Parental consent for a minor child’s enrolment into a school – What can you do if co-guardianship consent is refused?

Children have a right to a decent education—one which would benefit them in life. Every caring parent wants to give their child the best education possible according to their specific circumstances and station in life. Not all parents earn the same amount of money or have access the best type of education. However, most parents will do their best, which the law and society expect of all parents. In doing so, they ensure that their child has the best opportunities in life.

Parents co-operating in educating their minor children

It is vitally important for parents to co-operate when it comes to their minor child’s education. This relates to the enrollment into a school, the paying of school fees, transportation, parent involvement, homework, etc. If one parent does not wish to be involved in the child’s education, they should not hinder or obstruct the other parent from attending to the minor child’s education. For example, if the primary caregiver wants to enrol the minor child into a school, the other parent should co-operate in signing the necessary documents etc. It would be gravely unfortunate if a child’s right to a reasonable education is being prejudiced because the uninterested parent does not want to co-operate.

Parents not agreeing on the school the minor child should attend

Having dealt with the critical aspect of a minor child receiving a decent education and them co-operating; parents sometimes have conflicting views on what type of education is in the minor child’s best interests. Disputes may arise as to what school the minor child should attend or the subjects they should do. Parents being unable to agree on the essential aspects of the minor child’s education can cause severe problems for the minor child’s future. The law does not expect parents to agree on all aspects of the minor child’s education. However, the disagreement should not compromise the minor child’s education. If there is an impasse, a parent must give in. The law, therefore, expects parents to agree on those important issues regarding the minor child’s education and work together on making the minor child’s educational journey as smooth as possible.

Where do most educational disputes stem from?

Most parental disputes regarding a minor child’s education arise when the parents are separated or not living together. Here the reference is made to divorced parents or parents who were in a relationship and now separated. This is unfortunate as the minor child already has to deal with having parents living in separate homes and sharing time with each parent. It is not the minor child’s fault that his or her parents are not together or have issues. An issue may be where one parent prefers a school closer to their home and the other closer to their work. Or a parent prefers the minor child to attend a school which historically excelled in sport or academia.

Issue of affordability of education

Other considerations are that of affordability or the cost of education. One parent may not be able to afford the school fees of the current or new school. These are challenges that are not easy to resolve. When it comes to money issues, it is difficult to find solutions without looking into the parents’ pocket. This also comes with its own challenges. This is so as you would have to firstly deal with the issue of what is a better school for the minor child, and then the issue of affordability, location and so on. It is easy to determine which school is in theory better than the other by ticking off boxes. However, if school fees would not be paid, the exercise may be futile, when dealing with schools outside the affordability bracket of the parents.

When does the issue of a change in schooling arise?

Most of the minor child’s educational disputes between the parents comes to play when the child has to enrol into a new school. Usually in grade R or grade 7. If the child is attending a school, parents would usually not bring up any issues until those grades have been completed (or are soon to be completed). As a primary care giver of your child, you would want to ensure that your child has a school ready to attend the following year. You would also want to ensure that the school is an ideal school, considering the fees, location, subjects they offer and so on. If you leave this issue of application and enrolment into schools too late, you may end up having to enrol your child into as school far from your home or work. It may happen that the school your child ultimately attends do not have the curriculum you want for your child.

Parental consent for enrolment into a new school

Schools require both guardians of a minor child to enrol them into a school. This is especially so if the father’s name is on the birth certificate. If the parents are separated, and either parent is uncooperative, the child may not get accepted into a school timeously or into the best-suited school for him or her. If parents have their own personal issues between the two of them, then the situation becomes worse. One parent may try to use his or her right to consent as leverage for something else. For example, he or she will only consent if her or she does not have to pay any school fees.

What do you do if parental consent is not provided?

If there is a dispute regarding the school your child should attend, and it cannot be resolved between the parents; we suggest you try to mediate the issue with an experienced mediator or family counsellor. If that does not happen because the other parent does not want to partake, or the outcome is unsatisfactory to you, then you would have to approach the Court for assistance in resolving the matter. This is unfortunate as the child is the one who would suffer as he or she would be attending the school. The Court can make an order that only one parent’s consent is required for the enrolment of the minor child into a school.

What does the Court look at when deciding on parental consent?

