Africa and wishes to divorce his or her spouse who lives abroad, the divorce court in South Africa can still divorce the couple.

Uncontested divorces are best when it comes to expatriates

It would be advisable that the parties agree on getting divorced before instituting divorce proceedings. The reason for saying so is that if the divorce becomes contested and both parties are living in different countries, things can become messy for both, and very expensive for the expatriate. However, if the parties cannot come to an agreement regarding the divorce, one of them have to institute divorce proceedings. As stated, such proceedings may be instituted in South Africa notwithstanding the other spouse living abroad.

The edictal citation for international divorces

If a spouse who lives in South Africa wishes to Institute divorce proceedings against a spouse living abroad, he or she will have to approach the divorce court first for consent to serve the documentation on the other spouse through a process called edictal citation. In other words, the court documents would have to be served in a manner other than the usual manner of serving legal documents. That is through the South African Sheriff. For expatriates, the court may order that the document may be served via email or through an attorney or sheriff in the foreign country.  Now we can move on to the issue of child custody and guardianship disputes.

Child custody and guardianship disputes where expatriates are involved

Child custody and guardianship disputes where one of the parents are expatriates of South Africa often occurs when one of the parents would leave South Africa for work.  Should there be a parent who wishes to leave on his or her own to work overseas; no consent would be required from the other parent to do so.

Consent for relocation of minor children

However, should a parent wish to relocate to another country or visit another country and take the minor child with temporarily for a year or two while he or she is working there, then under those circumstances, the consent of the other parent is required. This would be the case if both parents are holders of parental rights and responsibilities of guardianship over the minor child. In such a case both parents have to consent for the removal of the minor child from the Republic of South Africa. The same applies to an application for a passport for the minor child. If the father does not have guardianship rights, then his consent would not be required.

Consent for passport Applications for minor children

Although a minor child has a right to a passport as entrenched in our Constitution, if an application is made for the minor child’s passport, both parents who have parental rights and responsibilities of guardianship over the minor child has to consent to such an application. If a parent is an expatriate in another country and he or she now wishes to have the minor child travel with him or her to his or her country of work, and the other parent does not wish to give consent for such travel,  then an application would have to be made to the court for the necessary consent. Such an application can still be made while the one parent is living abroad and the minor child is living in South Africa. Communications between the parent living abroad and the lawyers assisting that parent in South Africa can be done via email telephone or video conferencing. At the end of the day, the court will decide whether or not to send the minor child to the country where the expatriate resides based on whether or not it is in the minor child’s best interest.

Child maintenance claims by expatriates

It often happens that only one parent moves abroad with the minor child and the other parent remains in South Africa. With the current cost of living, a parent may find it hard to survive abroad without financial support from the other parent. If the parent living in South Africa does not want to contribute a reasonable sum of child maintenance, then the expatriated parent may approach the relevant authorities in the country to start the legal process of claiming maintenance from the parent in South Africa.

Reciprocal enforcement agreements between countries (the REMO Act)

South Africa is a signatory to international agreements with various other countries. In terms of these agreements, countries would work together in enforcing maintenance orders in foreign countries. The relevant legislation in South Africa is the Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders Act (the REMO Act).  This act is applied in South Africa should an expatriate wish to claim maintenance from a parent living in South Africa. The opposite also applies. Should a parent living in South Africa wish to claim maintenance from a parent living abroad in one of the signatory countries, he or she would make use of the REMO Act. A list of the proclaimed countries or territories are as follows:
  • Australia
Capital Territory – New South Wales – Northern Territory – State of Queensland South Australia – Tasmania – State of Victoria – Western Australia
  • Botswana
  • Canada
Alberta – British Columbia – Province of Manitoba – North West Territories – Province of Ontario
  • Cocoa (Keeling) Islands
  • Cyprus
  • Fiji
  • Germany
  • Guernsey (Bailiwick of)
  • Hong Kong
  • Isle of Jersey
  • Isle of Man
  • Kenya
  • Lesotho
  • Malawi
  • Mauritius
  • Namibia
  • New Zealand
  • Nigeria
  • Norfolk Island
  • Sarawak
  • Singapore
  • St Helena
  • Swaziland
  • United Kingdom
England – Northern Ireland – Scotland – Wales
  • United States of America
California – Florida
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe
https://www.justice.gov.za/ilr/intmnt.html Are you an expatriate of South Africa and require advice or assistance on any of the issues mentioned above? Get in contact with us. We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links:
Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws    

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