As always, the court always looks at what is in the minor child’s best interest when it comes to issues surrounding him or her. Therefore, when it comes to parental consent issues in relation to education, the court would have to decide what is best for the minor child. Is it best that the minor child attend school A, or School B.? Before the court so decides, it would firstly hear from both parents. It may even ask the Office of the Family Advocate to first investigate and give their recommendations.

Court overriding the parents rights

If the court orders that School B would be best, then it would order that the parent who does not support School B should provide his or her consent, failing which, his or her consent is dispensed with. This process can take very long and can become very expensive. It would have been best if the parents used their money towards the minor child’s education. At the end of the day, litigation does not serve the minor child in the long run, especially when it comes to his or her education.

Posted on 11 February 2025 by Telelaw

Parental consent for a minor child’s enrolment into a school – What can you do if co-guardianship consent is refused?

Parents co-operating in educating their minor children

Parents not agreeing on the school the minor child should attend

Where do most educational disputes stem from?

Issue of affordability of education

When does the issue of a change in schooling arise?

Parental consent for enrolment into a new school

What do you do if parental consent is not provided?

What does the Court look at when deciding on parental consent?

Court overriding the parents rights

Relocation with my minor child to Singapore, Singapore (Consent and Refusal) – Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf
The world is becoming a much smaller place, and technology plays a huge role. People are moving across the world for employment, love and happiness, something that was not the norm a few decades ago. There is no reason why you should remain in South Africa if you can find a better life for yourself and your family overseas. Moving overseas may provide you with the quality of life you want or the possibility of experiencing things you always wanted. The same applies to your child or children relocating with you. Relocation of your minor child to Singapore, Singapore If you are single and do not have any minor children, then moving around the world would not be too complicated. All you need to do is ensure that you have the necessary travel documentation and travel ticket (and spending money), and off you go. However, if you want to travel with your minor children (for example, ages nine or ten) or relocate to another country, things may not be that simple. Firstly, if there is another parent, and he or she has parental responsibilities and rights, then his or her consent is required. For example, let us say you live in East London or Jagersfontein, South Africa, and you want to relocate to Singapore, Singapore, you would require the other parent’s consent to leave South Africa with your minor child. This can cause challenges, especially if the staying parent (in South Africa) does not agree to the relocation.
What about Passport Consent to travel or relocate to Singapore, Singapore?
The same applies when it comes to your minor child applying for a South African passport to relocate to Singapore, or any country. Both parents who have parental responsibilities and rights of guardianship will have to consent to the minor child’s passport application as well. In this regard, both parents have to be at the Department of Home Affairs (or the relevant bank that also assists with passport application) when making the Application with the minor child. This can be challenging if you have a disinterested parent who does not want to cooperate with the passport application. As you will see later, legal action would need to be taken.
What are the steps to follow when I want to relocate to Singapore, Singapore with my minor child? There is another parent.
To simplify the process for relocation, the first step would be to receive the other parent’s consent in principle for the relocation and that he or she will co-operate in this regard. Once that has been resolved, the parent relocating would need to make the appointment for the minor child’s passport application as well as the application for the relevant VISA. Each country has different requirements; however, seeing that it is a relocation, you need to apply for the correct VISA. For that, you need the Passport. Once the visa and travel arrangements have been finalised, the parent remaining behind will sign a parental consent letter for the international travel. That letter can be found on the Department of Home Affairs website. Basically, the parent remaining behind would state that he or she gives consent for the minor child to leave the Republic of South Africa and travel and/or relocate to Singapore, Singapore.
What can I do if the other parent does not want to consent to the minor child’s relocation to Singapore, Singapore?
If the parent remaining in South Africa does not want to consent to the minor child’s passport application and/or his or her relocation to Singapore, Singapore, then you would need to approach the Court. The Court, as upper guardian of the minor child, may order that the parent’s consent for the passport application and relocation be dispensed with. What this entails is submitting Court documents explaining why you want to relocate to Singapore, Singapore. The other parent would also have an opportunity to give reasons why he or she objects. At the end of the process, the Court would determine what is in the minor child’s best interests. If it is in the minor child’s best interests to relocate to Singapore, Singapore, the Court would make it possible despite the issue of consent or refusal.
What is the first step I should take if the other parent does not want to consent to the minor child’s passport application and/or relocation to Singapore, Singapore?
If the other parent does not want to consent to the passport application and/or the relocation of the minor child to Singapore, Singapore – in that case, we suggest you approach an attorney or advocate (trust account) to assist you with the legal process. He or she would then contact the other parent explaining the reasons for the relocation and request the necessary consent. If the parent remaining in South Africa does still not agree to the passport application and/or to the relocation to Singapore, Singapore, then the attorney or advocate will proceed to take the matter to court. The legal route can be expensive. However, it is necessary to make the relocation of the minor child possible. You may also attend to the legal process yourself.
Getting legal assistance or help with your relocation application to Singapore, Singapore
If you require legal assistance or representation with relocating to Singapore, Singapore due to the other parent not cooperating or providing consent, then feel free to contact us for assistance. The Firm Advocate, Muhammad Abduroaf, deals with these types of matters.

Posted on 11 February 2025 by Telelaw

What do I do if I am not happy with the maintenance court judgment? Is it possible to appeal it? If yes, what are the steps and laws involved?
Child maintenance or child support is the right of every child. It is not only a legal right, but a moral duty on all parents to adequately care and provide for their children. Unfortunately, not all parents uphold their duty and responsibility to adequately maintain their offspring. This is a very sad reality. If this is the case, a parent having primary care needs to approach the Maintenance Court for a Maintenance Order against the other parent. This would force the parent neglecting his or her child to pay child support. You may also consider reading the following articles on maintenance court appeals: What do I do if I am not happy with the maintenance court’s ruling? Is it possible to appeal the decision? Successful Child Maintenance Appeal before the Full Bench Argued by Adv M Abduroaf

Options parents have when it comes to claiming and enforcing child maintenance orders

If a maintenance order has been made, and a parent against whom the order was made does not comply with its provisions, then the law would step in. A parent having primary care can follow the civil route and attach the other parent’s salary, property etc. Or the criminal route can be followed where the other parent faces possible imprisonment. However, what does a parent do, if a Maintenance Order has been granted, and he or she is not happy with it? This is what this article deals with – Appealing maintenance orders granted by the Maintenance Court. We are not dealing with Maintenance Orders that were granted by the Divorce Court (High Court or Magistrates’ Court).

How are Maintenance Orders made in the maintenance court?

A parent would apply for a maintenance order at the Maintenance Court. The court would then notify the other parent to appear in the Maintenance Court. Various Maintenance Courts follow different procedures in notifying parents. Some use subpoenas, other send letters, and others use emails. Thereafter, the parents would first meet with a maintenance officer to discuss the complaint and an enquiry is held. The parents would present all their income and expenses and the maintenance officer would try to resolve the matter. Resolving the matter would be first prize for both parents. However, matters are not always resolved at this first sitting. Therefore, in short, Maintenance Orders are made as follows:

The parties agree on a maintenance order with the assistance of a Maintenance Officer, and it is made an order of Court. A consent form is therefore signed and made an order of Court. Everyone is happy; or
The parties cannot agree on a maintenance order, and the court decides what the terms of the order should be. This is the long route, but necessary if one or both parties are being unreasonable.

The parent is unhappy with the maintenance court’s decision

If a parent is not happy with the order the court made, then he or she may appeal the Maintenance Order. Basically, what this means, is that a higher court would decide whether the maintenance court made the correct decision. In this case, the higher court would be the High Court. If the maintenance matter was heard in Cape Town, it would then be the Western Cape High Court. As you would see below, the procedure is cumbersome. The entire court record would have to be typed out and read by the High Court Judges.

Procedures to follow when wanting to appeal a Maintenance Court decision

When appealing a maintenance court decision, one needs to look at the Magistrates’ Court Rules, as well as the High Court Rules. This is so as the maintenance matter was heard by a magistrate and the court hearing the appeal is the High Court. We inserted both sets of rules below which you can follow should you wish to appeal a maintenance court decision.

Magistrates’ Court Rule on Appeals

Appeals in civil cases

(1) Upon a request in writing by any party within 10 days after judgment and before noting an appeal the judicial officer shall within 15 days hand to the registrar or clerk of the court a judgment in writing which shall become part of the record showing-

the facts he or she found to be proved; and
his or her reasons for judgment.

(2) The registrar or clerk of the court shall on receipt from the judicial officer of a judgment in writing supply to the party applying therefor a copy of such judgment and shall endorse on the original minutes of record the date on which the copy of such judgment was so supplied. (3) An appeal may be noted within 20 days after the date of a judgment appealed against or within 20 days after the registrar or clerk of the court has supplied a copy of the judgment in writing to the party applying therefor, whichever period shall be the longer. (4) An appeal shall be noted by the delivery of notice, and, unless the court of appeal shall otherwise order, by giving security for the respondent’s costs of appeal to the amount of R1000: Provided that no security shall be required from the State or, unless the court of appeal otherwise orders, from a person to whom legal aid is rendered by a statutorily established legal aid board. (5) Money paid into court under subrule (4) and outstanding for more than three years, may be paid into the State Revenue Fund, after three months’ notice of such intention in writing has been given to the parties concerned, whereafter the parties concerned may apply for a refund of the amount paid into the said Fund. (6) A cross-appeal shall be noted by the delivery of notice within 10 days after the delivery of the notice of appeal. (7) A notice of appeal or cross-appeal shall state- (a) whether the whole or part only of the judgment is appealed against, and if part only, then what part; and (b) the grounds of appeal, specifying the findings of fact or rulings of law appealed against. (8) (a) Upon the delivery of a notice of appeal the relevant judicial officer shall within 15 days thereafter hand to the registrar or clerk of the court a statement in writing showing (so far as may be necessary having regard to any judgment in writing already handed in by him or her)-

the facts he or she found to be proved;
the grounds upon which he or she arrived at any finding of fact specified in the notice of appeal as appealed against; and
his or her reasons for any ruling of law or for the admission or rejection of any evidence so specified as appealed against.

(b) A statement referred to in paragraph (a) shall become part of the record. (c) This rule shall also, so far as may be necessary, apply to a cross-appeal. (9) A party noting an appeal or a cross-appeal shall prosecute the same within such time as may be prescribed by rule of the court of appeal and, in default of such prosecution, the appeal or cross-appeal shall be deemed to have lapsed, unless the court of appeal shall see fit to make an order to the contrary. (10) Subject to rule 50 of the Rules Regulating the Conduct of the Proceedings of the Several Provincial and Local Divisions of the High Court of South Africa, the registrar or clerk of the court shall, within 15 days after he or she receives notice that an appeal has been set down for hearing, transmit to the registrar of the court of appeal the record in the action duly certified. (11) (a) A respondent desiring to abandon the whole or any part of a judgment appealed against may do so by the delivery of a notice in writing stating whether he or she abandons the whole, or if part only, what part of such judgment. (b) Every notice of abandonment in terms of paragraph (a) shall become part of the record. (12) Where the parties agree in terms of section 82 of the Act that the decision of the court shall be final, either party may lodge the memorandum of such agreement with the registrar or the clerk of the court, and such memorandum shall thereupon become part of the record in the action or matter. Now let us refer you to the relevant sections of the High Court Rules.

High Court Rule in relation to Appeals from the Maintenance Court

50 Civil Appeals from Magistrates’ Courts (1) An appeal to the court against the decision of a magistrate in a civil matter shall be prosecuted within 60 days after the noting of such appeal, and unless so prosecuted it shall be deemed to have lapsed. (2) The prosecution of an appeal shall ipso facto operate as the prosecution of any cross-appeal which has been duly noted. (3) If a cross-appeal has been noted, and the appeal lapses, the cross-appeal shall also lapse, unless application for a date of hearing for such cross-appeal is made to the registrar within twenty days after the date of the lapse of such appeal. (4) (a) The appellant shall, within 40 days of noting the appeal, apply to the registrar in writing and with notice to all other parties for the assignment of a date for the hearing of the appeal and shall at the same time make available to the registrar in writing his full residential and postal addresses and the address of his attorney if he is represented. (b) In the absence of such an application by the appellant, the respondent may at any time before the expiry of the period of 60 days referred to in subrule (1) apply for a date of hearing in like manner. (c) Upon receipt of such an application from appellant or respondent, the appeal shall be deemed to have been duly prosecuted. (5) (a) Upon receipt of such application, the registrar shall forthwith assign a date of hearing, which date shall be at least 40 days after the receipt of the said application, unless all parties consent in writing to an earlier date: Provided that the registrar shall not assign a date of hearing until the provisions of subrule (7) (a), (b), and (c) have been duly complied with. (b) The registrar shall forthwith give the applicant written notice of the date of hearing, whereupon the applicant shall forthwith deliver a notice of set down and in writing give notice thereof to the clerk of the court from which the appeal emanated. (6) A notice of set down of a pending appeal shall ipso facto operate as a set down of any cross-appeal and vice versa. (7) (a) The applicant shall simultaneously with the lodging of the application for a date for the hearing of the appeal referred to in subrule (4) lodge with the registrar two copies of the record: Provided that where such an appeal is to be heard by more than two judges, the applicant shall, upon the request of the registrar, lodge a further copy of the record for each additional judge. (b) Such copies shall be clearly typed on foolscap paper in double spacing, and the pages thereof shall be consecutively numbered and as from second January 1968, such copies shall be so typed on A4 standard paper referred to in rule 62 (2) or on foolscap paper and after expiration of a period of twelve months from the aforesaid date on such A4 standard paper only. In addition every tenth line on each page shall be numbered. (c) The record shall contain a correct and complete copy of the pleadings, evidence and all documents necessary for the hearing of the appeal, together with an index thereof, and the copies lodged with the registrar shall be certified as correct by the attorney or party lodging the same or the person who prepared the record.

(d) The party lodging the copies of the record shall not less than fifteen days prior to the date of the hearing of the appeal also furnish each of the other parties with two copies thereof, certified as aforesaid. (8) (a) Save in so far as these affect the merits of an appeal, subpoenas, notices of trial, consents to postponements, schedules of documents, notices to produce or inspect, and other documents of a formal nature shall be omitted from the copies of the record prepared in terms of the aforegoing subrule. A list thereof shall be included in the record. (b) (i) With the written consent of the parties any exhibit or other portion of the record which has no bearing on the point in issue on appeal may be omitted from the record. (ii) If a portion has been so omitted from the record, the written consent signed by or on behalf of the parties and noting the omission shall be filed, together with the incomplete record, with the Registrar. (iii) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraphs (i) and (ii) the court hearing the appeal may at any time request the complete original record and take cognisance of everything appearing therein. (c) When an appeal is to be decided exclusively on a point of law, the parties may agree to submit such appeal to the court in the form of a special case, as referred to in rule 33 of the Rules, in which event copies may be submitted to the court of such portions only of the record which in the opinion of the parties may be necessary for a proper decision of the appeal: Provided that the court hearing the appeal may request that the entire original record of the case be placed before the court. (9) Not less than fifteen days before the appeal is heard the appellant shall deliver one copy of a concise and succinct statement of the main points (without elaboration) which he intends to argue on appeal, as well as a list of the authorities to be tendered in support of each point, and not less than ten days before the appeal is heard the respondent shall deliver a similar statement. Three additional copies shall be lodged with the registrar in each case. (10) Notwithstanding the provisions of this rule the judge president may, in consultation with the parties concerned, direct that a contemplated appeal be dealt with as an urgent matter and order that it be disposed of, and the appeal be prosecuted, at such time and in such manner as to him seems meet.

Final Words on Appeals in Maintenance Court Matters

From the above, it is clear that one does not have to just accept a decision of a Magistrate in a Maintenance Matter. There is always the option to appeal his or her decision. You may consider reading the following articles on maintenance court appeals: What do I do if I am not happy with the maintenance court’s ruling? Is it possible to appeal the decision? Successful Child Maintenance Appeal before the Full Bench Argued by Adv M Abduroaf We are certain that you found the above article useful and interesting. Please consider sharing it on the share buttons below. They include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Gmail and more. Someone may find it useful as well. Should you require business advice or services, feel free to click on these links: Business SA | Private Legal | Envirolaws

Posted on 11 February 2025 by Telelaw

Children born out of wedlock – The issue of whose surname the minor child should have
Children born out of wedlock – let us have a look at the law when it comes to their surname, and changes to it. In the ideal world, a couple falls in love, gets married, and then bring a child into this world. However, since the beginning of time, this was not always the case. History has many stories of children who were born out of wedlock. This is more prevalent this modern day as many couples decide to start a family, without nuptials. Then there is the other extreme where a child is conceived through a brief encounter and then the parties continue with their own paths in life. The law and society also treat children born out of wedlock differently. This has changed to an extent where neutral terms are being used. Words like “illegitimate” and so on are used to refer to such innocent children whose fate was laid down by their parents. The law and society were so extreme, that even children born from religious marriages, which were not recognised as valid civil marriages were also referred to as “illegitimate”. It is however still shocking that the South African law we refer to later, still uses the term “illegitimate child”. Nonetheless, a beautiful innocent child is born, and then the issue of whose surname he or she should have has arisen. This is what this article addresses. Whose surname should a child born out of wedlock have, according to the law? And further, can such a surname be legally changed later?

Issues in relation to a surname of minor children born out of wedlock

This article deals with two issues in relation to a surname of a child born out of wedlock. The first is whose surname a child born out of wedlock should have according to the law? This is an important issue. There are a few scenarios that come to play. One where the parties lived together and planned on having the child and intend to marry or live together indefinitely. In such a case, maybe the child should have the father’s surname. Then there is the other situation, where the mother and the father of the child had a short intimate relationship, and he wants the child to have his surname. This could be complicated as he may never form part of the child’s life but wants the child to have his surname. This we refer to as an ego or vanity reason. And the second issue this article deals with is what the law says regarding a change to the surname of a child born out of wedlock. This is also an important issue as, sometimes, the father of a child born out of wedlock is the one who cares for the child and invests most of his life in the child. Situations can arise where it would be expedient for him to have primary care over the child and for the child to have his surname. We will look at this issue in more detail below. Now let us look at the law.

Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992

When it comes to issues of name, surname, details of the father on the birth certificate and so on, we refer to the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992. What this Act says, is that within 7 (seven) days of the birth of the child born out of wedlock, or any child for that matter, notice of his or her birth must be given to the Department of Home Affairs in the prescribed manner. It further says that if the parents are married, then the child would have the father’s surname. However, that is not the case for children born out of wedlock as you will see later. The Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992 unfortunately still uses the term “illegitimate child”. But let’s have a look at it anyway.

Section 10 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992

Section 10 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992 is entitled “Notice of birth of illegitimate child”. It states the following: “10. (1) Notice of birth of an illegitimate child shall be given – (a) under the surname of the mother; or (b) at the joint request of the mother and of the person who in the presence of the person to whom the notice of birth was given acknowledges himself in writing to be the father of the child and enters the prescribed particulars regarding himself upon the notice of birth, under the surname of the person who has so acknowledged. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), the notice of birth may be given under the surname of the mother if the person mentioned in subsection 5 (1 )(b), with the consent of the mother, acknowledges himself in writing to be the father of the child and enters particulars regarding himself upon the notice of birth.”

Explanation of section 10 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992

Section 10 says that if the child was born out of wedlock, he or she should have the surname of the mother. However, if both the mother and father agree, then the child can have the surname of the father. Now, this is what the law says, and what would probably happen in life should the mother and father be on good terms when the child’s name is registered. However, what can the father do if later he wants the child to have his surname? In that case, we have to look at a different section of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992. And that is section 25 of the Act.

Section 25 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992

Section 25 of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992 deals with the alteration of the surname of a minor. Unfortunately, in that section, the word “illegitimate minor” is still used. The sections state the following: “25. (1) When- (a) the birth of any illegitimate minor has been registered and the mother of that minor marries any person other than the natural father of the minor; (b) the father of any minor is deceased or his parents’ marriage has been dissolved and his mother remarries or his mother as a widow or divorcee resumes a surname which she bore at any prior time; (c) the birth of any illegitimate minor has been registered under the surname of his natural father; or (d) a minor is in the care of a guardian, his mother or his guardian, as the case may be, may apply to the Director-General for the alteration of his surname to the surname of his mother, or the surname which his mother has resumed, or the surname of his guardian, as the case may be, and the Director-General may alter the registration of birth of that minor accordingly in the prescribed manner: Provided that the man who married the mother of a minor mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b), shall grant written consent for the alteration. (2) Any parent or any guardian of a minor whose birth has been included under a specific surname in the population register, may on the strength of a reason not mentioned in subsection (1), apply to the Director-General for the alteration of the surname of the minor under which his birth was registered, and the Director-General may, on submission of a good and sufficient reason given for the contemplated alteration of the surname, alter the said original surname accordingly in the prescribed manner. (3) For the purposes of this section “guardian” includes any person who has in law or in fact the custody or control of a minor.”

Explanation of Section 25(1) of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992

Section 25 (1) provides for the situation where the minor can have his or her surname change. Most of the reasons mentioned sound logical. However, what happens in the case of a father wanting to change the child’s surname to his surname and the child was born out of wedlock? Well, in that case, section 25 (2) comes with an answer.

Section 25 (2) of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992

According to section 25(2), the father of the illegitimate child can make an application to the Director-General of the Department of Home Affairs for the change of the minor child’s surname born out of wedlock. However, if the mother is still alive, both parents must consent to the application. If, however, the mother does not consent to it, the father would have to make an application to the High Court to dispense with the mother’s consent and for the Director-General to apply their mind without the consent of the mother.

Court Application in relation to a surname of a child born out of wedlock

Should there be an application to Court, as just mentioned, the Court would have to look at what is in the best interests of the minor child. Various factors would be looked at. It is however suggested that ego reasons should not be the justification for making the application. In other words, the father wants the child to have his surname solely due to him being the father, even though the mother cares for the minor child.

Posted on 11 February 2025 by Telelaw

How do I find an affordable Lawyer in Cape Town?

Finding a good, affordable lawyer can sometimes be challenging. You do not want the cheapest lawyer, but an expensive lawyer won’t do. He or she may have little experience, and you may lose your case based on that. However, some cases are simple, and you do not need to do your best to assist you. However, finding the balance between affordability and expertise can be difficult. Here are some tips:

Define Your Needs: Identify the specific legal services you require (e.g., family law, criminal defence, corporate law).
Research Online: Use legal directories;
Check Reviews and Ratings: Look for client reviews and ratings to gauge the firm’s reputation and client satisfaction.
Ask for Recommendations: Reach out to friends, family, or colleagues who may have had similar legal needs for personal recommendations.
Evaluate Experience: Consider the firm’s experience in your specific legal issue, including years in practice and case outcomes.
Schedule Consultations: Many firms offer free or less expensive consultations. Use this opportunity to meet attorneys, discuss your case, and assess their communication style.
Assess Costs: Inquire about fees and billing practices. Understand whether they charge hourly rates, flat fees, or contingency fees.
Trust Your Instincts: Choose a firm that you feel comfortable with and confident in their ability to handle your case.
Verify Credentials: Check the attorneys’ qualifications and any disciplinary history.
Consider Location: Proximity can be important for ease of communication and meetings.

Taking the time to research and evaluate different firms will help you find the right fit for your legal needs.

Frequently asked questions on Divorce

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Advocate Muhammad Abduroaf – Advocate High Court of South Africa[/caption] We proud ourselves on our knowledge on family law, and related matters relevant to South Africa. This includes issues and questions surrounding divorces, custody and child maintenance. Feel free to browse through the questions and answers below. Should you not find the answer to a divorce question you are looking for, scroll down to the bottom of this page and post your divorce-related question. Or you may click here to take you to the bottom of this post where the questions start. Want to know more about Rule 43 Applications in the High Court and Rule 58 Applications in the Magistrates’ Court? Click here.

How does it work to get a divorce/divorce process?

Only a court of law can divorce you. Therefore, a spouse should take the other spouse to court. You or your lawyer would have to approach the Divorce Court of the Family Court.

What is the procedure or process a for divorce?

One party needs to sue the other party for a divorce. This can be done in the High Court of the Family Courts. Once all the paperwork is done, the matter is set down for hearing or trial where a judge or magistrate would divorce you.

How long does it take for a divorce to be finalized?

If a divorce is undefended, it can take about 6 weeks. However, if the parties wish to litigate, it can take many months, up to 2 (two) years.

How long will it take for a divorce to be final?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months.

How long does it take for someone to be served with divorce papers?

If the person’s home and work address are known and the person is usually there, it can take a day or two. This depends on when the Sheriff is available to serve the summons. However, if the person is not always at work or at home to be served, it can take some time.

How long does it take for a divorce to be finalized?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months.

How long does it take to get a divorce decree paper?

One the divorce is finalised, it should take about a week for the divorce decree or order to be typed out and available for collection.

How is a divorce finalized?

A divorce is finalised by a magistrate or judge granting a decree or order of divorce.

How long does it take to get an amicable divorce?

If the parties are on the same page and want to keep things friendly, it can take less than two months.

Why does it take so long to get a divorce?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months. The problem is that when the matter becomes defended. it can take many months to finalise.

How long does it take to get a divorce by mutual consent in Cape Town?

[video width="1920" height="1080" mp4="https://www.ourlawyer.co.za/wp-content/uploads/Child-Custody-Visitation-and-Contact.mp4"][/video] If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months.

Is adultery against the law in South Africa?

No, it is not a crime. However, it can be ground for a divorce.

What does in community of property means?

In community of property means that there is just one estate. At divorce, the estate has to be divided.

What can be contested in a divorce?

Anything the other spouse asks for can be contested. This includes maintenance, custody and the divorce itself.

How long does it take to get a divorce in South Africa?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months.

What is the meaning of uncontested divorce?

An uncontested divorce is a term used to describe a divorce where both spouses agree to the divorce and the terms thereof. They then both co-operate if the finalisation of the divorce.

What is the divorce?

A divorce is the dissolution of the marriage. In other words, you are no longer married after the divorce.

When do you get served divorce papers?

Once a spouse instituted divorce proceedings, you should then be served with divorce papers by the sheriff of the court.

How long does it take to file for a divorce?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months.

How long does it take to get a divorce in Cape Town if both parties agree?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months. What is the final decree of divorce? It is an order, where the Court dissolves your marriage.

How much does it cost to get a divorce?

The court does not charge for a divorce. However, your lawyer would charge a fee, as well as the sheriff of the court who serves the divorce documents.

How long does it take to get a divorce in Cape Town?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months.

How do I go about filing for divorce?

You should issue a summons at the Divorce Court.

Is a civil marriage in community of property?

Yes, unless you entered into an ante-nuptial contract beforehand stating otherwise.

What happens if your spouse refuses to sign divorce papers?

If your spouse refused to sign divorce papers, the divorce proceeds on a defended bases.

What happens when you file for a divorce?

The legal process follows. Ultimately, you want to have the matter heard before a magistrate or judge.

What is the meaning of notice of bar?

A notice of bar is a notice given to the Defendant, who filed a notice of intention to defend, but did nothing afterward. Therefore, you a notice of bar is issued, the Plaintiff may go ahead with finalising the case. [caption id="attachment_8258" align="alignleft" width="476"]

Child Custody Visitation and Contact[/caption]

What is the meaning of a customary marriage?

A customary marriage is a marriage based on custom. An example is that of Xhosa or Zulu marriages.

How long does it take to get a divorce in South Africa?

If the parties agree and co-operate, it can take less than two months. If not, up to 2 (two) months. Therefore, it is in their best interest to try to resolve matters as soon as possible.

How does it work to get a divorce?

One party needs to summons the other party to Court. Therefore, a divorce cannot take place without a court process.

What is the procedure for divorce?

One party needs to summons the other party to Court.

How long does it take to get a divorce if both parties agree?

The quickest is for four weeks.

How much does it cost to file for a divorce in South Africa?

If you attend to your divorce, there are no costs, other than sheriff fees.

How do you file for divorce in South Africa?

A divorce has to start with a court process called a Summons. This document is issued at the divorce court and served on the spouse.

What is an uncontested divorce in South Africa?

An uncontested divorce in South Africa is where both parties agree on the terms of the divorce. In other words, there won’t be any opposition to the divorce. Only co-operation.

How long does it take to get a divorce in Cape Town, South Africa?

If all goes well and the divorce is uncontested, it would take approximately two (2) months to finalise.

How long does it take to get a fast divorce in Cape Town, South Africa?

Approximately two (2) months.

How long does it take to get a divorce in South Africa?

Each court is different. However approximately two (2) months.

When a divorce is final?

A divorce is final when you obtain a decree of divorce from the Judge or Magistrate. Therefore, a court process needs to take place.

How can I get a divorce without a lawyer?

You do not need a lawyer to attend to your divorce. You can do it on your own. The best option would be is to approach the Family Court in your area for assistance.

How long does it take to get a divorce in Cape Town, South Africa?

If the divorce is undefended, it can take about six (6) weeks.

How long does it take for someone to be served with divorce papers?

It can take a day or a few weeks. It all depends on when the sheriff is available to serve the divorce papers, as well as the ability to serve. In other words, sometimes the Sheriff takes a while to locate the party who must be served.

How long does it take for a divorce to be finalized?

It can take up to 6 weeks. Therefore, if you want to finalise a divorce quickly, agree as soon as possible.

How can I get a quick divorce in South Africa?

A divorce is very quick if you and your spouse agree on the terms of the divorce. You may then enter into a consent paper and have that made an order of the court. If you follow that route, with a divorce lawyer, you can be divorced within a few weeks. Purchase a Consultation with us from our Online Shop, by clicking here.